PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology MCQs
1. Which of the following is not a standard physiological measure of sleep?
(A) Electrooculogram
(B) Electromyogram
(C) Electrocardiogram
(D) Electroencephalogram
Ans: C
2. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer with the help of the given codes.
List – I List – II
p. Multi-store Model 1. Craik and Lockhart
q. Neural Network Model 2. Atkinson and Shiffrin
r. Levels of Processing Model 3. McClleland and Rumelhart
s. Encoding Specificity Principle 4. Tulving
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 4 1 3 2
(B) 1 2 4 3
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 2 3 1 4
Ans: D
3. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Piaget’s concepts) (Description)
p. Centration 1. The assumption that one’s way of thinking is the only possibility.
q. Conservation 2. The ability to undo mentally, an action or operation.
r. Egocentrism 3. Attending to only one aspect of a situation.
s. Reversibility 4. The principle that quantities remain constant under various changes in their appearance.
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 2 4 1 3
(B) 3 1 4 2
(C) 1 2 3 4
(D) 3 4 1 2
Ans: D
4. Read each of the following two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R), and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Strange Situation Test measures child’s attachment with the mother.
Reason (R): The mother and the stranger are also attached.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but(R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: C
5. Choose the right sequence of endocrine system.
(A) Hypothalamus → Cortico releasing hormone → Pancreas → Insulin.
(B) Pituitary gland → Adenocorticotrophic hormone → Adrenal gland → Epinephrine.
(C) Hypothalamus → Adenocorticotrophic hormone → Gonads → Androgens.
(D) Thyroid gland → Cortico releasing hormone → Hypothalamus → Thyroxin.
Ans: B
6. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the code given below:
Assertion (A): The ability to detect a weak stimulus varies from moment to moment.
Reason (R): Because several relatively independent sources affect the observer’s performance.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
7. Which of the following is/are correct in Rogerian therapy?
1. The therapist is supportive and non-directive.
2. It is the client and not the therapist who best understands the problem and in what direction the therapy should proceed.
3. The therapist can sense the client’s tensions and incongruent feelings and reflect them back to the client.
Codes:
(A) Only 1 is correct.
(B) 1 and 2 are correct.
(C) 1 and 3 are correct.
(D) 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
Ans: D
8. What disturbs initiation of sleep most is
(A) Melatonin
(B) Benzodiazepines
(C) Amphetamines
(D) Orexin
Ans: D
9. By what age children are aware of gender stability as per Kohlberg’s theory of the development of gender identity?
(A) 2–3½ years
(B) 3½ – 4½ years
(C) 4½ –7 years
(D) 11–14 years
Ans: B
10. The fifth ego crisis stage given by Erikson, identity versus role confusion, corresponds to which of the Freud’s stages?
(A) Genital
(B) Latency
(C) Phallic
(D) Anal
Ans: A
11. In an experiment the stimuli were presented to the subjects in certain order and after the presentation of stimuli their order was disturbed. In the test phase the subjects were needed to set them in the presented order. Which of the following methods was used in this experiment?(A) Recognition
(B) Relearning
(C) Reconstruction
(D) Recall
Ans: C
12. Match the following items of List-I with List-II and indicate your answer with the help of given code.
List – I List – II
p. Alpha waves 1. .3 to 3 Hz
q. Beta waves 2. 4 to 7 Hz
r. Theta waves 3. 8 to 13 Hz
s. Delta waves 4. 14 to 30 Hz
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 3 4 2 1
(C) 2 3 1 4
(D) 4 1 3 2
Ans: B
13. Given below are two statements, the first labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Surgery is one of the methods to understand brain behaviour relations in humans.
Reason (R): Lesion method destroys part of the brain.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: D
14. Given below are two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): Recent research has shown positive effect of cognitive remediation training on the neuro-cognitive functions as well as the overall functioning of patients with schizophrenia.
Reason (R): Pharmacotherapy alone does not help patients with schizophrenia to function at the highest possible level of their ability.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
15. Which of the following phrase includes imagining how other people see you, judge you, and how you feel about the perceived judgements?
(A) Moral developments
(B) Looking glass-self
(C) Role-taking
(D) Anticipatory socialization
Ans: B
16. One reason that people comply with social pressure is to gain approval or avoid rejection; this is called ______; and so understanding rules for accepted and expected behaviour are called ______.
(A) Social control; norm.
(B) Social influence; rule.
(C) Normative social influence; norm.
(D) Social facilitation; norm.
Ans: C
17. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Researcher name) (Area of Research)
p. Asch 1. Obedience
q. Sherif 2. Conformity
r. Milgram 3. Cognitive Dissonance
s. Festinger 4. Norm Formation
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 2 4 1 3
(B) 2 3 4 1
(C) 1 2 3 4
(D) 4 3 1 2
Ans: A
18. Given below are two statements: Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Indicate your answer using codes given below.
Assertion (A): Religiosity/faith contributes to good mental health.
Reason (R): Specific environment influence beliefs.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
19. Experience of failure followed by ______ cognitions lead to depression. Choose appropriate code.
1. Internal attributions
2. Feeling of controllability
3. Hopelessness
4. Stable attributions
5. Specific attributions
Codes:
(A) 1, 3, 4
(B) 1, 2, 4
(C) 2, 3, 5
(D) 3, 4, 5
Ans: B
20. Read the below given statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) indicate your answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): Written essays evaluating performance is the simplest method of performance evaluation.
