OPTHALMOLOGY
OPTHALMOLOGY SYLLABUS
(These syllabus may change from time to time. Please check with the relevant Public Service Commission websites for any changes in the syllabus)
1. Basic Anatomy of Eye.
2. Physiology of Eye.
3. Optics and Refraction of Eye.
4. Eyelids- Benign nodules and cysts, benign epidermal tumors, benign pigmented lesions, benign adnexal tumors, miscellaneous benign tumors, malignant tumors, disorders of lashes, allergic disorders, bacterial infections, viral infections, blepharitis, ptosis, ectropion, entropion, miscelleneous acquired disorders, cosmetic eyelid and peiocular surgery, congenital malformations.
5. Lacrimal Drainage System- Physiology, causes of a watering eye, evaluation, acquired obstruction, congenital obstruction, lacrimal surgery, chronic canaliculitis, dacryocystitis.
6. Orbit- Thyroid eye disease, infections, non-infective inflammatory disease, vascular malformations, carotis -cavernous fistula, cystic lesions, tumors, the anophthalmic socket, craniosynostoses.
7. Dry Eye Disorders- Definitions, physiology, classification, sjogren syndrome, clinical features, special investigations, treatment.
8. Conjunctiva- Basecterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctivitis in blistering mucocutaneous disease, miscellaneous conjunctivitis, degenerations.
9. Episclera and Sclera- Episcleritis, immune-mediated scleritis, infectious scleritis, scleral discoloration, blue sclera, miscellaneous conditions.
10. Lens- Acquired cataract, management of age-related cataract, newer techniques of cataract surgeries, congenital cataract, ectopia lentis, abnormalities of shape, latest development IOL designs.
11. Glaucoma- Tonometry, gonioscopy, evaluation of the optic nerve, imaging in glaucoma, perimetry, ocular hypertension, primary open-angle glaucoma, normal- pressure glaucoma, primary angle-closure glaucoma, classification of secondary glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation, pigment dispersion, neovascular glaucoma, inflammatory glaucoma, lens related glaucoma, traumatic glaucoma, iridocorneal endothelial sydrome, glaucoma in intraocular tumors, glaucoma in epithermal growth, glaucoma in iridoschisis, primary congenital glaucoma, iridocorneal dysgenesis, glaucoma in phacomatoses, glaucoma medications, newer antiglaucoma drugs, laser therapy, trabeculectomy, non-penetrating surgery, antimetabolities in filtration surgery, drainage shunts.
12. Cornea- The cornea: basic structure and function, limbal stem cell and its clinical application, ocular surface rehabilitation, examination and evaluation techniques of cornea, corneal blindness, epidemiology, infectious diseases of cornea, immunologic diseases of cornea, metabolic and congenital diseases of cornea, conjunctival corneal dysplasia and malignancy, corneal dystrophies and degeneration, corneal surgeries including emerging innovation, modern eye banking : Advances and challenges.
13. Retina- Retinal imaging and diagnosis, basic sciences related to retina, genetics in relation to retina, hereditary retinal and choroidal disease, macular dystrophies, retinal vascular diseases, age related macular disease, inflammatory and infective diseases of retina and choroid, retinal detachment including newer treatment modalities, surgeries of vitreous and retina, tumors of retina and choroid, endophthalmitis, artificial vision.
14. Uveal Tissue- Classification of uveitis, immune mechanism in eyes, clinical features, special investigations, principles of treatment, role of immunosuppressants in uveitis, intermediate uveitis, uveitis in spondyloarthropathies, uveitis in juvenile arthritis, uveitis in bowel disease, uveitis in renal disease, sarcoidosis, behcet syndrome, toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis, miscellaneous parasitic uveitis, uveitis in immuno deficiency syndrome, miscellaneous viral uveitis, fungal uveitis, bacterial uveitis, white dot syndromes, primary sttomal choroidits, miscellaneous anterior uveitis, miscellaneous posterior uveitis.
15. Ocular Tumors - Benign epibulbar tumors, malignant and premalignant epibulbar tumors, iris tumors, iris cysts, ciliary body tumors, tumors of the choroid, neural retinal tumors, vascular retinal tumors, primary intraocular lymphoma, tumors of the retinal pigment epithelium, paraneoplastic syndromes.
16. Strabismus- Amblyopia, clinical evaluation, heterophoria, vergence abnormalities, esotropia, exotropia, special syndromes, alphabet patterns, surgery.
17. Neuro-Opthalmology- Neuroimaging, optic nerve, pupillary reactions, chiasm, retrochiasmal pathways, ocular motor nerves, supranuclear disorders of ocular motility, nystagmus, carotid stenosis, intracranial aneurysms, ocular myopathies, neurofibromatosis, migraine, facial spasm.
