POPULATION STUDIES
POPULATION STUDIES SYLLABUS
(These syllabus may change from time to time. Please check with the relevant Public Service Commission websites for any changes in the syllabus)
Unit – I : Source of Population Data
(Elective Course – I) (Techniques of Population Analysis)
1. UGC NET Population
Spatial Distribution of Population :
Measures of density and concentration; factors affecting spatial distribution and temporal changes in density and concentration; world / India’s pattern of population distribution.
Population Movements :
Basic concepts and definitions; circulation, commutation, mobility, migration – their environmental impact assessment; determinants and consequences of internal / international migration; urbanization and migration in developed and developing countries; processes of sub – urbanization; rural urban continuum.
Theories of migration, pull and push factors, Lee’s theory of migration; Ravenstein’s Law of migration. Peterson’s typology; Stouffer’s model of Intervening opportunities and competing migrants; gravity models; Harris – Todaro Model of Migration.
2. Settlements
Human Settlements : Classification, Evolution and Growth; Morphology, Landuse and Functions; Spatial Organisation; Principles of Centrality and Hierarchy; Methods of measuring centrality and hierarchy; Central Place Region.
3. Human Ecology
Classical and modern views on the subject; human ecological processes ( e.g., concentration – dispersion dichotomy, centripetal – centrifugal forces ) and their role in shaping human ecological organisation.
Human ecological organizations : Physical, socio – economic, cultural; formal / non – formal.
Ecological imbalance and strategies to combat it :
Ecological imbalances caused by natural factors; human factors; impact on human ecological systems; man’s perception and adjustment to such imbalances; sustainable population and sustainable settlements in the context of a regional ecosystem.
( Elective Course – 3 ) ( Population, Development and Environment )
1. UGC NET Population
Divergent views regarding the relationship between population and economic development.
Changing Concept of Development – Emphasis on Equality – towards human centered development – welfare approach – investment in human capital approach, Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), Human Development Index (HDI).
3. UGC NET Environment
Population and development impact on natural resources and the environment. Land degradation, deforestation, air and water pollution, global warming biodiversity. Impact on quality of life – health, employment, urbanization, poverty, housing, transport, safe drinking water, sanitation, etc. Population, environment and sustainable development.
( Elective Course – 4 ) ( Family Welfare Program in India )
Unit – I : Source of Population Data
- World : Census, Registration of vital events. Demographic Surveys, Population Registers.
- India : Census, Civil Registration System ( CRS ), Sample Registration Scheme ( SRS ), National Sample Survey ( NSS ), Demographic surveys and other sources.
- Nature and limitation of data from each of the sources. Data appraisal : evaluation and adjustment of data.
- Rates, Ratios, Proportions, Percentages, Person, Months / Years, incidence, prevalence.
- Rates of Population Growth : Arithmetic, Geometric and Exponential Rates of Growth; Doubling Time; Location of Events in Time; the Lexis diagram.
- Cohort and cross – sectional indicators.
- Crude rates and standardized methods.
- Methods of population projections.
- Inter – censual / Post – censual estimates of population.
- Spatial and temporal changes in the size, composition & distribution of population – global perspective with special focus on India.
- Composition of India’s population.
- Demographic Composition.
- Social Composition.
- Economic Composition.
- Cultural Composition Concept of ageing.
- Concepts and measures of Nuptiality and Fertility Levels, trends and differentials of Fertility in India Sources of data on fertility
- Determinants of fertility – Framework of fertility analysis – Davis & Blake’s intermediate variable framework of fertility; Bongaart’s proximate determinants of fertility.
- Mortality – Concepts and measures.
- Mortality trends, levels and determinants in India with special reference to infant mortality and maternal mortality.
- Cause of Death statistics.
- Life Table : Basic concept of the Life Table; types and forms of Life Table and Model Life Table.
- Concepts and definitions of health and morbidity; measures of morbidity; Sources of data on morbidity and mortality.
- Reproductive Health : Concept and framework; Reproductive morbidity; prevalence of RTI (reproductive tract infection), STDs and HIV / AIDS; estimated levels and interventions.
- Basic Concepts and definitions Types of migrations – internal and international Trends and differentials of migration Determinants and consequences of migration.
- Concepts and definitions of urban; trends and patterns of urbanization in India.
- Issues in urbanisation and urban problems in developing countries with focus on India.
- Theories of Population Growth – Malthus to modern; limits to population growth.
- Theory of Demographic Transition.
- Theories related to fertility.
- Theories related to migration and urbanization.
- Concepts, definitions, relevance and measurement.
- Inter – relationship between population growth, environment and sustainable development with special reference to India.
- Human Development Index.
- Implications of population growth on food supply, water, sanitation, housing, employment, health, education, etc.
- Ecological balance and its maintenance.
- Concept of gender – its relationship with components of population – fertility, mortality, migration.
- Status of women – social, economic, cultural and health.
- Women empowerment and its demographic consequences.
- Population policies in the context of growth, structure, distribution and quality of life; Policies related to medical termination of pregnancy ( MTP ), age at marriage, sex determination tests, etc.
- National and State population policies in India.
- Evolution of Family Welfare Program in India.
- Program components and organization at different levels ( Nation, State, District ).
- Goals and achievements of the Family Welfare Program Methods of Program Impact Assessment Impact Assessment.
(Elective Course – I) (Techniques of Population Analysis)
- Rates, ratios, proportion and percentages; Sources of data for their computation in population analysis.
- Population growth rates : Decadal growth rates, arithmetic, geometric and exponential growth rates. Concept of population stabilization and net reproduction rate of unity.
- Nuptiality indicators – their computation and sources of data
- Fertility indicators – their computation and sources of data
- Cross – sectional or Period indicators : CBR, GFR, ASFR, ASMFR, TMFR, TFR, GRR, NRR, replacement level fertility, Birth order statistics.
- Cohort indicators : Children ever born, completed family size.
- Age standardization or adjustment,
- Mortality indicators – their computation and sources of data.
- CDR, ASDR, IMR, under – five, neo – natal mortality, post – natal mortality; MMR.
- Measures of pregnancy wastage.
- Computation of Life Table.
- Model Life Tables.
- Morbidity Indicators : Incidence, Prevalence and Case – fatality ratio.
- Migration and its measurement
- Population Estimation : Inter – censual and Post-censual, Methods of Population Projection.
- Indirect methods of estimation of demographic rates
- Estimation of Fertility.
- Estimation of infant mortality.
- Estimation of adult mortality.
1. UGC NET Population
Spatial Distribution of Population :
Measures of density and concentration; factors affecting spatial distribution and temporal changes in density and concentration; world / India’s pattern of population distribution.
Population Movements :
Basic concepts and definitions; circulation, commutation, mobility, migration – their environmental impact assessment; determinants and consequences of internal / international migration; urbanization and migration in developed and developing countries; processes of sub – urbanization; rural urban continuum.
Theories of migration, pull and push factors, Lee’s theory of migration; Ravenstein’s Law of migration. Peterson’s typology; Stouffer’s model of Intervening opportunities and competing migrants; gravity models; Harris – Todaro Model of Migration.
2. Settlements
Human Settlements : Classification, Evolution and Growth; Morphology, Landuse and Functions; Spatial Organisation; Principles of Centrality and Hierarchy; Methods of measuring centrality and hierarchy; Central Place Region.