Reason (R): The results in such an evaluation may often reflect the ability of the writer.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are false.
Ans: A
21. A guaranteed solution to a problem is provided by
(A) An Algorithm
(B) A Heuristic
(C) A Rule of Thumb
(D) A Rule of Set
Ans: B
22. Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A) and Reason (R).Indicate your answer using codes given below:
Assertion (A): Analyses of disastrous foreign policy decision lead to a problem that cohesive group of decision makes can fall into the trap of ‘group think’.
Reason (R): Members of the group suppress their own dissenting opinions in the interest of group consensus.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
23. The formula for determining Motivational Potential Score (MPS) is
(A) MPS = (Skill variety + Autonomy + Task identity) / 3 × (Task Significance × Feedback.)
(B) MPS = (Skill variety + Task identity + Feedback) / 3 × (Task Significance × Autonomy.)
(C) MPS = (Skill variety + Task significance + Autonomy) / 3 × (Task identity × Feedback.)
(D) MPS = (Skill variety + Task identity + Task significance) / 3 × (Autonomy × Feedback.)
Ans: D
24. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer with the help of the given codes:
List – I List – II
(Leader’s Characteristics) (Description)
p. Drive 1. Desire to influence others to reach shared goals.
q. Leadership Motivation 2. Trust in own abilities.
r. Self Confidence 3. Intelligence; ability to integrate and interpret large amounts of information.
s. Cognitive ability 4. Desire for achievement, ambition, high energy, tenacity and initiative.
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 4 3 2 1
(B) 4 1 2 3
(C) 1 2 3 4
(D) 4 1 3 2
Ans: B
25. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Transactionalists maintain that perception occurs through a learning process of interactions and experience with the environment.
Reason (R): Most contemporary Psychologists hold that some forms of perceptual abilities and mechanisms are available soon after birth.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
26. What do you mean by information processing?
(A) The number of cycles completed within one second.
(B) A presumed mode of attention that concerns the non-temporal information processing demands of a task and its activation shortens temporal awareness.
(C) The process of organising and interpreting sensation into meaningful experiences.
(D) The study of the relation between physical stimulation and subjective experience.
Ans: B
27. Choose the correct sequence of events following prolonged stress given below:
1. Immuno suppression
2. Corticotropin releasing factor
3. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
4. Cortisol
(A) 1 3 4 2
(B) 2 3 4 1
(C) 4 3 2 1
(D) 1 2 3 4
Ans: B
28. In employees performance appraisal BARS is a method of ______ whereas MBO is a method of ______
(A) Past oriented, present performance rating.
(B) Past oriented; future oriented.
(C) Future oriented; past oriented.
(D) Future oriented; present performance rating.
Ans: B
29. In a firm in the last six months 70 to 90 employees have been terminated while 63 applicants have been hired to replace them. This type of strategy is best described
(A) Negative reinforcement
(B) Motivation
(C) Inequity
(D) Churning
Ans: D
30. After identifying the problem of a student, the correct sequence adopted by a counsellor to solve that problem is
1. Generate possible solutions
2. Choose the best solution
3. Evaluate each solution
4. Assess the success/failure of solution
5. Implement the solution
Codes:
(A) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5
(B) 1, 3, 2, 5, 4
(C) 3, 1, 2, 5, 4
(D) 3, 1, 4, 2, 5
Ans: B
31. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Phenomenon) (Psychological term)
p. Logical thinking for abstract concepts. 1. Self- Schema
q. Use of nouns and verbs for omitting auxillary words. 2. Cognitive development
r. Solutions to problems involving psychophysical judgements. 3. Telegraphic speech
s. Cognitive generalization derived from past experience. 4. Signal detection
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 2 3 1 4
(B) 2 3 4 1
(C) 2 4 3 1
(D) 2 4 1 3
Ans: B
32. Give the correct sequence for stages of language development to attain different features, given below:
1. Phonology
2. Semantics
3. Syntax
4. Pragmatics
Codes:
(A) 1, 2, 3, 4
(B) 2, 3, 4, 1
(C) 3, 4, 1, 2
(D) 4, 3, 2, 1
Ans: A
33. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves graphically display
(A) The smallest difference between two stimuli necessary to detect them as different.
(B) The relationship between the proportions of hits and false alarms for constant stimulus intensity.
(C) The magnitude of a sensation as a logarithmic function of the stimulus.
(D) Sensory magnitude is equal to physical intensity raised to a power.
Ans: B
34. Which of the following is not a special facility provided in school for children with special needs?
(A) Resource room
(B) Cooperative teaching
(C) Expository teaching
(D) Collaborative consultation
Ans: C
35. Important indicators of learning disabilities among students are
(A) Poor reading habit, word recognition error, comprehension errors.
(B) Word recognition error, Articulation errors, low mental ability.
(C) Articulation error, comprehension error, impaired vision.
(D) Low mental ability, impaired vision, word recognition error.
Ans: A
36. What are the strategies to improve motivation and learning that can be adopted by a teacher?
1. Fulfill basic requirements and show the value of learning.
2. Show the value of learning and active teaching.
3. Build confidence and positive expectations and help students stay focused.
4. Fulfill basic requirement and active teaching.
Codes:
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 3 and 4
(C) 1 and 3
(D) 2 and 4
Ans: C
37. Which scaling methods employ Law of Comparative Judgment to obtain scale values?
1. Method of successive intervals.
2. Summated ratings method.
3. Magnitude estimation method.
4. Paired comparison method.
Codes:
(A) 4 only
(B) 1 and 4 only
(C) 3 and 4 only
(D) 2 and 3 only
Ans: B
38. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer with the help of given codes.
