GENERAL SURGERY
General Surgery Syllabus
(These syllabus may change from time to time. Please check with the relevant Public Service Commission websites for any changes in the syllabus)
A. Surgical Anatomy
1. Head & Neck - Parts of Brain including ventricles & intracranial vascular arrangement, Spinothalamic tracts. Anatomy of great vessels of neck. Neck triangles, Anatomy of Trachea, Parotid gland, Anatomy and relations and facial nerve. Anatomical distribution of cervical lymph nodes.
2. Thyroid gland - Anatomy of Thyroid gland & parathyroid gland and Course of recurrent Laryngeal Nerve.
3. Breast - Anatomy of breast, Lymphatic drainage of breast and arrangement of axillary lymph nodes.
4. Chest - Anatomy of Chest wall, lungs, pleura, Heart & great vessels, Course of oesophagus and its relations with aorta and azygus vein and Thoracic duct.
5. Stomach - Blood supply & lymphatic drainage, course of vagus nerve.
6. Duodenum - Peritoneal reflections & relationship with head of Pancreas.
7. Small Intestine - Malrotation, vitellointestinal duct, urachus and Meckle's diverticulum. 8. Large Intestine - Appendix - Various positions and its clinical relevance, peritoneal reflections, vascular supply and lymphatic drainage of large intestine.
9. Rectum and anus - Peritoneal reflections, Vascular & Lymphatic arrangement, anal membrane, Hilton's lines and relationships with perineal muscles and developmental anomalies.
10. Liver - Anatomical and surgical lobes of liver, vascular supply and intrahepatic ductal arrangement.
11. Gall Bladder - Anatomical variations of the cystic duct and cystic artery (In relation to hepatic artery), anatomy of extra hepatic billiary system.
12. Pancreas - Relation with portal vein, inferior mesenteric vein and IVC, Boundries of lesser sac.
13. Spleen - Vascular supply and its relation with tail of pancreas, Colon, Kidney, Diaphragm, stomach.
14. Diaphragm - Development, various haitus & relationship with structures passing through them.
15. Retroperitoneal Area - Lymphatic, Thoracic duct, lymphnodes, sympathetics chain and anatomy of great vessels.
16. Kidney and Ureters - Developmental anomalies, Blood supply, Course of Ureter.
17. Suprarenal - Blood supply, venous drainage and relations with kidney.
18. Urinary Bladder & Prostate - Anatomy & relations with rectum and Ureter.
19. Urethra - Length, Various parts and development anomalies.
20. Penis - Lymphatic drainage - Attachment of crura.
21. Testis - Development anomalies like UDT, MDT, etc.
22. Extremities - Upper limb - Various muscular compartments of hand, forarm & arm. Course of various vessels & nerves, e.g. radial, median & ulnar. Lower limb - Arterial supply & venous drainage of lower limb, muscular compartment of foot, leg & thigh.
23. Surgical Anatomy of inguinal Canal, Femoral canal, umbilicus & abdominal wall & its anatomy, various abdominal surgical incisions.
B. Surgical Physiology
1. Thyroid - Iodine Metabolism, Pituitary - Thyroid Hormone axis.
2. Breast - Effects of various hormones on breast.
3. Chest - Mechanism of respiration, effect on Hemodynamics, Cardiac circulation, surgical causes of hypertension.
4. Stomach - Mechanism of acid production.
5. Intestine - Secretory and absorptive mechanism of small and large intestine.
6. Rectum and Anus - Mechanism of defecation.
7. Liver - Mechanism of Bile secretion, Entero-hepatic circulation and various metabolic functions of liver. 8. Gall Bladder - Mechanism of gall stone formation.
9. Pancreas - Exocrine and Endocrine pancreatic secretion, Patho-physiology of pancreatitis.
10. Spleen - Functions of spleen.
1. Diaphragm - Gastro-oesophageal reflux.
12. Kidney - Mechanism of formation of urine in relation to acute and chronic renal failure. 13. Suprarenal - Physiology of various hormone production.
14. Urinary Bladder - Mechanism of micturition and vesico-uretric reflux.
15. Testis - Germinal and endocrinal functions of testis.
16. Critical Care - Physiological response to trauma. - Nutrition in surgical critically ill patients. - Enteral and Parenteral nutrition. - Hemorrhagic and burn shock. - Blood transfusion. - Fluid and Electrolyte Balance. Acid - Base Balance. - ARDS, SIRS, multiple organ failure. - Physiology of wound healing. - Mechanism of clotting.