3. Human Ecology
Classical and modern views on the subject; human ecological processes ( e.g., concentration – dispersion dichotomy, centripetal – centrifugal forces ) and their role in shaping human ecological organisation.
Human ecological organizations : Physical, socio – economic, cultural; formal / non – formal.
Ecological imbalance and strategies to combat it :
Ecological imbalances caused by natural factors; human factors; impact on human ecological systems; man’s perception and adjustment to such imbalances; sustainable population and sustainable settlements in the context of a regional ecosystem.
( Elective Course – 3 ) ( Population, Development and Environment )
1. UGC NET Population
Divergent views regarding the relationship between population and economic development.
- Is population growth an obstacle to economic development? Coale & Hoover study, Limits to growth study, Enke’s investment model approach.
- Population growth is conducive to economic development – views of Colin Clark, Estner Boserup, Julian Simon.
- ‘Development is the best contraceptive’ – Bucharest’ controversy.
Changing Concept of Development – Emphasis on Equality – towards human centered development – welfare approach – investment in human capital approach, Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), Human Development Index (HDI).
3. UGC NET Environment
Population and development impact on natural resources and the environment. Land degradation, deforestation, air and water pollution, global warming biodiversity. Impact on quality of life – health, employment, urbanization, poverty, housing, transport, safe drinking water, sanitation, etc. Population, environment and sustainable development.
( Elective Course – 4 ) ( Family Welfare Program in India )
- Historical Evolution of the Program : 1952 through current period.
- Organizational Structure – Subcentre, Primary Health Centre, Community Health Centre, District and State Centre.
- Program Service Infrastructure :
- Service Units Services
- Quality of Services
- Personnel
- Components and Services
- Ante – Natal Care
- Natal Care
- Post – Natal Care
- Family Planning
- Immunization
- Diarrhoea
- Acute Respiratory Infection
- RTI / STD
- MTP
- Family Planning Methods : Advantages / disadvantages, effectiveness.
- Program Achievement, Program goals in NPP – 2000.
- Evaluation of FW Program and data requirement.
- Management Information System.
- Indicators based on service statistics : Acceptance rates, percentage needs met, Couple protection rate.
- Periodic Surveys : National Sample Surveys, Ad hoc Surveys and indicators used for assessment.
- Sample Registration System.
- Census.
POPULATION STUDIES ANSWER KEYS
1. The population of a country will increase when
(A) Birth rates and death rates are high
(B) Birth rates and death rates are low
(C) Birth rates are high and death rates are low
(D) Birth rates are low and death rates are high
Ans: C
2. According to the Sample Registration Bulletin December 2011, which among the following States has lowest infant morality rate?
(A) Kerala
(B) Goa
(C) Manipur
(D) Tripura
Ans: B
3. Which State among the following has shown highest death rate as per SRS Bulletin December 2011?
(A) Goa
(B) Himachal Pradesh
(C) Nagaland
(D) Meghalaya
Ans: D
4. Among the following States, which has highest percentage decadal growth rate during the 2001 – 2011?
(A) Arunachal Pradesh
(B) Bihar
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Madhya Pradesh
Ans: A
5. As per 2011 Census of India, which is the overall sex ratio of the country’s population?
(A) 820
(B) 840
(C) 920
(D) 940
Ans: D
6. Which one of the following formula gives doubling time (t) of a given population?
(A) t =(log2)/r
(B) t =(loge2)/r
(C) t =(loge2)/2r
(D) t =(log2)/2r
Ans: B
7. Which among the following rate is referred as probabilistic rate?
(A) Migration rate
(B) Crude death rate
(C) Marriage rate
(D) Crude birth rate
Ans: C
8. Which among the following is not a non-probability sampling?
(A) Accidental Sampling
(B) Purposive Sampling
(C) Quota Sampling
(D) Simple Random Sampling
Ans: D
9. Which among the following measure was used by ‘Rele’ for fertility estimate?
(A) Reverse Survival Method
(B) Child Woman Ratio
(C) Parity Ratio Methods of Fertility
(D) P/F Ratio
Ans: B
10. Death rates are standardized to
(A) Eliminate the differential influence of one or more variables.
(B) Obtain an estimate of the ideal rates.
(C) Correct under registration of deaths.
(D) Obtain correct estimate of actual rate.
Ans: A
11. What is population momentum?
(A) Tendency of a population to continue to decline after replacement level of fertility has been achieved.
(B) Tendency of a population to continue to grow after replacement level of fertility has been achieved.
(C) Tendency of population to move up and down after reaching replacement level of fertility.
(D) It is same as population stabilization.
Ans: B
12. Which among the North-Eastern States of India has the highest infant mortality rate during 2005 – 2006?
(A) Nagaland
(B) Tripura
(C) Meghalaya
(D) Sikkim
Ans: B
13. Which among the North-Eastern States of India has the highest literacy level as per 2011 Census?
(A) Tripura
(B) Mizoram
(C) Meghalaya
(D) Manipur
Ans: B
14. What is the estimated share of disabled persons in India according to 2001 Census?
(A) Less than 2%
(B) Less than 10%
(C) Less than 15%
(D) Less than 5%
Ans: A
15. Arrange the following States in descending order of child sex ratio according to 2011 Census?
(i) Maharashtra
(ii) Gujarat
(iii) Manipur
(iv) Andhra Pradesh
Codes:
(A) (iv), (iii), (i), (ii)
(B) (ii), (iii), (i), (iv)
(C) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)
(D) (iv), (i), (iii), (iv)
Ans: A
16. The mean length of generation is affected by
(A) Age specific fertility rate and reproductive span of women.
(B) Gross reproduction rate and average age of women giving birth.
(C) Overall fertility and mortality levels and the proportional distribution of fertility into eachage specific rate.
(D) Survival of female babies born to those mothers and age of their marriage.
Ans: C
17. In intermediate variables frame work developed by Davis and Blake which among the following is not “Intercourse variable”?
(A) Age of entry into sexual union.
(B) Permanent Celibacy: Proportion of women never entering sexual union.
(C) When unions are broken by divorce, separation or desertion.
(D) Foetal mortality from involuntary causes.
Ans: D
18. Which one of the following is not matched correctly?
(A) Average age of child: Length o fgeneration
(B) A group of people related to marriage or adoption: Household
(C) Net Reproduction (NRR) equal to unity: Replacement level
(D) A married woman having no birth: Zero parity
Ans: A
19. Which one among the following term refers to number of children an average woman can bear in her reproductive span?
(A) Fertility
(B) Fecundity
(C) Real birth rate
(D) Crude death rate
Ans: B
20. If sex ratio of birth is constant at 1.05, then the Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) can be calculated using Total Fertility Rate (TFR) by the formula
(A) GRR = (1.00 TFR) /1.05
(B) GRR = 1.00 / (1.05 TFR)
(C) GRR = (1.00 TFR) / 2.05
(D) GRR = 1.00 / (2.05 TFR)
Ans: C
21. Which one of the following statements is least accurate as they relate to life expectancy?
(A) Life expectancy in some countries has actually dropped over the past two decades.
(B) Life expectancy in Japan is about five percent longer than in the United States of America.
(C) Life expectancy in the United States of America for people born in 2002 is about 77.3 years.
(D) Life expectancy is by nation and varies insignificantly based on race or sex.
Ans: D
22. Who are the two early conflict theorists who refuted the Malthusian Theory, because they recognized that farming could match food supply needs of population?