List – I List – II
(Concept) (Explanation)
p. Primack Principle 1. Exceptional performance by a student as a result of high teacher expectations.
q. Maintenance Rehearsal 2. Retrieval of pieces of information based on their relatedness to one another.
r. Pygmalion Effect 3. Keeping information in working memory by repeating it to you.
s. Activation spreading 4. More preferred activity conserve as a reinforcer for a less preferred activity.
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 4 3 1 2
(B) 1 3 4 2
(C) 2 1 3 4
(D) 1 3 2 4
Ans: A
39. The employer, who referred a case of an employee (client) to a psychologist, requested the psychologist to provide the employee’s test scores and their interpretation.
(A) The psychologist should firmly refuse to comply with this request.
(B) The psychologist should comply with the request after informing the client.
(C) The psychologist should comply with this request if the client agrees to it and gives an informed consent.
(D) The psychologist should comply with this request only if the client shows criminal inclinations.
Ans: C
40. Which of the following is/are considered culture-fair test/s of intelligence?
1. Raven’s Progressive Matrices
2. Cattell’s Culture Fair Test of Intelligence.
3. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales.
4. Goodenough-Harris test
Codes:
(A) 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1, 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 4 only
Ans: D
41. Movements of the vocal apparatus are
(A) Necessary for thinking.
(B) Not necessary for thinking.
(C) Necessary for thinking in some situations.
(D) Both (A) and (C) are correct.
Ans: C
42. Given below are two statements, the first labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): In attitude scaling by Equal Appearing Intervals Method, median is usually employed to obtain scale values.
Reason (R): In normal distribution mean, median and mode are the same.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation.
(C) (A) is true, (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, (R) is true.
Ans: B
43. When previous learning interferes with our memory of later learning it is referred to as
(A) Repression
(B) Proactive interference
(C) Inhibition
(D) Retroactive interference
Ans: B
44. I create paintings and Art works because it gives me a sense of satisfaction and vitality. My Art is primarily promoted by
(A) Discriminatory Rewards
(B) Selective Rewards
(C) Extrinsic Rewards
(D) Intrinsic Rewards
Ans: D
45. The Psychotherapist recommended the procedure of systematic desensitization to Shradda for overcoming her fear of cats. The Psychotherapist recommended
(A) A classical conditioning procedure
(B) An operant conditioning procedure
(C) A delayed conditioning procedure
(D) A backward conditioning procedure
Ans: A
46. The child was given chocolates for putting pegs into the right holes, first after he fitted 20 pegs, then after he fitted 14 pegs and later after he fitted 22 pegs. The reinforcement schedule used in this case is an example of
(A) Variable – Ratio Schedule
(B) Variable – Interval Schedule
(C) Fixed – Interval Schedule
(D) Fixed – Ratio Schedule
Ans: A
47. In type R conditioning the strength of conditioning is shown by ______ whereas in Type S conditioning the strength of conditioning is shown by the ______
(A) Response rate; time to solution.
(B) Time to solution; Response rate.
(C) Response rate; magnitude of conditioned response.
(D) Magnitude of response rate; time to solution.
Ans: C
48. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer by using the codes given below the lists.
List – I List – II
(Phenomenon) (Psychologist)
p. Instrumental conditioning occurs independent of reinforcement. 1. Abraham Amsel
q. Set of reinforcement contingencies 2. Spence
r. Partial Reinforcement Effect (PRE) 3. Hull
s. Fractional anticipatory frustration reaction 4. Skinner
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 3 2 1 4
(B) 2 1 3 4
(C) 2 3 1 4
(D) 2 4 1 3
Ans: D
49. Which one of the following statistic is used for assessing the test-item bias?
(A) Item-remainder correlation
(B) Differential item functioning
(C) Construct validity
(D) Multidimensional scaling
Ans: B
50. Which of the following characteristics best describes Borderline Personality Disorder?
1. Impulsivity and affective instability.
2. Unusual perceptual experiences.
3. Unstable and intense interpersonal relationship.
4. Recurrent suicidal behaviour or gesture.
5. Preoccupation with details and rules.
Codes:
(A) 1, 2 and 5
(B) 2, 4 and 5
(C) 2, 3 and 5
(D) 1, 3 and 4
Ans: D
(A) Electrooculogram
(B) Electromyogram
(C) Electrocardiogram
(D) Electroencephalogram
Ans: C
2. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer with the help of the given codes.
List – I List – II
p. Multi-store Model 1. Craik and Lockhart
q. Neural Network Model 2. Atkinson and Shiffrin
r. Levels of Processing Model 3. McClleland and Rumelhart
s. Encoding Specificity Principle 4. Tulving
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 4 1 3 2
(B) 1 2 4 3
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 2 3 1 4
Ans: D
3. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Piaget’s concepts) (Description)
p. Centration 1. The assumption that one’s way of thinking is the only possibility.
q. Conservation 2. The ability to undo mentally, an action or operation.
r. Egocentrism 3. Attending to only one aspect of a situation.
s. Reversibility 4. The principle that quantities remain constant under various changes in their appearance.