C. Surgical Pathology
1. Various types of biopsies, preservation of specimens.
2. Formation of Tumors, Well differentiated cells, Totipotent cells, Histopathological features of Neoplasm. Stem cell therapy.
3. Benign and malignant tumors, Gene therapy and Tumor Markers.
4. Grading & Staging of tumors.
5. Disturbed wound healing, Necrotising-fascitis, Gangrene and sequestrum.
6. Pathology of Benign Tumor like Lipoma, Fibroma, Osteoma, Adenoma, Papilloma, etc.
7. Various primary malignant tumor and secondary tumors.
D. Clinical Surgical Problems (Various clinical presentations, diagnosis, complications & treatment)
1. Head & Neck - Hydrocephalus, Meningocele, Encephalocle, intracranial injury (contusion, concussion, laceration, extradural and subdural hemorrhage, Middle meningeal hemorrhage, Lucid interval), cervical spine fracture, Brain tumors in general. Cleft Lip, Cleft palate, thyroglossal Cyst, Branchial Cyst, Branchial fistula and Pharyngeal pouch, Lymphnode enlargement - Inflammatory, Tubercular and malignant. Indications/contraindications of lymph node biopsy in neck.
2. Thyroid - Various types of thyroditis, thyrotoxicosis, myxoedema, cretinism, solitary thyroid nodule, goiters-simple and multi nodular goiter, thyroid malignancy controversies in management of carcinoma of thyroid.
3. Parathyroid - Adenoma, hyper parathyrodisim and malignancy.
4. Breast - Mastitis, tuberculosis of breast, fibroadenosis, fibroadenoma ANDI, fibro cystic diseases of breast. Lipoma, hydatid cyst and lymphatic cyst. Malignant tumors of Breast (Pathological) Recent trends (surgical radiological, medical oncology) role of BCT, Role of esterogen/Progesterogn receptors in management.
5. Chest - Fracture ribs, Flail chest, Haemo-pneumothorax, Lungs injuries, Injures to great vessels, Surgical emphysema, Cardiac tamponade, Tension pneumothorax, pleural effusion, Empyema, Apical shadow in lungs, Bronchogenic carcinoma and secondaries of the lungs.
6. Oesophgus – Corrosive strictures, malignancy oesophgus, Boerhaave’s syndrome. Variceal Bleeding.
7. Stomach - Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, peptic ulcer & perforation, Gastric outlet obstruction, Benign & malignant tumor of stomach, Zollinger - Ellison syndrome Type I & II, H-Pylori-role in APD & Carcinoma stomach. Upper GI Bleeding.
8. Intestine - Intestinal atresia, exomphalous major, patent vitello - intestinal duct & various clinical manifestations, Meckle's diverticulum, Intestinal obstruction, small gut tumors, Tuberculosis of intestine, caecum and large intestine, malignancy of Caecum and Large intestine, Ulcerative colitis & Crohn's disease, surgical management, Short gut syndrome, intussception, Gastrojejunal bypass, Bariatric surgery & metabolic surgery, familial adenomatous polyposis. Lower GI Bleeding.
9. Rectum & Anus - Imperforated Anus, Hirschsprung's diseases, Piles, fistula in ano, fissure in ano, polyp and adenomas, Ano rectal carcinoma with Special reference to modern management, Low anterior resection, value of circular staplers.
10. Liver - Liver injuries, Liver abscess, Hydatid disease, Hepatic Tumors-Benign and malignant, secondaries, Portal Hypertension, liver resection and Hepatic transplantation.
11. Gall Bladder - Gall stones, acute and chronic cholecystitis, Complications of Gall Stones, malignancy of gall bladder, Post operative bile leaks.
12. Common bile duct – Bilioma, Haemobilia, Biliary structures, cholangitis, cholangio-carcinoma, obstructive jaundice and peri ampulary carcinoma.
13. Pancreas - Pancreatic injury, acute and chronic pancreatitis (Recent Management), insulinoma, Gastrinoma, Recent Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, cysts of pancreas, malignancy of pancreas and pancreatic transplantation.