18. Ocular Pharmacology.
19. Trauma- Eyelid trauma, orbital fractures, trauma to the globe, chemical injuries.
20. Causes and Prevention of Blindness including NPCB & Vision 2020.
21. Ocular manifestations of Systematic diseases eg. Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, AIDS, Renal Disorders, Thyroid, Diseases and others.
1. Basic Anatomy of Eye.
2. Physiology of Eye.
3. Optics and Refraction of Eye.
4. Eyelids- Benign nodules and cysts, benign epidermal tumors, benign pigmented lesions, benign adnexal tumors, miscellaneous benign tumors, malignant tumors, disorders of lashes, allergic disorders, bacterial infections, viral infections, blepharitis, ptosis, ectropion, entropion, miscelleneous acquired disorders, cosmetic eyelid and peiocular surgery, congenital malformations.
5. Lacrimal Drainage System- Physiology, causes of a watering eye, evaluation, acquired obstruction, congenital obstruction, lacrimal surgery, chronic canaliculitis, dacryocystitis.
6. Orbit- Thyroid eye disease, infections, non-infective inflammatory disease, vascular malformations, carotis -cavernous fistula, cystic lesions, tumors, the anophthalmic socket, craniosynostoses.
7. Dry Eye Disorders- Definitions, physiology, classification, sjogren syndrome, clinical features, special investigations, treatment.
8. Conjunctiva- Basecterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctivitis in blistering mucocutaneous disease, miscellaneous conjunctivitis, degenerations.
9. Episclera and Sclera- Episcleritis, immune-mediated scleritis, infectious scleritis, scleral discoloration, blue sclera, miscellaneous conditions.
10. Lens- Acquired cataract, management of age-related cataract, newer techniques of cataract surgeries, congenital cataract, ectopia lentis, abnormalities of shape, latest development IOL designs.
11. Glaucoma- Tonometry, gonioscopy, evaluation of the optic nerve, imaging in glaucoma, perimetry, ocular hypertension, primary open-angle glaucoma, normal- pressure glaucoma, primary angle-closure glaucoma, classification of secondary glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation, pigment dispersion, neovascular glaucoma, inflammatory glaucoma, lens related glaucoma, traumatic glaucoma, iridocorneal endothelial sydrome, glaucoma in intraocular tumors, glaucoma in epithermal growth, glaucoma in iridoschisis, primary congenital glaucoma, iridocorneal dysgenesis, glaucoma in phacomatoses, glaucoma medications, newer antiglaucoma drugs, laser therapy, trabeculectomy, non-penetrating surgery, antimetabolities in filtration surgery, drainage shunts.
12. Cornea- The cornea: basic structure and function, limbal stem cell and its clinical application, ocular surface rehabilitation, examination and evaluation techniques of cornea, corneal blindness, epidemiology, infectious diseases of cornea, immunologic diseases of cornea, metabolic and congenital diseases of cornea, conjunctival corneal dysplasia and malignancy, corneal dystrophies and degeneration, corneal surgeries including emerging innovation, modern eye banking : Advances and challenges.
13. Retina- Retinal imaging and diagnosis, basic sciences related to retina, genetics in relation to retina, hereditary retinal and choroidal disease, macular dystrophies, retinal vascular diseases, age related macular disease, inflammatory and infective diseases of retina and choroid, retinal detachment including newer treatment modalities, surgeries of vitreous and retina, tumors of retina and choroid, endophthalmitis, artificial vision.
14. Uveal Tissue- Classification of uveitis, immune mechanism in eyes, clinical features, special investigations, principles of treatment, role of immunosuppressants in uveitis, intermediate uveitis, uveitis in spondyloarthropathies, uveitis in juvenile arthritis, uveitis in bowel disease, uveitis in renal disease, sarcoidosis, behcet syndrome, toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis, miscellaneous parasitic uveitis, uveitis in immuno deficiency syndrome, miscellaneous viral uveitis, fungal uveitis, bacterial uveitis, white dot syndromes, primary sttomal choroidits, miscellaneous anterior uveitis, miscellaneous posterior uveitis.
15. Ocular Tumors - Benign epibulbar tumors, malignant and premalignant epibulbar tumors, iris tumors, iris cysts, ciliary body tumors, tumors of the choroid, neural retinal tumors, vascular retinal tumors, primary intraocular lymphoma, tumors of the retinal pigment epithelium, paraneoplastic syndromes.
16. Strabismus- Amblyopia, clinical evaluation, heterophoria, vergence abnormalities, esotropia, exotropia, special syndromes, alphabet patterns, surgery.
17. Neuro-Opthalmology- Neuroimaging, optic nerve, pupillary reactions, chiasm, retrochiasmal pathways, ocular motor nerves, supranuclear disorders of ocular motility, nystagmus, carotid stenosis, intracranial aneurysms, ocular myopathies, neurofibromatosis, migraine, facial spasm.