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 2 4 1 3
(B) 3 1 4 2
(C) 1 2 3 4
(D) 3 4 1 2
Ans: D
4. Read each of the following two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R), and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Strange Situation Test measures child’s attachment with the mother.
Reason (R): The mother and the stranger are also attached.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but(R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: C
5. Choose the right sequence of endocrine system.
(A) Hypothalamus → Cortico releasing hormone → Pancreas → Insulin.
(B) Pituitary gland → Adenocorticotrophic hormone → Adrenal gland → Epinephrine.
(C) Hypothalamus → Adenocorticotrophic hormone → Gonads → Androgens.
(D) Thyroid gland → Cortico releasing hormone → Hypothalamus → Thyroxin.
Ans: B
6. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the code given below:
Assertion (A): The ability to detect a weak stimulus varies from moment to moment.
Reason (R): Because several relatively independent sources affect the observer’s performance.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
7. Which of the following is/are correct in Rogerian therapy?
1. The therapist is supportive and non-directive.
2. It is the client and not the therapist who best understands the problem and in what direction the therapy should proceed.
3. The therapist can sense the client’s tensions and incongruent feelings and reflect them back to the client.
Codes:
(A) Only 1 is correct.
(B) 1 and 2 are correct.
(C) 1 and 3 are correct.
(D) 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
Ans: D
8. What disturbs initiation of sleep most is
(A) Melatonin
(B) Benzodiazepines
(C) Amphetamines
(D) Orexin
Ans: D
9. By what age children are aware of gender stability as per Kohlberg’s theory of the development of gender identity?
(A) 2–3½ years
(B) 3½ – 4½ years
(C) 4½ –7 years
(D) 11–14 years
Ans: B
10. The fifth ego crisis stage given by Erikson, identity versus role confusion, corresponds to which of the Freud’s stages?
(A) Genital
(B) Latency
(C) Phallic
(D) Anal
Ans: A
11. In an experiment the stimuli were presented to the subjects in certain order and after the presentation of stimuli their order was disturbed. In the test phase the subjects were needed to set them in the presented order. Which of the following methods was used in this experiment?(A) Recognition
(B) Relearning
(C) Reconstruction
(D) Recall
Ans: C
12. Match the following items of List-I with List-II and indicate your answer with the help of given code.
List – I List – II
p. Alpha waves 1. .3 to 3 Hz
q. Beta waves 2. 4 to 7 Hz
r. Theta waves 3. 8 to 13 Hz
s. Delta waves 4. 14 to 30 Hz
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 3 4 2 1
(C) 2 3 1 4
(D) 4 1 3 2
Ans: B
13. Given below are two statements, the first labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Surgery is one of the methods to understand brain behaviour relations in humans.
Reason (R): Lesion method destroys part of the brain.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: D
14. Given below are two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): Recent research has shown positive effect of cognitive remediation training on the neuro-cognitive functions as well as the overall functioning of patients with schizophrenia.
Reason (R): Pharmacotherapy alone does not help patients with schizophrenia to function at the highest possible level of their ability.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
15. Which of the following phrase includes imagining how other people see you, judge you, and how you feel about the perceived judgements?
(A) Moral developments
(B) Looking glass-self
(C) Role-taking
(D) Anticipatory socialization
Ans: B
16. One reason that people comply with social pressure is to gain approval or avoid rejection; this is called ______; and so understanding rules for accepted and expected behaviour are called ______.
(A) Social control; norm.
(B) Social influence; rule.
(C) Normative social influence; norm.
(D) Social facilitation; norm.
Ans: C
17. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Researcher name) (Area of Research)
p. Asch 1. Obedience
q. Sherif 2. Conformity
r. Milgram 3. Cognitive Dissonance
s. Festinger 4. Norm Formation
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 2 4 1 3
(B) 2 3 4 1
(C) 1 2 3 4
(D) 4 3 1 2
Ans: A
18. Given below are two statements: Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Indicate your answer using codes given below.
Assertion (A): Religiosity/faith contributes to good mental health.
Reason (R): Specific environment influence beliefs.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
19. Experience of failure followed by ______ cognitions lead to depression. Choose appropriate code.
1. Internal attributions
2. Feeling of controllability
3. Hopelessness
4. Stable attributions
5. Specific attributions
Codes:
(A) 1, 3, 4
(B) 1, 2, 4
(C) 2, 3, 5
(D) 3, 4, 5
Ans: B
20. Read the below given statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) indicate your answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): Written essays evaluating performance is the simplest method of performance evaluation.
Reason (R): The results in such an evaluation may often reflect the ability of the writer.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are false.
Ans: A
21. A guaranteed solution to a problem is provided by
(A) An Algorithm
(B) A Heuristic
(C) A Rule of Thumb
(D) A Rule of Set
Ans: B
22. Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A) and Reason (R).Indicate your answer using codes given below:
Assertion (A): Analyses of disastrous foreign policy decision lead to a problem that cohesive group of decision makes can fall into the trap of ‘group think’.
Reason (R): Members of the group suppress their own dissenting opinions in the interest of group consensus.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
23. The formula for determining Motivational Potential Score (MPS) is
(A) MPS = (Skill variety + Autonomy + Task identity) / 3 × (Task Significance × Feedback.)
(B) MPS = (Skill variety + Task identity + Feedback) / 3 × (Task Significance × Autonomy.)