14. Spleen – Splenic abscess, Hyper splenism, splenic injury, splenomegaly, tumors of spleen, portal hypertension and splenic auto transplantation, Splenorrhaphy. Opportunistics post- splenectomy infections (OPSI).
15. Diaphragm - Diaphragmatic hernia, Eventration, diaphragmatic injuries, Penetrating thoraco abdominal injuries.
16. Retroperitoneal tumors 17. Kidney – Congental anomalies, renal trauma, renal stone, hydronephrosis, pyonephrosis, perinephric abscess, tuberculosis of the kidney, renal tumors and para-malignant Apudomas Renal transplantation & Donor Nephrectomy.
18. Ureter - Ureteric stones & ureteric transplantation, PUJ obstructions Ureteric injury, URS (Uretoro-Reno-Scopy).
19. Suprarenal - Phaeochromocytoma and its surgical management.
20. Urinary bladder & Prostate - Exostrophy bladder, posterior uretheral valves, Bladder injury, stones, hematuria, cystitis, Tuberculosis, diverticulum, Benign & malignant tumors, acute & chronic prostatitis, BHP, malignancy of prostate, retention of urine, incontinence and urgency.
21. Urethra - Urethral injuries, stricture, stone and hypospadisis, epispadisis.
22. Penis - Phimosis, meatal stenosis, paraphimosis, balanitis, ulcers and malignancy, Priaprism, Erectile dysfunctions.
23. Testis - Undescended testis, Ectopic testis, Acute Orchitis, Chronic epididymo-orchitis, Torsion testis, Hydrocele, Varicocele, Hematocele and Tumors of the testis, Recent trends in management of testicular tumors.
24. Upper Extemities - Soft tissue injuries including nerve, muscles, vessels, cervical rib and Raynaud's disease.
25. Skin - Ulcers, Tumors, S.C.C., B.C.C., Sarcoma & Melenoma, kaposi’s sarcoma. Wound management.
26. Lower Limb - Varicose veins, DVT, Soft tissue injury, muscles, vessels, nerves & Peripheral vascular disease, compartment syndrome, Endoscopic ligation of subfacial perforators.
27. Hernia - Definition, classification, Internal hernia (diaphragmatic, paraduodenal, transmesenteric, External hernia (inguinal, femoral epigastic, umbilical, paraumbilical and incisional), Laparoscopic anatomy of inguinal region.
28. General -
(a) Trauma – poly trauma, resuscitation, Triage.
(b) Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy & immunotherapy and Tumor Markers for various malignancies.
(c) Laparoscopic surgery - Basic & advanced.
(d) Robotic surgery & Tele-surgery.
(e) Anaesthesia - Endotracheal intubation, Tracheostomy, Cardic arrest, Resuscitation & Death on table, Epidural, Spinal anaesthesia.
(f) Operation Theatre - Theatre safety, design and layout. Techniques including autoclave & sterilization, Plasma sterilization.
(g) Infective surgical diseases - Gangrene, Tetanus, Necrotising fascitis, Diabetic foot, Carbuncle etc., surgical site infection – types, preventions & use of antibiotics.
(h) AIDS, universal precautions.
(i) Diagnostic procedures - IVP, Barium studies, MRI, CT-Scan, PET Scan, Virtual endoscopy,
(j) Endoscopic procedures - like Gastroscopy, ERCP, Oesophagoscopy, Colonoscopy & capsule endoscopy, cystoscopy & uretric catheterization.
(k) NOTES – (natural orifice trans abdominal endo surgery)
(l) Recent advances in surgery latest at the time of examination & interview.
(m)Fundamentals of plastic surgery, neuro surgery, urology, pediatric surgery, gastro-intestinal surgery, etc.
(n) Various operative procedures.
(o) Biomedical waste management.
(p) Lasers in surgery.
(q) Surgical Audit.
(r) Evidence based surgery.
(s) Day care surgery.
A. Surgical Anatomy
1. Head & Neck - Parts of Brain including ventricles & intracranial vascular arrangement, Spinothalamic tracts. Anatomy of great vessels of neck. Neck triangles, Anatomy of Trachea, Parotid gland, Anatomy and relations and facial nerve. Anatomical distribution of cervical lymph nodes.