(A) Edwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey
(B) Robert Merton and Michael Burraway
(C) Auguste Comte and Henri Saint Simon
(D) Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels
Ans: D
23. If country A has a higher life expectancy than country B, but A has higher crude death rate, it is likely that
(A) A’s population is younger than that of B.
(B) A’s population is older than that of B.
(C) A’s population has a high infant mortality rate.
(D) None of the above is probable.
Ans: A
24. The death rate of a stationary life table is 10, then what would be life expectancy among the following?
(A) 65 years
(B) 100 years
(C) 50 years
(D) 75 years
Ans: B
25. Assertion (A): Fertility transition in the Southern States of India has been found relatively faster as compared with the transition taking place in Northern States.
Reason (R): This is due to relatively higher female empowerment in the Southern States as compared with the empowerment of the women in the Northern States.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and(R) is correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but(R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
26. Which among the following does not explain the law of urbanization?
(A) Push and Pull factors
(B) Dispersal and Segregation
(C) Distance-Decay function
(D) Laws of gravity
Ans: B
27. Assertion (A): International Migration leads to rise in productivity in both the sending and receiving countries.
Reason (R): Emigrants are receiving better wages.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of(A).
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false and (R) is true.
Ans: A
28. Which of the following countries has the highest out migration of the nursing professionals?
(A) The Philippines
(B) Pakistan
(C) Bhutan
(D) India
Ans: A
29. Which of the following did not give a model of city structure?
(A) Homer Hoyt
(B) E.W. Burgess
(C) Harris and Ullman
(D) Michael &Todaro
Ans: D
30. Match the demographers in List – I with their contributions in List – II:
List – I List – II
a. Enke i. The Limits to Growth Theory
b. Easterlin ii. Cost-benefit Analysis
c. Liebenstein iii. Cn-Cd Framework
d. Meadows iv. Demographic Transition Theory
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii iii iv i
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) ii iii i iv
(D) iv ii iii i
Ans: A
31. Which of the following is known for his contribution towards theorising social composition of population?
(A) Goldsteen and Sly
(B) Shyrock and Siegal
(C) Talcott Parsons
(D) D.J. Bogue
Ans: C
32. In which stage of industrialization given below the fourth stage (4) of Demographic Transition Theory would occur?
(A) Advanced Industrialization and Urbanization stage
(B) Pre-industrial stage
(C) Early Industrial stage
(D) Post-industrial stage
Ans: A
33. Match an item from List – I with an item from List – II:
List – I List – II
a. Theory of Stable Population i. William Brass
b. Singulate Meanage at marriage ii. Lotka
c. Intermediate variable framework iii. Hajnal
d. P/F Ratio iv. Davis and Blake
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i iii ii iv
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) ii iii iv i
(D) iii ii i iv
Ans: C
34. What is the main reason for the loss of bio-diversity in the mountains?
(i) Indigenous population’s indiscriminate felling of trees and animal hunting.
(ii) Poaching and wood-cutting by outside contractors.
(iii) Natural calamities.
(iv) Large scale mining and laying down of road and railway network.
Codes:
(A) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(B) (i), (ii), (iii)
(C) (ii), (iv)
(D) (i), (iii)
Ans: C
35. Match List – I with List – II:
List – I List – II
(Major Air Pollutant) (Sources)
a. Carbonmonoxide i. Incomplete fuel combination (e.g. two stroke engine).
b. Sulphurdioxide ii. Smoke from domestic, industrial and vehicular sources.
c. Oxidants and ozone iii. Emissions from motor vehicles, photochemical reactions of nitrogen oxide sand reactive hydrocarbons.
d. Lead iv. Emission from motor vehicles.
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iv iii
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) i iii ii iv
(D) ii iii iv i
Ans: B
36. At what rate tropical forests are vanishing annually in the world?
(A) 15 million hectares
(B) 13 million hectares
(C) 17 million hectares
(D) 19 million hectares
Ans: C
37. Match item in List – I with an item from List – II:
List – I List – II
a. Capital Goods i. A pattern of behaviour with a particular position in a group.
b. National Income ii. A group with common distinct culture.
c. Role iii. Means of production.
d. Society iv. Money value of all goods and services in a country in a year.
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) iii iv i ii
(C) i ii iv iii
(D) ii iii iv i
Ans: D
38. Assertion (A): Fertility is declining in non-contraceptive population.
Reason (R): Better empowerment of women in the country.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and(R) is the correct explanation of(A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of(A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
39. Assertion (A): Sustainable development is not an achievable goal in India.
Reason (R): Skewed resource use, high population growth and growing purchasing power are deterrents towards sustainable development.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
40. The concept of a ‘bio village’ involves
(i) Human centred development.
(ii) Improvement of land and water quality.
(iii) Improvement in the income of farmers.
(iv) Improvement in transport and communication.
Choose the correct combination:
(A) (i), (ii), (iii)
(B) (ii), (iii), (iv)
(C) (i), (iii), (iv)
(D) (i), (ii)
Ans: A
41. Which of the following is not a measure of socio-economic status?
(A) Physical Quality of Life Index
(B) Human Development Index
(C) Gender Empowerment Measure
(D) Body Mass Index
Ans: D
42. Which one of the following is not a spacing method of family planning?
(A) Hormonal Method
(B) Barrier Method
(C) Vasectomy
(D) Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Ans: C
43. In which year, the Government of India launched the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme?
(A) 1994
(B) 1995
(C) 1996
(D) 1993
Ans: B
44. Which of the following countries is promoting larger families because of ageing population and low fertility rate?
(A) India
(B) France
(C) United States of America
(D) China
Ans: B
45. Which one amongst the following is not a Millennium Development Goal?
(A) Improve Maternal Health
(B) Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
(C) Ensure Environmental Sustainability
(D) Develop a Local Partnership for Development
Ans: D
Based on the following table, answer Question Nos. 46 – 50:
Table: Poverty levels for Major Indian States 1973 – 74 to 2004 – 05
State 1973 – 74 1993 – 94 2004 – 05
1. Andhra Pradesh 48.86 22.19 15.8
2. Assam 51.21 40.86 19.7
3. Bihar 61.91 54.96 41.1
4. Gujarat 48.15 24.21 16.8
5. Haryana 35.36 25.05 14.0
6. Karnataka 54.47 33.16 25.0
7. Kerala 59.79 25.43 15.0
8. Madhya Pradesh 61.78 42.52 39.0
9. Maharashtra 53.24 36.86 30.7
10. Orissa 66.18 48.56 46.4
11. Punjab 28.15 11.77 8.4
12. Rajasthan 46.14 22.41 22.1
13. Tamil Nadu 54.94 35.03 22.5
14. Uttar Pradesh 57.07 40.85 33.1
15. West Bengal 63.43 35.66 24.7
46. Arrange the following States in ascending order (from low to high) in terms of poverty level for the year 1993-94:
(i) Andhra Pradesh
(ii) Gujarat
(iii) Karnataka
(iv) Punjab
Codes:
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) iv i ii iii
(C) ii iii iv i
(D) iv iii i ii
Ans: B
47. Which of the following States showed highest level of poverty during the year 1973-74?
(A) Kerala
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Orissa
(D) West Bengal
Ans: C
48. Which State among the following has shown lowest poverty in Indian States during 2004 05?
(A) Haryana
(B) Punjab
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Assam
Ans: B
49. Arrange the following States in descending (high to low) order of level of poverty during
2004-05:
(i) Andhra Pradesh
(ii) Punjab
(iii) Kerala
(iv) Haryana
Codes:
(A) iii ii iv i
(B) ii iii i iv
(C) iv i ii iii
(D) i iii iv ii
Ans: D
50. Which of the following State has shown drastic decline in poverty from the year 1973-74 to 2004-05?
(A) Kerala
(B) Punjab
(C) Karnataka
(D) Andhra Pradesh
Ans: B
(A) Birth rates and death rates are high
(B) Birth rates and death rates are low
(C) Birth rates are high and death rates are low
(D) Birth rates are low and death rates are high
Ans: C
2. According to the Sample Registration Bulletin December 2011, which among the following States has lowest infant morality rate?