(C) MPS = (Skill variety + Task significance + Autonomy) / 3 × (Task identity × Feedback.)
(D) MPS = (Skill variety + Task identity + Task significance) / 3 × (Autonomy × Feedback.)
Ans: D
24. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer with the help of the given codes:
List – I List – II
(Leader’s Characteristics) (Description)
p. Drive 1. Desire to influence others to reach shared goals.
q. Leadership Motivation 2. Trust in own abilities.
r. Self Confidence 3. Intelligence; ability to integrate and interpret large amounts of information.
s. Cognitive ability 4. Desire for achievement, ambition, high energy, tenacity and initiative.
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 4 3 2 1
(B) 4 1 2 3
(C) 1 2 3 4
(D) 4 1 3 2
Ans: B
25. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Transactionalists maintain that perception occurs through a learning process of interactions and experience with the environment.
Reason (R): Most contemporary Psychologists hold that some forms of perceptual abilities and mechanisms are available soon after birth.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
26. What do you mean by information processing?
(A) The number of cycles completed within one second.
(B) A presumed mode of attention that concerns the non-temporal information processing demands of a task and its activation shortens temporal awareness.
(C) The process of organising and interpreting sensation into meaningful experiences.
(D) The study of the relation between physical stimulation and subjective experience.
Ans: B
27. Choose the correct sequence of events following prolonged stress given below:
1. Immuno suppression
2. Corticotropin releasing factor
3. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
4. Cortisol
(A) 1 3 4 2
(B) 2 3 4 1
(C) 4 3 2 1
(D) 1 2 3 4
Ans: B
28. In employees performance appraisal BARS is a method of ______ whereas MBO is a method of ______
(A) Past oriented, present performance rating.
(B) Past oriented; future oriented.
(C) Future oriented; past oriented.
(D) Future oriented; present performance rating.
Ans: B
29. In a firm in the last six months 70 to 90 employees have been terminated while 63 applicants have been hired to replace them. This type of strategy is best described
(A) Negative reinforcement
(B) Motivation
(C) Inequity
(D) Churning
Ans: D
30. After identifying the problem of a student, the correct sequence adopted by a counsellor to solve that problem is
1. Generate possible solutions
2. Choose the best solution
3. Evaluate each solution
4. Assess the success/failure of solution
5. Implement the solution
Codes:
(A) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5
(B) 1, 3, 2, 5, 4
(C) 3, 1, 2, 5, 4
(D) 3, 1, 4, 2, 5
Ans: B
31. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Phenomenon) (Psychological term)
p. Logical thinking for abstract concepts. 1. Self- Schema
q. Use of nouns and verbs for omitting auxillary words. 2. Cognitive development
r. Solutions to problems involving psychophysical judgements. 3. Telegraphic speech
s. Cognitive generalization derived from past experience. 4. Signal detection
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 2 3 1 4
(B) 2 3 4 1
(C) 2 4 3 1
(D) 2 4 1 3
Ans: B
32. Give the correct sequence for stages of language development to attain different features, given below:
1. Phonology
2. Semantics
3. Syntax
4. Pragmatics
Codes:
(A) 1, 2, 3, 4
(B) 2, 3, 4, 1
(C) 3, 4, 1, 2
(D) 4, 3, 2, 1
Ans: A
33. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves graphically display
(A) The smallest difference between two stimuli necessary to detect them as different.
(B) The relationship between the proportions of hits and false alarms for constant stimulus intensity.
(C) The magnitude of a sensation as a logarithmic function of the stimulus.
(D) Sensory magnitude is equal to physical intensity raised to a power.
Ans: B
34. Which of the following is not a special facility provided in school for children with special needs?
(A) Resource room
(B) Cooperative teaching
(C) Expository teaching
(D) Collaborative consultation
Ans: C
35. Important indicators of learning disabilities among students are
(A) Poor reading habit, word recognition error, comprehension errors.
(B) Word recognition error, Articulation errors, low mental ability.
(C) Articulation error, comprehension error, impaired vision.
(D) Low mental ability, impaired vision, word recognition error.
Ans: A
36. What are the strategies to improve motivation and learning that can be adopted by a teacher?
1. Fulfill basic requirements and show the value of learning.
2. Show the value of learning and active teaching.
3. Build confidence and positive expectations and help students stay focused.
4. Fulfill basic requirement and active teaching.
Codes:
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 3 and 4
(C) 1 and 3
(D) 2 and 4
Ans: C
37. Which scaling methods employ Law of Comparative Judgment to obtain scale values?
1. Method of successive intervals.
2. Summated ratings method.
3. Magnitude estimation method.
4. Paired comparison method.
Codes:
(A) 4 only
(B) 1 and 4 only
(C) 3 and 4 only
(D) 2 and 3 only
Ans: B
38. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer with the help of given codes.
List – I List – II
(Concept) (Explanation)
p. Primack Principle 1. Exceptional performance by a student as a result of high teacher expectations.
q. Maintenance Rehearsal 2. Retrieval of pieces of information based on their relatedness to one another.
r. Pygmalion Effect 3. Keeping information in working memory by repeating it to you.
s. Activation spreading 4. More preferred activity conserve as a reinforcer for a less preferred activity.
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 4 3 1 2
(B) 1 3 4 2
(C) 2 1 3 4
(D) 1 3 2 4
Ans: A
39. The employer, who referred a case of an employee (client) to a psychologist, requested the psychologist to provide the employee’s test scores and their interpretation.