2. Thyroid gland - Anatomy of Thyroid gland & parathyroid gland and Course of recurrent Laryngeal Nerve.
3. Breast - Anatomy of breast, Lymphatic drainage of breast and arrangement of axillary lymph nodes.
4. Chest - Anatomy of Chest wall, lungs, pleura, Heart & great vessels, Course of oesophagus and its relations with aorta and azygus vein and Thoracic duct.
5. Stomach - Blood supply & lymphatic drainage, course of vagus nerve.
6. Duodenum - Peritoneal reflections & relationship with head of Pancreas.
7. Small Intestine - Malrotation, vitellointestinal duct, urachus and Meckle's diverticulum. 8. Large Intestine - Appendix - Various positions and its clinical relevance, peritoneal reflections, vascular supply and lymphatic drainage of large intestine.
9. Rectum and anus - Peritoneal reflections, Vascular & Lymphatic arrangement, anal membrane, Hilton's lines and relationships with perineal muscles and developmental anomalies.
10. Liver - Anatomical and surgical lobes of liver, vascular supply and intrahepatic ductal arrangement.
11. Gall Bladder - Anatomical variations of the cystic duct and cystic artery (In relation to hepatic artery), anatomy of extra hepatic billiary system.
12. Pancreas - Relation with portal vein, inferior mesenteric vein and IVC, Boundries of lesser sac.
13. Spleen - Vascular supply and its relation with tail of pancreas, Colon, Kidney, Diaphragm, stomach.
14. Diaphragm - Development, various haitus & relationship with structures passing through them.
15. Retroperitoneal Area - Lymphatic, Thoracic duct, lymphnodes, sympathetics chain and anatomy of great vessels.
16. Kidney and Ureters - Developmental anomalies, Blood supply, Course of Ureter.
17. Suprarenal - Blood supply, venous drainage and relations with kidney.
18. Urinary Bladder & Prostate - Anatomy & relations with rectum and Ureter.
19. Urethra - Length, Various parts and development anomalies.
20. Penis - Lymphatic drainage - Attachment of crura.
21. Testis - Development anomalies like UDT, MDT, etc.
22. Extremities - Upper limb - Various muscular compartments of hand, forarm & arm. Course of various vessels & nerves, e.g. radial, median & ulnar. Lower limb - Arterial supply & venous drainage of lower limb, muscular compartment of foot, leg & thigh.
23. Surgical Anatomy of inguinal Canal, Femoral canal, umbilicus & abdominal wall & its anatomy, various abdominal surgical incisions.
B. Surgical Physiology
1. Thyroid - Iodine Metabolism, Pituitary - Thyroid Hormone axis.
2. Breast - Effects of various hormones on breast.
3. Chest - Mechanism of respiration, effect on Hemodynamics, Cardiac circulation, surgical causes of hypertension.
4. Stomach - Mechanism of acid production.
5. Intestine - Secretory and absorptive mechanism of small and large intestine.
6. Rectum and Anus - Mechanism of defecation.
7. Liver - Mechanism of Bile secretion, Entero-hepatic circulation and various metabolic functions of liver. 8. Gall Bladder - Mechanism of gall stone formation.
9. Pancreas - Exocrine and Endocrine pancreatic secretion, Patho-physiology of pancreatitis.
10. Spleen - Functions of spleen.
1. Diaphragm - Gastro-oesophageal reflux.
12. Kidney - Mechanism of formation of urine in relation to acute and chronic renal failure. 13. Suprarenal - Physiology of various hormone production.
14. Urinary Bladder - Mechanism of micturition and vesico-uretric reflux.
15. Testis - Germinal and endocrinal functions of testis.
16. Critical Care - Physiological response to trauma. - Nutrition in surgical critically ill patients. - Enteral and Parenteral nutrition. - Hemorrhagic and burn shock. - Blood transfusion. - Fluid and Electrolyte Balance. Acid - Base Balance. - ARDS, SIRS, multiple organ failure. - Physiology of wound healing. - Mechanism of clotting.
C. Surgical Pathology
1. Various types of biopsies, preservation of specimens.
2. Formation of Tumors, Well differentiated cells, Totipotent cells, Histopathological features of Neoplasm. Stem cell therapy.