(A) Kerala
(B) Goa
(C) Manipur
(D) Tripura
Ans: B
3. Which State among the following has shown highest death rate as per SRS Bulletin December 2011?
(A) Goa
(B) Himachal Pradesh
(C) Nagaland
(D) Meghalaya
Ans: D
4. Among the following States, which has highest percentage decadal growth rate during the 2001 – 2011?
(A) Arunachal Pradesh
(B) Bihar
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Madhya Pradesh
Ans: A
5. As per 2011 Census of India, which is the overall sex ratio of the country’s population?
(A) 820
(B) 840
(C) 920
(D) 940
Ans: D
6. Which one of the following formula gives doubling time (t) of a given population?
(A) t =(log2)/r
(B) t =(loge2)/r
(C) t =(loge2)/2r
(D) t =(log2)/2r
Ans: B
7. Which among the following rate is referred as probabilistic rate?
(A) Migration rate
(B) Crude death rate
(C) Marriage rate
(D) Crude birth rate
Ans: C
8. Which among the following is not a non-probability sampling?
(A) Accidental Sampling
(B) Purposive Sampling
(C) Quota Sampling
(D) Simple Random Sampling
Ans: D
9. Which among the following measure was used by ‘Rele’ for fertility estimate?
(A) Reverse Survival Method
(B) Child Woman Ratio
(C) Parity Ratio Methods of Fertility
(D) P/F Ratio
Ans: B
10. Death rates are standardized to
(A) Eliminate the differential influence of one or more variables.
(B) Obtain an estimate of the ideal rates.
(C) Correct under registration of deaths.
(D) Obtain correct estimate of actual rate.
Ans: A
11. What is population momentum?
(A) Tendency of a population to continue to decline after replacement level of fertility has been achieved.
(B) Tendency of a population to continue to grow after replacement level of fertility has been achieved.
(C) Tendency of population to move up and down after reaching replacement level of fertility.
(D) It is same as population stabilization.
Ans: B
12. Which among the North-Eastern States of India has the highest infant mortality rate during 2005 – 2006?
(A) Nagaland
(B) Tripura
(C) Meghalaya
(D) Sikkim
Ans: B
13. Which among the North-Eastern States of India has the highest literacy level as per 2011 Census?
(A) Tripura
(B) Mizoram
(C) Meghalaya
(D) Manipur
Ans: B
14. What is the estimated share of disabled persons in India according to 2001 Census?
(A) Less than 2%
(B) Less than 10%
(C) Less than 15%
(D) Less than 5%
Ans: A
15. Arrange the following States in descending order of child sex ratio according to 2011 Census?
(i) Maharashtra
(ii) Gujarat
(iii) Manipur
(iv) Andhra Pradesh
Codes:
(A) (iv), (iii), (i), (ii)
(B) (ii), (iii), (i), (iv)
(C) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)
(D) (iv), (i), (iii), (iv)
Ans: A
16. The mean length of generation is affected by
(A) Age specific fertility rate and reproductive span of women.
(B) Gross reproduction rate and average age of women giving birth.
(C) Overall fertility and mortality levels and the proportional distribution of fertility into eachage specific rate.
(D) Survival of female babies born to those mothers and age of their marriage.
Ans: C
17. In intermediate variables frame work developed by Davis and Blake which among the following is not “Intercourse variable”?
(A) Age of entry into sexual union.
(B) Permanent Celibacy: Proportion of women never entering sexual union.
(C) When unions are broken by divorce, separation or desertion.
(D) Foetal mortality from involuntary causes.
Ans: D
18. Which one of the following is not matched correctly?
(A) Average age of child: Length o fgeneration
(B) A group of people related to marriage or adoption: Household
(C) Net Reproduction (NRR) equal to unity: Replacement level
(D) A married woman having no birth: Zero parity
Ans: A
19. Which one among the following term refers to number of children an average woman can bear in her reproductive span?
(A) Fertility
(B) Fecundity
(C) Real birth rate
(D) Crude death rate
Ans: B
20. If sex ratio of birth is constant at 1.05, then the Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) can be calculated using Total Fertility Rate (TFR) by the formula
(A) GRR = (1.00 TFR) /1.05
(B) GRR = 1.00 / (1.05 TFR)
(C) GRR = (1.00 TFR) / 2.05
(D) GRR = 1.00 / (2.05 TFR)
Ans: C
21. Which one of the following statements is least accurate as they relate to life expectancy?
(A) Life expectancy in some countries has actually dropped over the past two decades.
(B) Life expectancy in Japan is about five percent longer than in the United States of America.
(C) Life expectancy in the United States of America for people born in 2002 is about 77.3 years.
(D) Life expectancy is by nation and varies insignificantly based on race or sex.
Ans: D
22. Who are the two early conflict theorists who refuted the Malthusian Theory, because they recognized that farming could match food supply needs of population?
(A) Edwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey
(B) Robert Merton and Michael Burraway
(C) Auguste Comte and Henri Saint Simon
(D) Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels
Ans: D
23. If country A has a higher life expectancy than country B, but A has higher crude death rate, it is likely that
(A) A’s population is younger than that of B.
(B) A’s population is older than that of B.
(C) A’s population has a high infant mortality rate.
(D) None of the above is probable.
Ans: A
24. The death rate of a stationary life table is 10, then what would be life expectancy among the following?
(A) 65 years
(B) 100 years
(C) 50 years
(D) 75 years
Ans: B
25. Assertion (A): Fertility transition in the Southern States of India has been found relatively faster as compared with the transition taking place in Northern States.
Reason (R): This is due to relatively higher female empowerment in the Southern States as compared with the empowerment of the women in the Northern States.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and(R) is correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but(R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
26. Which among the following does not explain the law of urbanization?
(A) Push and Pull factors
(B) Dispersal and Segregation
(C) Distance-Decay function
(D) Laws of gravity
Ans: B
27. Assertion (A): International Migration leads to rise in productivity in both the sending and receiving countries.
Reason (R): Emigrants are receiving better wages.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of(A).
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false and (R) is true.