18. Ocular Pharmacology.
19. Trauma- Eyelid trauma, orbital fractures, trauma to the globe, chemical injuries.
20. Causes and Prevention of Blindness including NPCB & Vision 2020.
21. Ocular manifestations of Systematic diseases eg. Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, AIDS, Renal Disorders, Thyroid, Diseases and others.
Opthalmology Answer Keys
1:-Which of the following is correct about blood supply of optic nerve except?
A:-Ophthalmic artery
B:-Prelaminar region is supplied by short posterior ciliary artery
C:-Orbital part is by pial network from posterior ciliary artery
D:-Intracanalicular segment is not in the water shed zone
Ans: D
2:-Which statement is correct about optic chiasm except?
A:-Lies over the body of sphenoid
B:-Above diaphragm sellae in fixed chiasma
C:-Prefixed chiasma lies above tuberculamsellae
D:-70% cases are postfixed
Ans: D
3:-Push up test is used to measure
A:-Near point of accommodation
B:-Subjective retinoscopy
C:-Squint
D:-None of the above
Ans: A
4:-Following is a hydrogel lens material
A:-HEMA-VP
B:-PMMA
C:-Silicone
D:-Cellulose acetate butyrate
Ans: A
5:-Enlarged superior ophthalmic vein is seen in
A:-Pappilledema
B:-Carotico cavernous fistula
C:-Meningioma
D:-Exophthalmos
Ans: B
6:-Which of the following is not a cause for pseudo papilledema?
A:-Hypermetropia
B:-ONH drusen
C:-Myelinated nerve fibres
D:-None of the above
Ans: D
7:-What is Urrets-zavalia syndrome?
A:-Mydriatic pupil following implantation of glaucoma drainage device
B:-Miotic pupil following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in keratoconus
C:-Mydriated pupil following penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus
D:-None of the above
Ans: C
8:-Which of the following is true about conjunctival melanoma?
A:-Metastasis occurs first in parotid or submandibular lymph node
B:-Tumour thicker than 1 mm carries greater risk of dissemination
C:-1/3 cases develops from primary acquired melanosis
D:-None of the above
Ans: A
9:-Which of the following drug causes whorl like keratopathy except?
A:-Amiodarone
B:-Diazepam
C:-Indomethacin
D:-Chloroquine
Ans: B
10:-Which is true about optic nerve glioma except?
A:-Seen in the first decade
B:-Malignant optic nerve glioma affect adult males
C:-75-80% associated with neurofibromatosis
D:-Observation is the treatment if good present
Ans: C
A:-Ophthalmic artery
B:-Prelaminar region is supplied by short posterior ciliary artery
C:-Orbital part is by pial network from posterior ciliary artery
D:-Intracanalicular segment is not in the water shed zone
Ans: D
2:-Which statement is correct about optic chiasm except?
A:-Lies over the body of sphenoid
B:-Above diaphragm sellae in fixed chiasma
C:-Prefixed chiasma lies above tuberculamsellae
D:-70% cases are postfixed
Ans: D
3:-Push up test is used to measure
A:-Near point of accommodation
B:-Subjective retinoscopy
C:-Squint
D:-None of the above
Ans: A
4:-Following is a hydrogel lens material
A:-HEMA-VP
B:-PMMA
C:-Silicone
D:-Cellulose acetate butyrate
Ans: A
5:-Enlarged superior ophthalmic vein is seen in
A:-Pappilledema
B:-Carotico cavernous fistula
C:-Meningioma
D:-Exophthalmos
Ans: B
6:-Which of the following is not a cause for pseudo papilledema?
A:-Hypermetropia
B:-ONH drusen
C:-Myelinated nerve fibres
D:-None of the above
Ans: D
7:-What is Urrets-zavalia syndrome?
A:-Mydriatic pupil following implantation of glaucoma drainage device
B:-Miotic pupil following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in keratoconus
C:-Mydriated pupil following penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus
D:-None of the above
Ans: C
8:-Which of the following is true about conjunctival melanoma?
A:-Metastasis occurs first in parotid or submandibular lymph node
B:-Tumour thicker than 1 mm carries greater risk of dissemination
C:-1/3 cases develops from primary acquired melanosis
D:-None of the above
Ans: A
9:-Which of the following drug causes whorl like keratopathy except?
A:-Amiodarone
B:-Diazepam
C:-Indomethacin
D:-Chloroquine
Ans: B
10:-Which is true about optic nerve glioma except?
A:-Seen in the first decade
B:-Malignant optic nerve glioma affect adult males
C:-75-80% associated with neurofibromatosis
D:-Observation is the treatment if good present
Ans: C
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