(A) The psychologist should firmly refuse to comply with this request.
(B) The psychologist should comply with the request after informing the client.
(C) The psychologist should comply with this request if the client agrees to it and gives an informed consent.
(D) The psychologist should comply with this request only if the client shows criminal inclinations.
Ans: C
40. Which of the following is/are considered culture-fair test/s of intelligence?
1. Raven’s Progressive Matrices
2. Cattell’s Culture Fair Test of Intelligence.
3. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales.
4. Goodenough-Harris test
Codes:
(A) 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1, 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 4 only
Ans: D
41. Movements of the vocal apparatus are
(A) Necessary for thinking.
(B) Not necessary for thinking.
(C) Necessary for thinking in some situations.
(D) Both (A) and (C) are correct.
Ans: C
42. Given below are two statements, the first labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): In attitude scaling by Equal Appearing Intervals Method, median is usually employed to obtain scale values.
Reason (R): In normal distribution mean, median and mode are the same.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation.
(C) (A) is true, (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, (R) is true.
Ans: B
43. When previous learning interferes with our memory of later learning it is referred to as
(A) Repression
(B) Proactive interference
(C) Inhibition
(D) Retroactive interference
Ans: B
44. I create paintings and Art works because it gives me a sense of satisfaction and vitality. My Art is primarily promoted by
(A) Discriminatory Rewards
(B) Selective Rewards
(C) Extrinsic Rewards
(D) Intrinsic Rewards
Ans: D
45. The Psychotherapist recommended the procedure of systematic desensitization to Shradda for overcoming her fear of cats. The Psychotherapist recommended
(A) A classical conditioning procedure
(B) An operant conditioning procedure
(C) A delayed conditioning procedure
(D) A backward conditioning procedure
Ans: A
46. The child was given chocolates for putting pegs into the right holes, first after he fitted 20 pegs, then after he fitted 14 pegs and later after he fitted 22 pegs. The reinforcement schedule used in this case is an example of
(A) Variable – Ratio Schedule
(B) Variable – Interval Schedule
(C) Fixed – Interval Schedule
(D) Fixed – Ratio Schedule
Ans: A
47. In type R conditioning the strength of conditioning is shown by ______ whereas in Type S conditioning the strength of conditioning is shown by the ______
(A) Response rate; time to solution.
(B) Time to solution; Response rate.
(C) Response rate; magnitude of conditioned response.
(D) Magnitude of response rate; time to solution.
Ans: C
48. Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer by using the codes given below the lists.
List – I List – II
(Phenomenon) (Psychologist)
p. Instrumental conditioning occurs independent of reinforcement. 1. Abraham Amsel
q. Set of reinforcement contingencies 2. Spence
r. Partial Reinforcement Effect (PRE) 3. Hull
s. Fractional anticipatory frustration reaction 4. Skinner
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 3 2 1 4
(B) 2 1 3 4
(C) 2 3 1 4
(D) 2 4 1 3
Ans: D
49. Which one of the following statistic is used for assessing the test-item bias?
(A) Item-remainder correlation
(B) Differential item functioning
(C) Construct validity
(D) Multidimensional scaling
Ans: B
50. Which of the following characteristics best describes Borderline Personality Disorder?
1. Impulsivity and affective instability.
2. Unusual perceptual experiences.
3. Unstable and intense interpersonal relationship.
4. Recurrent suicidal behaviour or gesture.
5. Preoccupation with details and rules.
Codes:
(A) 1, 2 and 5
(B) 2, 4 and 5
(C) 2, 3 and 5
(D) 1, 3 and 4
Ans: D
51. Difficulty in deployment of attention can occur in which of the following states:
1. Engagement
2. Distraction
3. Disengagement
4. Shifting
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 1, 2 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) 2, 3 and 4 only
Ans: C
52. Match List – I with List – II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Types) (Examples)
p. Emotional 1. Feedback from others about how one is doing.
q. Instrumental 2. Listening to people’s problems, caring, reassurance.
r. Appraisal 3. Simple conversation, recreation, going shopping.
s. Socializing 4. Material support, lowinterest loan, medicine etc.
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 1 3 2 4
(B) 2 1 4 3
(C) 2 4 1 3
(D) 1 4 3 2
Ans: C
53. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Type of correlation) (Brief explanation)
p. Phicoefficient 1. Correlation of a variable with a set of other variables
q. Spearman rho 2. Correlation between a dichotomous variable and a continuous variable
r. Partial correlation 3. Correlation between two variables measured on or transformed to ordinal scale
s. Point biserial correlation 4. Correlation between two variables after removing the influence of extraneous variable/s
5. Correlation between two dichotomous variables
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 5 3 4 2
(B) 2 3 4 5
(C) 5 3 1 4
(D) 3 5 4 1
Ans: A
54. Match List – I with List – II and indicate your answer with the help of codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Personality Approaches) (Phenomenon)
p. Analytical Psychology 1. Peak experience
q. Individual Psychology 2. Transference neurosis
r. Humanistic Psychology 3. Will to Power
s. Psychoanalysis 4. Archetypes
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 2 4 1 3
(B) 4 3 1 2
(C) 1 3 4 2
(D) 4 2 3 1
Ans: B
55. Read the following two statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Thyroid over-secretion leads to a condition known as ‘Grave’s disease’
Reason (R): Grave’s disease is characterised by accelerated metabolic processes.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (B) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
56. Which of the following emerges when self-control replaces parental-control?
(A) Ego
(B) Super ego
(C) Identity Achievement
(D) Identity Diffusion
Ans: B
57. In a repeated measures ANOVA, with twenty subjects, each subject was tested under all three experimental conditions, the conditions X subject’s variance (also used as an estimate of error variance) would be based on ______ degrees of freedom.