Ans: A
28. Which of the following countries has the highest out migration of the nursing professionals?
(A) The Philippines
(B) Pakistan
(C) Bhutan
(D) India
Ans: A
29. Which of the following did not give a model of city structure?
(A) Homer Hoyt
(B) E.W. Burgess
(C) Harris and Ullman
(D) Michael &Todaro
Ans: D
30. Match the demographers in List – I with their contributions in List – II:
List – I List – II
a. Enke i. The Limits to Growth Theory
b. Easterlin ii. Cost-benefit Analysis
c. Liebenstein iii. Cn-Cd Framework
d. Meadows iv. Demographic Transition Theory
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii iii iv i
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) ii iii i iv
(D) iv ii iii i
Ans: A
31. Which of the following is known for his contribution towards theorising social composition of population?
(A) Goldsteen and Sly
(B) Shyrock and Siegal
(C) Talcott Parsons
(D) D.J. Bogue
Ans: C
32. In which stage of industrialization given below the fourth stage (4) of Demographic Transition Theory would occur?
(A) Advanced Industrialization and Urbanization stage
(B) Pre-industrial stage
(C) Early Industrial stage
(D) Post-industrial stage
Ans: A
33. Match an item from List – I with an item from List – II:
List – I List – II
a. Theory of Stable Population i. William Brass
b. Singulate Meanage at marriage ii. Lotka
c. Intermediate variable framework iii. Hajnal
d. P/F Ratio iv. Davis and Blake
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i iii ii iv
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) ii iii iv i
(D) iii ii i iv
Ans: C
34. What is the main reason for the loss of bio-diversity in the mountains?
(i) Indigenous population’s indiscriminate felling of trees and animal hunting.
(ii) Poaching and wood-cutting by outside contractors.
(iii) Natural calamities.
(iv) Large scale mining and laying down of road and railway network.
Codes:
(A) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(B) (i), (ii), (iii)
(C) (ii), (iv)
(D) (i), (iii)
Ans: C
35. Match List – I with List – II:
List – I List – II
(Major Air Pollutant) (Sources)
a. Carbonmonoxide i. Incomplete fuel combination (e.g. two stroke engine).
b. Sulphurdioxide ii. Smoke from domestic, industrial and vehicular sources.
c. Oxidants and ozone iii. Emissions from motor vehicles, photochemical reactions of nitrogen oxide sand reactive hydrocarbons.
d. Lead iv. Emission from motor vehicles.
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iv iii
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) i iii ii iv
(D) ii iii iv i
Ans: B
36. At what rate tropical forests are vanishing annually in the world?
(A) 15 million hectares
(B) 13 million hectares
(C) 17 million hectares
(D) 19 million hectares
Ans: C
37. Match item in List – I with an item from List – II:
List – I List – II
a. Capital Goods i. A pattern of behaviour with a particular position in a group.
b. National Income ii. A group with common distinct culture.
c. Role iii. Means of production.
d. Society iv. Money value of all goods and services in a country in a year.
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) iii iv i ii
(C) i ii iv iii
(D) ii iii iv i
Ans: D
38. Assertion (A): Fertility is declining in non-contraceptive population.
Reason (R): Better empowerment of women in the country.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and(R) is the correct explanation of(A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of(A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
39. Assertion (A): Sustainable development is not an achievable goal in India.
Reason (R): Skewed resource use, high population growth and growing purchasing power are deterrents towards sustainable development.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
40. The concept of a ‘bio village’ involves
(i) Human centred development.
(ii) Improvement of land and water quality.
(iii) Improvement in the income of farmers.
(iv) Improvement in transport and communication.
Choose the correct combination:
(A) (i), (ii), (iii)
(B) (ii), (iii), (iv)
(C) (i), (iii), (iv)
(D) (i), (ii)
Ans: A
41. Which of the following is not a measure of socio-economic status?
(A) Physical Quality of Life Index
(B) Human Development Index
(C) Gender Empowerment Measure
(D) Body Mass Index
Ans: D
42. Which one of the following is not a spacing method of family planning?
(A) Hormonal Method
(B) Barrier Method
(C) Vasectomy
(D) Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Ans: C
43. In which year, the Government of India launched the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme?
(A) 1994
(B) 1995
(C) 1996
(D) 1993
Ans: B
44. Which of the following countries is promoting larger families because of ageing population and low fertility rate?
(A) India
(B) France
(C) United States of America
(D) China
Ans: B
45. Which one amongst the following is not a Millennium Development Goal?
(A) Improve Maternal Health
(B) Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
(C) Ensure Environmental Sustainability
(D) Develop a Local Partnership for Development
Ans: D
Based on the following table, answer Question Nos. 46 – 50:
Table: Poverty levels for Major Indian States 1973 – 74 to 2004 – 05
State 1973 – 74 1993 – 94 2004 – 05
1. Andhra Pradesh 48.86 22.19 15.8
2. Assam 51.21 40.86 19.7
3. Bihar 61.91 54.96 41.1
4. Gujarat 48.15 24.21 16.8
5. Haryana 35.36 25.05 14.0
6. Karnataka 54.47 33.16 25.0
7. Kerala 59.79 25.43 15.0
8. Madhya Pradesh 61.78 42.52 39.0
9. Maharashtra 53.24 36.86 30.7
10. Orissa 66.18 48.56 46.4
11. Punjab 28.15 11.77 8.4
12. Rajasthan 46.14 22.41 22.1
13. Tamil Nadu 54.94 35.03 22.5
14. Uttar Pradesh 57.07 40.85 33.1
15. West Bengal 63.43 35.66 24.7
46. Arrange the following States in ascending order (from low to high) in terms of poverty level for the year 1993-94:
(i) Andhra Pradesh
(ii) Gujarat
(iii) Karnataka
(iv) Punjab
Codes:
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) iv i ii iii
(C) ii iii iv i
(D) iv iii i ii
Ans: B
47. Which of the following States showed highest level of poverty during the year 1973-74?
(A) Kerala
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Orissa
(D) West Bengal
Ans: C
48. Which State among the following has shown lowest poverty in Indian States during 2004 05?
(A) Haryana
(B) Punjab
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Assam
Ans: B
49. Arrange the following States in descending (high to low) order of level of poverty during
2004-05:
(i) Andhra Pradesh
(ii) Punjab
(iii) Kerala
(iv) Haryana
Codes:
(A) iii ii iv i
(B) ii iii i iv
(C) iv i ii iii
(D) i iii iv ii
Ans: D
50. Which of the following State has shown drastic decline in poverty from the year 1973-74 to 2004-05?
(A) Kerala
(B) Punjab
(C) Karnataka
(D) Andhra Pradesh
Ans: B
51. Which is the only gas that can absorb Sun’s dangerous ultraviolet radiation?
(A) Nitrous oxide
(B) Carbon dioxide
(C) Ozone
(D) Nitrogen
Ans: C
52. Which of the following affects the carrying capacity of an environment?
(a) Biotic factors
(b) Abiotic factors
(c) Technical advances
Codes:
(A) (a) only
(B) (a), (b) only
(C) (a), (c) only
(D) (a), (b) and (c) only
Ans: D
53. IPCC stands for
(A) Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change
(B) Inter-personal Communication Centre
(C) International Panel for Climate Change
(D) Indian Programme on Climate Change
Ans: A
54. In India, the percentage of households without toilet facilities is approximately
(A) 30 to 40 %
(B) 41 to 50%
(C) 51 to 60%
(D) 61 to 70%
Ans: C
55. Brass Fertility Model used _______Degree Polynomial Method.
(A) First
(B) Second
(C) Third
(D) Fourth
Ans: A
56. The last International Conference on Climate Change was held in
(A) Denmark
(B) Johannesburg
(C) Copenhagen
(D) New Delhi
Ans: C
57. Agenda 21 of 1992 Earth Summit focussed on:
(A) Sustainable Mountain Development
(B) Sustainable Agricultural Development
(C) Sustainable Human Development
(D) Sustainable Development of Natural Resources
Ans: A
58. Among the following who is of the opinion that ‘Children are consumer durables’:
(A) Liebenstein
(B) Easterlin
(C) Bectev
(D) Caldwell
Ans: C
59. The density of population in India is approximately
(A) 200 to 250 persons per sq. km.