3. Benign and malignant tumors, Gene therapy and Tumor Markers.
4. Grading & Staging of tumors.
5. Disturbed wound healing, Necrotising-fascitis, Gangrene and sequestrum.
6. Pathology of Benign Tumor like Lipoma, Fibroma, Osteoma, Adenoma, Papilloma, etc.
7. Various primary malignant tumor and secondary tumors.
D. Clinical Surgical Problems (Various clinical presentations, diagnosis, complications & treatment)
1. Head & Neck - Hydrocephalus, Meningocele, Encephalocle, intracranial injury (contusion, concussion, laceration, extradural and subdural hemorrhage, Middle meningeal hemorrhage, Lucid interval), cervical spine fracture, Brain tumors in general. Cleft Lip, Cleft palate, thyroglossal Cyst, Branchial Cyst, Branchial fistula and Pharyngeal pouch, Lymphnode enlargement - Inflammatory, Tubercular and malignant. Indications/contraindications of lymph node biopsy in neck.
2. Thyroid - Various types of thyroditis, thyrotoxicosis, myxoedema, cretinism, solitary thyroid nodule, goiters-simple and multi nodular goiter, thyroid malignancy controversies in management of carcinoma of thyroid.
3. Parathyroid - Adenoma, hyper parathyrodisim and malignancy.
4. Breast - Mastitis, tuberculosis of breast, fibroadenosis, fibroadenoma ANDI, fibro cystic diseases of breast. Lipoma, hydatid cyst and lymphatic cyst. Malignant tumors of Breast (Pathological) Recent trends (surgical radiological, medical oncology) role of BCT, Role of esterogen/Progesterogn receptors in management.
5. Chest - Fracture ribs, Flail chest, Haemo-pneumothorax, Lungs injuries, Injures to great vessels, Surgical emphysema, Cardiac tamponade, Tension pneumothorax, pleural effusion, Empyema, Apical shadow in lungs, Bronchogenic carcinoma and secondaries of the lungs.
6. Oesophgus – Corrosive strictures, malignancy oesophgus, Boerhaave’s syndrome. Variceal Bleeding.
7. Stomach - Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, peptic ulcer & perforation, Gastric outlet obstruction, Benign & malignant tumor of stomach, Zollinger - Ellison syndrome Type I & II, H-Pylori-role in APD & Carcinoma stomach. Upper GI Bleeding.
8. Intestine - Intestinal atresia, exomphalous major, patent vitello - intestinal duct & various clinical manifestations, Meckle's diverticulum, Intestinal obstruction, small gut tumors, Tuberculosis of intestine, caecum and large intestine, malignancy of Caecum and Large intestine, Ulcerative colitis & Crohn's disease, surgical management, Short gut syndrome, intussception, Gastrojejunal bypass, Bariatric surgery & metabolic surgery, familial adenomatous polyposis. Lower GI Bleeding.
9. Rectum & Anus - Imperforated Anus, Hirschsprung's diseases, Piles, fistula in ano, fissure in ano, polyp and adenomas, Ano rectal carcinoma with Special reference to modern management, Low anterior resection, value of circular staplers.
10. Liver - Liver injuries, Liver abscess, Hydatid disease, Hepatic Tumors-Benign and malignant, secondaries, Portal Hypertension, liver resection and Hepatic transplantation.
11. Gall Bladder - Gall stones, acute and chronic cholecystitis, Complications of Gall Stones, malignancy of gall bladder, Post operative bile leaks.
12. Common bile duct – Bilioma, Haemobilia, Biliary structures, cholangitis, cholangio-carcinoma, obstructive jaundice and peri ampulary carcinoma.
13. Pancreas - Pancreatic injury, acute and chronic pancreatitis (Recent Management), insulinoma, Gastrinoma, Recent Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, cysts of pancreas, malignancy of pancreas and pancreatic transplantation.
14. Spleen – Splenic abscess, Hyper splenism, splenic injury, splenomegaly, tumors of spleen, portal hypertension and splenic auto transplantation, Splenorrhaphy. Opportunistics post- splenectomy infections (OPSI).
15. Diaphragm - Diaphragmatic hernia, Eventration, diaphragmatic injuries, Penetrating thoraco abdominal injuries.
16. Retroperitoneal tumors 17. Kidney – Congental anomalies, renal trauma, renal stone, hydronephrosis, pyonephrosis, perinephric abscess, tuberculosis of the kidney, renal tumors and para-malignant Apudomas Renal transplantation & Donor Nephrectomy.