(A) 3
(B) 19
(C) 38
(D) 57
Ans: C
58. Arrange the following correlations in descending order in terms of the strength of relationship between the two variables:
1. 0.8
2. – 0.5
3. 0.4
4. – 0.9
(A) 4, 2, 3, 1
(B) 4, 1, 2, 3
(C) 1, 3, 2, 4
(D) 3, 2, 1, 4
Ans: D
59. Hypnogogic images occur during drowsy state i.e. between ______ and ______, whereas hypnopompic images occur between _______ and _____.
(A) Waking, sleeping; waking, sleeping
(B) Sleeping, waking; waking, sleeping
(C) Waking, sleeping; sleeping, waking
(D) Sleeping, waking; sleeping, waking
Ans: B
60. Learning is knowledge acquisition through cognitive processing of information. Who among the following holds this view?
(A) Dollard and Miller
(B) Edward Tolman
(C) Albert Bandura
(D) Michael Posner
Ans: C
61. Match List – I with List – II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Psychologists) (Theoretical Model)
p. Broadbent 1. Late selection model
q. Deutsch and Deutsch 2. Attenuation model
r. Treisman 3. Capacity model
s. Kahneman 4. Filter model
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 2 4 3 1
(B) 4 1 2 3
(C) 1 3 4 2
(D) 3 2 1 4
Ans: B
62. The process of organic and intellectual self-regulation is called
(A) Equilibration
(B) Equilibrium
(C) Assimilation
(D) Accommodation
Ans: A
63. Which of the following dimension/s given by Guilford in his structure of Intellect model explains the concept of creativity?
(i) Operations
(ii) Contents
(iii) Products
(A) (i) only
(B) (ii) only
(C) (i) and (ii)
(D) (ii) and (iii)
Ans: A
64. “Any activity can be a reinforcer if a contingency schedule constrains an animal’s access to that activity.” This is known as
(A) Instinctual drift
(B) Disequilibrium hypothesis
(C) Premack Principle
(D) Concurrent reinforcement schedule
Ans: B
65. Token economy is a behaviour modification technique based on the following learning principles:
1. Discrimination learning
2. Contingency contracting
3. Positive reinforcement
4. Classical conditioning
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 2 and 4 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 3 and 4 only
Ans: C
66. Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): When asked about his religious beliefs, Ram expressed ‘I do not know. I just don’t see how there can be God and yet so much evil in the world’.
Reason (R): Identity-foreclosed individuals have committed themselves to values and goals without exploring alternatives.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
67. Match the learning concepts and theirexplanations given below. Use the following codes:
List – I List – II
(Learning Concepts) (Explanations)
p. Drive 1. The learner must do something.
q. Cue 2. The learner must attend something.
r. Response 3. The learner’s behaviour must get him/her something he/she wants.
s. Reinforcement 4. The learner must want something.
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 2 3 4 1
(C) 4 2 1 3
(D) 3 4 1 2
Ans: C
68. Given below are two statements; one labelled as Assertion (A), and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Children have remarkable ability to create mental representations of the world in the form of language.
Reason (R): Reasoning and problem solving are the ways of manipulating the ideas.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
69. Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Increased metabolic activity in frontal cortex and the caudate nucleus has been implicated in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
Reason (R): Current evidence suggests that increased serotonin activity and increased sensitivity of some brain structures to serotonin are involved in Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
70. Read the following two statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Cattell used the term ‘Ergs’ to explain the source of motivation.
Reason (R): Ergs were regarded by Cattell as static and secondary units of personality.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
71. Age related changes in intelligence are best explained by
(A) Cattell’s theory
(B) Jensen’s theory
(C) Sternberg’s theory
(D) Guilford’s theory
Ans: A
72. Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Vigilance refers to a person attending to a field of stimulation over a prolonged period of time in which the person seeks to detect the appearance of a particular target stimulus.
Reason (R): Signal Detection Theory suggests that detection of stimuli depends on their physical energy and on internal factors.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
73. Match List – I with List – II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Thinking style) (Developmental stage)
p. Egocentric thought 1. Sensorimotor
q. Object permanence 2. Formal operational
r. Abstract reasoning 3. Pre-operational
s. Conservation, reversibility 4. Concrete operational
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 2 3 4 1
(B) 3 1 2 4
(C) 4 2 1 3
(D) 3 1 4 2
Ans: B
74. Read the following two statements:
Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Damage to the temporal lobe can result in psychological blindness.
Reason (R): The temporal lobe forms and stores visual and verbal memory.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
75. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): The size of differences in the intelligence scores between fathers and sons explains the group differences in intelligence.
Reason (R): In Jensen’s views, the sons’ tend to be higher or lower in intelligence than their fathers who are very low and high on intelligence respectively.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
76. Match the monocular cues with their explanations and select the correct answer using the code given below:
List – I List – II
(Cues) (Explanation)
p. Relative size 1. Straight lines seem to join together as they become more distant.
q. Linear perspective 2. An object changes position on the retina as the head moves.
r. Motion Parallax 3. If two objects are of same size, the one producing the smaller retinal image is farther away.
s. Texture gradient 4. The texture of a surface appears smoother as distance increases.