(B) 251 to 300 persons per sq. km.
(C) 301 to 350 persons per sq. km.
(D) 351 to 400 persons per sq. km.
Ans: D
60. Which of the following is not a characteristic of sustainable society?
(A) Relies heavily on fossil fuels
(B) Protects biological species from extinction
(C) Practices resource Conservation
(D) Recycles whenever possible
Ans: A
61. Which of the following brought the term ‘Sustainable development’ into common use?
(A) The United States Forest Service
(B) The United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development
(C) The United Nations Conference on Environment and Economy, held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992
(D) The United States Environmental Protection Agency
Ans: B
62. Match List – I with List – II:
List – I List – II
(Millennium Development Goals) Targets Progress
a. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger i. Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar per day
b. Reduce Child Mortality ii. Reduce two thirds between1990 and 2015; the under five mortality
c. Improve Maternal Health iii. Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
d. Ensure Environmental sustainability iv. Integrate the principle of sustainable development into country’s policies and programmes and loss of environmental resources
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) ii iii iv i
(C) iii iv i ii
(D) iv i ii iii
Ans: A
63. Nutritional Status can be measured by
(A) Stunting, wasting and underweight
(B) Stunting, wasting and food intake
(C) Stunting, Vitamin A doses and underweight
(D) Height, weight and BMI
Ans: A
64. Assertion (A): Hospitals are equipped with medical technology and expertise for treatment of disease.
Reason (R): Treatment need not necessarily take place in a hospital environment.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and(R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct and(R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
65. Where was the first complete Census at regular intervals undertaken in the world and in 1665 A.D.?
(A) Untied States of America
(B) England
(C) Germany
(D) New France (Quebec) and Acadie (Nova Scotia)
Ans: D
66. Match the List – I describing various Committees with List – II describing Recommendations of Committees:
List – I List – II
a. Bhore Committee i. Strengthening of referral linkages
b. Jungwala Committee ii. Integration of health services
c. Mudaliar Committee iii. Training in preventive and social medicine to prepare social physicians
d. Mukherjee Committee iv. Recruitment of additional staff for effective implementation of health services
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv iii i ii
(B) iii ii i iv
(C) i iii iv ii
(D) ii iii iv i
Ans: B
67. Which countries are members of ‘Partner’s in Population of Development’?
(A) China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan
(B) China, Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, India
(C) Indonesia, Thailand, India, China, Nepal
(D) India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan, Myanmar
Ans: B
68. Match the following wastes with the source of their generation:
List – I List – II
a. Solid waste i. Glass Industry
b. Liquid affluent ii. Petrochemical Industries
c. Noxious gases iii. Domestic Garbage
d. Ash iv. Leather Processing Units
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv ii iii i
(B) iii iv ii i
(C) i iii ii iv
(D) iv iii ii i
Ans: B
69. Match List – I with List – II:
List – I List – II
a. Land-use Theory i. Lösch
b. Concentric Zone Theory ii. Harris & Ullman
c. Multiple Nucleic Theory iii. Burgess
d. Central Place Theory iv. Von Thunen
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv iii ii i
(B) iii i iv ii
(C) ii iii i iv
(D) i ii iii iv
Ans: A
70. In Christaller’s Theory of Central Places, K7 refers to
(A) Market Principle
(B) Transport Principle
(C) Administrative Principle
(D) Market & Administrative Principles Combined
Ans: C
71. The Centrality of a Central Place is considered in terms of its
(A) Geographical location
(B) Types of Functions
(C) Size of Population
(D) All the above
Ans: B
72. Assertion (A): The gravitational potential of a city is determined by the combined impact of centripetal and centrifugal forces.
Reason (R): Cities are endowed with multifunctional character.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
73. Assertion (A): In Central Place Theory, ‘hexagonal region’ is considered as the optimum for functional linkages.
Reason (R): Transport connectively is important for maintaining inter-settlement linkages.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct interpretation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct interpretation of (A).
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
74. ‘Rural-Urban Continuum’ of a city connotes:
(A) Spatial continuity of city’s activities beyond its administrative boundary
(B) Agglomeration of city’s Central Functions in the peripheral area.
(C) The new CBD of the city.
(D) A highly densely populated neighbourhood.
Ans: A
75. Which one of the following postulates explains Ester Boserup’s view on agricultural innovations and population growth?
(A) Innovation Push & Population Pull
(B) Innovation Pull & Population Push
(C) Innovation Push but Population Unchanged
(D) Population Pull but Innovation Unchanged
Ans: B
76. For calculation of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). The denominator is
(A) Total number of women in reproductive age in given time
(B) Total number of pregnancies in given time.
(C) Total number of live births in given time
(D) Total population in given time
Ans: C
77. For computation of Infant Mortality Rate, the denominator is
(A) Total number of pregnancies in given time
(B) Total number of live births and still births in given time.
(C) Total number of live births in given time.
(D) Total population of areas in given time.
Ans: C
78. Which one of the following States is mostly urbanized?
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Orissa
Ans: C
79. Which one is not the measure of Internal Migration?
(A) Natural Growth Rate Method
(B) Residual Method
(C) Survival rate method
(D) Net Migration rate
Ans: D
80. Which one of the following country does not allow internal migration to its capital town?
(A) India
(B) Indonesia
(C) Malaysia
(D) Thailand
Ans: B
81. When India started using the concept of urban area?
(A) 1951
(B) 1961
(C) 1971
(D) 1981
Ans: C
82. Assertion (A): Class I cities in India have grown faster than small and medium towns.
Reason (R): Due to change in the definition of urban areas.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Ans: C
83. According to Everett which among the following factors are associated with the decision to migrate and the process of migration:
(A) Factors associated with the area of origin
(B) Factors associated with the area of destination
(C) Intervening obstacles
(D) Technological advances
Ans: D
84. Match List – I with List – II
List-I List-II
(a) Fertility and density inversely related (i) Caldwell
(b) Social capillary theory (ii) Saddler
(c) Theory of cultural lag and diffusion (iii) Dumont
(d) Wealth Flow Theory (iv) Besher
Code:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(B) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(C) (i) (iv) (iii) (i)
(D) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
Ans: D
85. Most of the population theories have been emerged in which century?
(A) Seventeenth
(B) Eighteenth
(C) Nineteenth
(D) Twentieth
Ans: B
86. Match List – I with List – II
List-I List-II
(a) Zip’s Model (i) Push and Pull factors
(b) Lee (ii) Rural/urban migration
(c) Todaro (iii) Investment decision (costs and returns)
(d) Sjaastad’s (iv) Gravity Model
Code:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(C) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(D) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
Ans: B
87. According to the latest sample registration bulletin the crude birthrate of India is close to which of the following figure?