18. Ureter - Ureteric stones & ureteric transplantation, PUJ obstructions Ureteric injury, URS (Uretoro-Reno-Scopy).
19. Suprarenal - Phaeochromocytoma and its surgical management.
20. Urinary bladder & Prostate - Exostrophy bladder, posterior uretheral valves, Bladder injury, stones, hematuria, cystitis, Tuberculosis, diverticulum, Benign & malignant tumors, acute & chronic prostatitis, BHP, malignancy of prostate, retention of urine, incontinence and urgency.
21. Urethra - Urethral injuries, stricture, stone and hypospadisis, epispadisis.
22. Penis - Phimosis, meatal stenosis, paraphimosis, balanitis, ulcers and malignancy, Priaprism, Erectile dysfunctions.
23. Testis - Undescended testis, Ectopic testis, Acute Orchitis, Chronic epididymo-orchitis, Torsion testis, Hydrocele, Varicocele, Hematocele and Tumors of the testis, Recent trends in management of testicular tumors.
24. Upper Extemities - Soft tissue injuries including nerve, muscles, vessels, cervical rib and Raynaud's disease.
25. Skin - Ulcers, Tumors, S.C.C., B.C.C., Sarcoma & Melenoma, kaposi’s sarcoma. Wound management.
26. Lower Limb - Varicose veins, DVT, Soft tissue injury, muscles, vessels, nerves & Peripheral vascular disease, compartment syndrome, Endoscopic ligation of subfacial perforators.
27. Hernia - Definition, classification, Internal hernia (diaphragmatic, paraduodenal, transmesenteric, External hernia (inguinal, femoral epigastic, umbilical, paraumbilical and incisional), Laparoscopic anatomy of inguinal region.
28. General -
(a) Trauma – poly trauma, resuscitation, Triage.
(b) Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy & immunotherapy and Tumor Markers for various malignancies.
(c) Laparoscopic surgery - Basic & advanced.
(d) Robotic surgery & Tele-surgery.
(e) Anaesthesia - Endotracheal intubation, Tracheostomy, Cardic arrest, Resuscitation & Death on table, Epidural, Spinal anaesthesia.
(f) Operation Theatre - Theatre safety, design and layout. Techniques including autoclave & sterilization, Plasma sterilization.
(g) Infective surgical diseases - Gangrene, Tetanus, Necrotising fascitis, Diabetic foot, Carbuncle etc., surgical site infection – types, preventions & use of antibiotics.
(h) AIDS, universal precautions.
(i) Diagnostic procedures - IVP, Barium studies, MRI, CT-Scan, PET Scan, Virtual endoscopy,
(j) Endoscopic procedures - like Gastroscopy, ERCP, Oesophagoscopy, Colonoscopy & capsule endoscopy, cystoscopy & uretric catheterization.
(k) NOTES – (natural orifice trans abdominal endo surgery)
(l) Recent advances in surgery latest at the time of examination & interview.
(m)Fundamentals of plastic surgery, neuro surgery, urology, pediatric surgery, gastro-intestinal surgery, etc.
(n) Various operative procedures.
(o) Biomedical waste management.
(p) Lasers in surgery.
(q) Surgical Audit.
(r) Evidence based surgery.
(s) Day care surgery.