(A) 18.00
(B) 20.20
(C) 22.0
(D) 24.0
Ans: C
88. Agricultural Density refers to
(A) Ratio of workers to the farm land
(B) Ratio of farmers to the farm land
(C) Ratio of farmers to workers
(D) All the above
Ans: B
89. Match List – I with List – II
List-I List-II
(Theory) (Propounder)
(a) Transfer of labour from subsistence sector to capitalist sector (i) E. Boserup
(b) Investment at the rate equal to propensity to save (ii) Paul Ehrlich
(c) Innovation /Increase in productivity in the face of population growth (iii) Harrod and Domar
(d) I = PAT (iv) Lewis Growth Model
Code:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(C) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
(D) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
Ans: C
90. Which among the following categories is not in the list of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals?
(A) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
(B) Proximate gender equality and empower women
(C) Ensure environmental sustainability
(D) Right to education
Ans: D
91. Assertion (A): Son preference is high in India.
Reason (R): India is primarily an agrarian country where sons have their importance in extending help and support to their parents in agricultural activities.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct answer of (A).
(C) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Ans: A
92. Assertion (A): The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) has been successful in improving health condition of the poor couples living in the villages.
Reason (R): The Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) are playing significant role in providing health care services to the needy couples.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Ans: A
93. Which of the following is not a natural contraceptive?
(A) Celibacy
(B) IUD
(C) Coitus Interrupts
(D) Periodic Abstinence
Ans: B
94. Which is not part of the Reproductive Child Health Scheme?
(A) 3 Ante Natal check-ups
(B) Institutional Delivery
(C) Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana
(D) Post-partem services
Ans: C
95. Arrange the following in chronological order:
(i) Maternal and Child Health Programme (MCH)
(ii) Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme (CSSM)
(iii) Reproductive and Child Health Programme (RCH)
(iv) National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
(A) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
(C) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
(D) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Ans: D
96. Assertion (A): There is remarkable increase in Institutional delivery during the last five years in India.
Reason (R): Incentive scheme under Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) in NRHM motivated women for Institutional Delivery.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false and (R) is true.
Ans: A
97. All the 191 UN member states have agreed to try to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals by the year
(A) 2000
(B) 2005
(C) 2010
(D) 2015
Ans: C
98. Arrange in Ascending order (Low to High) Population density of the Indian States according to 2011 census
(A) Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, West Bengal & Bihar
(B) Bihar, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh &West Bengal
(C) Kerala, Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh
(D) West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar & Kerala
Ans: A
99. Match List – I with List – II
List-I List-II
(a) Dual system of sample registration areas and surveys (i) Myers
(b) Digit Preference (ii) Whipple
(c) Digit Dislike Index (iii) El. Badry
(d) Non response correction (iv) Chandrasekhar and Dening
Code:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(B) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(C) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
(D) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
Ans: A
100. Match List – I with List – II
List-I List-II
(a) Latin American Model Life Table (i) High death rates at old age compared to younger ages
(b) Chilean Model Life Table (ii) Similar to west model of Coale and Demeney
(c) South Asian model Life Table (iii) Extremely high infant mortality
(d) Far Eastern model Life Table (iv) High Mortality under age 15 and relatively High mortality at older ages
(e) General Pattern of Life Table (v) High mortality during infant and childhood
Code:
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
(B) (v) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(C) (v) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(D) (iv) (iii) (v) (ii) (i)
Ans: B
(A) Nitrous oxide
(B) Carbon dioxide
(C) Ozone
(D) Nitrogen
Ans: C
52. Which of the following affects the carrying capacity of an environment?
(a) Biotic factors
(b) Abiotic factors
(c) Technical advances
Codes:
(A) (a) only
(B) (a), (b) only
(C) (a), (c) only
(D) (a), (b) and (c) only
Ans: D
53. IPCC stands for
(A) Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change
(B) Inter-personal Communication Centre
(C) International Panel for Climate Change
(D) Indian Programme on Climate Change
Ans: A
54. In India, the percentage of households without toilet facilities is approximately
(A) 30 to 40 %
(B) 41 to 50%
(C) 51 to 60%
(D) 61 to 70%
Ans: C
55. Brass Fertility Model used _______Degree Polynomial Method.
(A) First
(B) Second
(C) Third
(D) Fourth
Ans: A
56. The last International Conference on Climate Change was held in
(A) Denmark
(B) Johannesburg
(C) Copenhagen
(D) New Delhi
Ans: C
57. Agenda 21 of 1992 Earth Summit focussed on:
(A) Sustainable Mountain Development
(B) Sustainable Agricultural Development
(C) Sustainable Human Development
(D) Sustainable Development of Natural Resources
Ans: A
58. Among the following who is of the opinion that ‘Children are consumer durables’:
(A) Liebenstein
(B) Easterlin
(C) Bectev
(D) Caldwell
Ans: C
59. The density of population in India is approximately
(A) 200 to 250 persons per sq. km.
(B) 251 to 300 persons per sq. km.
(C) 301 to 350 persons per sq. km.
(D) 351 to 400 persons per sq. km.
Ans: D
60. Which of the following is not a characteristic of sustainable society?
(A) Relies heavily on fossil fuels
(B) Protects biological species from extinction
(C) Practices resource Conservation
(D) Recycles whenever possible
Ans: A
61. Which of the following brought the term ‘Sustainable development’ into common use?
(A) The United States Forest Service
(B) The United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development
(C) The United Nations Conference on Environment and Economy, held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992
(D) The United States Environmental Protection Agency
Ans: B
62. Match List – I with List – II:
List – I List – II
(Millennium Development Goals) Targets Progress
a. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger i. Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar per day
b. Reduce Child Mortality ii. Reduce two thirds between1990 and 2015; the under five mortality
c. Improve Maternal Health iii. Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
d. Ensure Environmental sustainability iv. Integrate the principle of sustainable development into country’s policies and programmes and loss of environmental resources
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) ii iii iv i
(C) iii iv i ii
(D) iv i ii iii
Ans: A
63. Nutritional Status can be measured by
(A) Stunting, wasting and underweight
(B) Stunting, wasting and food intake
(C) Stunting, Vitamin A doses and underweight
(D) Height, weight and BMI
Ans: A
64. Assertion (A): Hospitals are equipped with medical technology and expertise for treatment of disease.
Reason (R): Treatment need not necessarily take place in a hospital environment.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and(R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct and(R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
65. Where was the first complete Census at regular intervals undertaken in the world and in 1665 A.D.?
(A) Untied States of America
(B) England
(C) Germany
(D) New France (Quebec) and Acadie (Nova Scotia)
Ans: D
66. Match the List – I describing various Committees with List – II describing Recommendations of Committees:
List – I List – II
a. Bhore Committee i. Strengthening of referral linkages
b. Jungwala Committee ii. Integration of health services
c. Mudaliar Committee iii. Training in preventive and social medicine to prepare social physicians
d. Mukherjee Committee iv. Recruitment of additional staff for effective implementation of health services
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv iii i ii
(B) iii ii i iv
(C) i iii iv ii
(D) ii iii iv i
Ans: B
67. Which countries are members of ‘Partner’s in Population of Development’?
(A) China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan
(B) China, Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, India
(C) Indonesia, Thailand, India, China, Nepal
(D) India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan, Myanmar
Ans: B
68. Match the following wastes with the source of their generation:
List – I List – II
a. Solid waste i. Glass Industry
b. Liquid affluent ii. Petrochemical Industries
c. Noxious gases iii. Domestic Garbage
d. Ash iv. Leather Processing Units
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv ii iii i
(B) iii iv ii i
(C) i iii ii iv
(D) iv iii ii i
Ans: B
69. Match List – I with List – II:
List – I List – II
a. Land-use Theory i. Lösch
b. Concentric Zone Theory ii. Harris & Ullman
c. Multiple Nucleic Theory iii. Burgess
d. Central Place Theory iv. Von Thunen
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv iii ii i
(B) iii i iv ii
(C) ii iii i iv
(D) i ii iii iv
Ans: A
70. In Christaller’s Theory of Central Places, K7 refers to
(A) Market Principle
(B) Transport Principle
(C) Administrative Principle
(D) Market & Administrative Principles Combined
Ans: C
71. The Centrality of a Central Place is considered in terms of its
(A) Geographical location
(B) Types of Functions
(C) Size of Population
(D) All the above
Ans: B
72. Assertion (A): The gravitational potential of a city is determined by the combined impact of centripetal and centrifugal forces.
Reason (R): Cities are endowed with multifunctional character.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
73. Assertion (A): In Central Place Theory, ‘hexagonal region’ is considered as the optimum for functional linkages.
Reason (R): Transport connectively is important for maintaining inter-settlement linkages.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct interpretation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct interpretation of (A).
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
74. ‘Rural-Urban Continuum’ of a city connotes:
(A) Spatial continuity of city’s activities beyond its administrative boundary
(B) Agglomeration of city’s Central Functions in the peripheral area.
(C) The new CBD of the city.
(D) A highly densely populated neighbourhood.
Ans: A
75. Which one of the following postulates explains Ester Boserup’s view on agricultural innovations and population growth?
(A) Innovation Push & Population Pull
(B) Innovation Pull & Population Push
(C) Innovation Push but Population Unchanged
(D) Population Pull but Innovation Unchanged
Ans: B
76. For calculation of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). The denominator is
(A) Total number of women in reproductive age in given time
(B) Total number of pregnancies in given time.
(C) Total number of live births in given time
(D) Total population in given time
Ans: C
77. For computation of Infant Mortality Rate, the denominator is
(A) Total number of pregnancies in given time
(B) Total number of live births and still births in given time.
(C) Total number of live births in given time.
(D) Total population of areas in given time.
Ans: C
78. Which one of the following States is mostly urbanized?
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Orissa
Ans: C
79. Which one is not the measure of Internal Migration?
(A) Natural Growth Rate Method
(B) Residual Method
(C) Survival rate method
(D) Net Migration rate
Ans: D
80. Which one of the following country does not allow internal migration to its capital town?
(A) India
(B) Indonesia
(C) Malaysia
(D) Thailand
Ans: B
81. When India started using the concept of urban area?
(A) 1951
(B) 1961
(C) 1971
(D) 1981
Ans: C
82. Assertion (A): Class I cities in India have grown faster than small and medium towns.
Reason (R): Due to change in the definition of urban areas.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Ans: C
83. According to Everett which among the following factors are associated with the decision to migrate and the process of migration:
(A) Factors associated with the area of origin
(B) Factors associated with the area of destination
(C) Intervening obstacles
(D) Technological advances
Ans: D
84. Match List – I with List – II
List-I List-II
(a) Fertility and density inversely related (i) Caldwell
(b) Social capillary theory (ii) Saddler
(c) Theory of cultural lag and diffusion (iii) Dumont
(d) Wealth Flow Theory (iv) Besher
Code:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(B) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(C) (i) (iv) (iii) (i)
(D) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
Ans: D
85. Most of the population theories have been emerged in which century?
(A) Seventeenth
(B) Eighteenth
(C) Nineteenth
(D) Twentieth
Ans: B
86. Match List – I with List – II
List-I List-II
(a) Zip’s Model (i) Push and Pull factors
(b) Lee (ii) Rural/urban migration
(c) Todaro (iii) Investment decision (costs and returns)
(d) Sjaastad’s (iv) Gravity Model
Code:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(C) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(D) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
Ans: B
87. According to the latest sample registration bulletin the crude birthrate of India is close to which of the following figure?
(A) 18.00
(B) 20.20
(C) 22.0
(D) 24.0
Ans: C
88. Agricultural Density refers to
(A) Ratio of workers to the farm land
(B) Ratio of farmers to the farm land
(C) Ratio of farmers to workers
(D) All the above
Ans: B
89. Match List – I with List – II
List-I List-II
(Theory) (Propounder)
(a) Transfer of labour from subsistence sector to capitalist sector (i) E. Boserup
(b) Investment at the rate equal to propensity to save (ii) Paul Ehrlich
(c) Innovation /Increase in productivity in the face of population growth (iii) Harrod and Domar
(d) I = PAT (iv) Lewis Growth Model
Code:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(C) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
(D) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
Ans: C
90. Which among the following categories is not in the list of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals?
(A) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
(B) Proximate gender equality and empower women
(C) Ensure environmental sustainability
(D) Right to education
Ans: D
91. Assertion (A): Son preference is high in India.
Reason (R): India is primarily an agrarian country where sons have their importance in extending help and support to their parents in agricultural activities.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct answer of (A).
(C) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Ans: A
92. Assertion (A): The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) has been successful in improving health condition of the poor couples living in the villages.
Reason (R): The Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) are playing significant role in providing health care services to the needy couples.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Ans: A
93. Which of the following is not a natural contraceptive?
(A) Celibacy
(B) IUD
(C) Coitus Interrupts
(D) Periodic Abstinence
Ans: B
94. Which is not part of the Reproductive Child Health Scheme?
(A) 3 Ante Natal check-ups
(B) Institutional Delivery
(C) Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana
(D) Post-partem services
Ans: C
95. Arrange the following in chronological order:
(i) Maternal and Child Health Programme (MCH)
(ii) Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme (CSSM)
(iii) Reproductive and Child Health Programme (RCH)
(iv) National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
(A) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
(C) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
(D) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Ans: D
96. Assertion (A): There is remarkable increase in Institutional delivery during the last five years in India.
Reason (R): Incentive scheme under Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) in NRHM motivated women for Institutional Delivery.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false and (R) is true.
Ans: A
97. All the 191 UN member states have agreed to try to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals by the year
(A) 2000
(B) 2005
(C) 2010
(D) 2015
Ans: C
98. Arrange in Ascending order (Low to High) Population density of the Indian States according to 2011 census
(A) Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, West Bengal & Bihar
(B) Bihar, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh &West Bengal
(C) Kerala, Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh
(D) West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar & Kerala
Ans: A
99. Match List – I with List – II
List-I List-II
(a) Dual system of sample registration areas and surveys (i) Myers
(b) Digit Preference (ii) Whipple
(c) Digit Dislike Index (iii) El. Badry
(d) Non response correction (iv) Chandrasekhar and Dening
Code:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(B) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(C) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
(D) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
Ans: A
100. Match List – I with List – II
List-I List-II
(a) Latin American Model Life Table (i) High death rates at old age compared to younger ages
(b) Chilean Model Life Table (ii) Similar to west model of Coale and Demeney
(c) South Asian model Life Table (iii) Extremely high infant mortality
(d) Far Eastern model Life Table (iv) High Mortality under age 15 and relatively High mortality at older ages
(e) General Pattern of Life Table (v) High mortality during infant and childhood
Code:
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
(B) (v) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(C) (v) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(D) (iv) (iii) (v) (ii) (i)
Ans: B