GENERAL SURGERY MCQs
1 In ureterosigmoidstomy all can occur except:
1) Hyponatremia
2) Hypokalemia
3) Hypochloremia
4) Acidosis
Ans: 3
2 Axillary lymph node dissection is routinely used for all of the following conditions except:
1) 1-cm. infiltrating lobular carcinoma
2) 8-mm. infiltrating ductal carcinoma
3) 2-cm. pure comedo-type intraductal carcinoma
4) A pure medullary cancer in the upper inner quadrant
Ans: 3
3 Both arterial & venous thrombosis occurs in:
1) Antiphospolipid antibodies
2) Protein C deficiency
3) Antithrombin III deficiency
4) Mutation in factor V genes
Ans: 1
4 Mismatched blood transfusion in an anaesthetised patient presents as:
1) Hperthermia & hypertension
2) Hypotension & bleeding from site of wound
3) Bradycardia & hypertension
4) Tachycardia & hypertension
Ans: 2
5 True about Dieulafoy’s lesion of stomach:
1) It is a very rare cause of GI bleeding (less than 1% incidence)
2) The bleeding artery in Dieulafoy's lesion lies in the submucosa
3) The lesion is seen in the distal stomach near the antrum
4) Surgery is required in all cases to stop the bleeding
Ans: 2
6 Which is not a characteristic appearance of polycystic kidney disease:
1) Spider leg deformity
2) Spring onion appearance
3) Sunburst pattern
4) Swiss cheese appearance
Ans: 2
7 Bushka Lowenstein tumour is:
1) Verrucous carcinoma of penis
2) CondylomaLata
3) Molluscumcontagiosum
4) Benign lesion of penis
Ans: 1
8 Which of the statement is not true:
1) Ankle brachial index less than 0.5 indicates critical limb ischemia
2) Ankle brachial index more than 1 is normal
3) Smoking is more specific for PVD than CAD
4) Ankle brachial index changes during exercise & rest
Ans: 3
9 What is not true about the role of Angiography in Obscure GI Bleed?
1) It is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in patients who are actively bleeding
2) The Sensitivity of angiography is less than nuclear medicine scans
3) Diagnostic yield is about 40%
4) It can identify smaller arterial lesions such as vascular ectasia and even venous
Ans: 4
10 Which of the following, regarding post- operative outcome following major hepatic resection is True:
1) The clinical examination by an experienced hepatic surgeon is the most important predictor of survival following liver resection
2) Mortality following major hepatic resections in most centres is still more than 10%
3) The Child Pugh System was originally developed to predict mortality after liver resection
4) There are two objective and three subjective criteria in Child Pugh Scoring
Ans: 1
1) Hyponatremia
2) Hypokalemia
3) Hypochloremia
4) Acidosis
Ans: 3
2 Axillary lymph node dissection is routinely used for all of the following conditions except:
1) 1-cm. infiltrating lobular carcinoma
2) 8-mm. infiltrating ductal carcinoma
3) 2-cm. pure comedo-type intraductal carcinoma
4) A pure medullary cancer in the upper inner quadrant
Ans: 3
3 Both arterial & venous thrombosis occurs in:
1) Antiphospolipid antibodies
2) Protein C deficiency
3) Antithrombin III deficiency
4) Mutation in factor V genes
Ans: 1
4 Mismatched blood transfusion in an anaesthetised patient presents as:
1) Hperthermia & hypertension
2) Hypotension & bleeding from site of wound
3) Bradycardia & hypertension
4) Tachycardia & hypertension
Ans: 2
5 True about Dieulafoy’s lesion of stomach:
1) It is a very rare cause of GI bleeding (less than 1% incidence)
2) The bleeding artery in Dieulafoy's lesion lies in the submucosa
3) The lesion is seen in the distal stomach near the antrum
4) Surgery is required in all cases to stop the bleeding
Ans: 2
6 Which is not a characteristic appearance of polycystic kidney disease:
1) Spider leg deformity
2) Spring onion appearance
3) Sunburst pattern
4) Swiss cheese appearance
Ans: 2
7 Bushka Lowenstein tumour is:
1) Verrucous carcinoma of penis
2) CondylomaLata
3) Molluscumcontagiosum
4) Benign lesion of penis
Ans: 1
8 Which of the statement is not true:
1) Ankle brachial index less than 0.5 indicates critical limb ischemia
2) Ankle brachial index more than 1 is normal
3) Smoking is more specific for PVD than CAD
4) Ankle brachial index changes during exercise & rest
Ans: 3
9 What is not true about the role of Angiography in Obscure GI Bleed?
1) It is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in patients who are actively bleeding
2) The Sensitivity of angiography is less than nuclear medicine scans
3) Diagnostic yield is about 40%
4) It can identify smaller arterial lesions such as vascular ectasia and even venous
Ans: 4
10 Which of the following, regarding post- operative outcome following major hepatic resection is True:
1) The clinical examination by an experienced hepatic surgeon is the most important predictor of survival following liver resection
2) Mortality following major hepatic resections in most centres is still more than 10%
3) The Child Pugh System was originally developed to predict mortality after liver resection
4) There are two objective and three subjective criteria in Child Pugh Scoring
Ans: 1