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 3 1 2 4
(B) 1 3 4 2
(C) 4 2 3 1
(D) 2 4 1 3
Ans: A
77. Read the following two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Biderman’s ‘recognition by components’ theory states that objects can be thought of as being composed of basic building blocks called Geons.
Reason (R): The relationship between features and geons does not exist. Geons are not composed of features such as edges, corners etc.
Codes:
(A) (A) and (R) are false.
(B) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(D) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Ans: D
78. Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): People just coldly store and retrieve bits of data.
Reason (R): Psychologists recognize that people reconstruct their own version of the past.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(D) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Ans: C
79. Ventromedial nucleus, a central area on the underside of the hypothalamus, lead to
(A) Excessive eating
(B) Stop-eating
(C) Stop sex
(D) Excessive obesity
Ans: B
80. Read each of the following two statements:
Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes below:
Assertion (A): According to interference theory of forgetting, forgetting is caused due to the intervening task which occurs between original task and its recall.
Reason (R): The intervening task weaken the memory trace.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
81. Match List – I with List – II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Emotion) (Nerves Activity)
p. Fear 1. Parasympathetic arousal
q. Anger 2. Sympathetic arousal
r. Depression 3. Sympathetic and parasympathetic arousal
4. Psychosomatic
Codes:
p q r
(A) 2 3 1
(B) 1 2 3
(C) 2 1 3
(D) 3 2 1
Ans: A
82. Read the following two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): The high achievement motivation displayed by children has emotional roots.
Reason (R): Highly motivated children often have parents who encourage their independence from an early age and praise and reward them for their successes.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
83. A person, otherwise limited in mental ability, has amazing specific skills. This is because of
(A) Academic under-achievement
(B) Practical Intelligence
(C) Academic over-achievement
(D) Savant Syndrome
Ans: D
84. A man borrows money and forgets to pay it back because paying back is painful. This is an example of
(A) Repression
(B) Reaction Formation
(C) Regressia
(D) Rationalization
Ans: A
85. Whenever daughter performs well in her studies she receives a chocolate from parents but her brother is given a chocolate only when he gets the highest marks in the class. This is a paradigm of
(A) Positive and negative reinforcement.
(B) Primary and secondary reinforcement.
(C) Continuous and secondary reinforcement.
(D) Continuous and partial reinforcement.
Ans: D
86. The location of the optic nerve exit point from the retina of the eye is called as
(A) Bipolar cell
(B) Fovea
(C) Blind spot
(D) Cone
Ans: C
87. For an intelligence test, while computing item-remainder correlations for item analysis, we compute
(A) Phi-coefficient
(B) Spearman rho
(C) Tetrachoric correlation
(D) Point-biserial correlation
Ans: D
88. Which of the following personality psychologist does not fall in the group of humanistic approaches of personality?
(A) Carl Rogers
(B) Rollo May
(C) Martin Saligman
(D) Abraham Maslow
Ans: C
89. A subject has a T score (Mean = 50; SD = 10) of 40 on an abstract reasoning test. The corresponding percentile rank would be
(A) 16
(B) 34
(C) 40
(D) 84
Ans: A
90. Which of the following tests are considered to be culture-fair tests of intelligence?
1. Cattell’s Culture-Fair Test of Intelligence
2. Raven’s Progressive Matrices
3. Wechsler’s Intelligence Scale for Children
4. Good enough-Harris Test
Codes:
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1, 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 4 only
Ans: D
91. The information in terms of sound is maintained in
(A) Semantic code
(B) Acoustic code
(C) Iconic code
(D) Information code
Ans: C
92. Which of the following personality tests are considered to be the projective in nature?
1. Thematic Apperception Test
2. Kent-Rosenoff Word Association Test
3. NEO Five-Factor Inventory
4. Rotter’s Incomplete Sentence Blank
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1, 2 and 4 only
(D) 2, 3 and 4 only
Ans: C
93. Read each of the following two statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes below:
Assertion (A): Thalamus and Hypothalamus play an important role in emotions.
Reason (R): Thalamus and Hypothalamus anatomically lie close each other.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, (R) is true.
Ans: C
94. Taylor conceptualized anxiety as a drive and hypothesized that subjects scoring higher on her anxiety scale would be conditioned faster than the low-scoring subjects. The experimental studies confirmed this hypothesis for eyelid conditioning. The results provide evidence for the
(A) Predictive validity of the anxiety scale.
(B) Construct validity of the anxiety scale.
(C) Concurrent validity of the anxiety scale.
(D) Content validity of the anxiety scale.
Ans: B
95. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): According to Flynn, performance on IQ tests has substantially increased around the world at all age levels.
Reason (R): Performance on IQ tests is because of the interaction between genetics and environment.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
Question Nos. 96 to 100:
Read the following paragraph and answer the five questions which follow:
The concept of variable is of central importance in research. In psychological research, variables can be classified in several ways. Edwards has classified variables in three types – stimulus variables, behavioural variables and organismic variables. From another perspective, variables have been classified into two types – the continuous variables and discrete variables. The discrete variables are further sub classified as real discrete variables and artificially discrete variables.
The variables in research can be defined in various ways, the two common types of definitions being – constitutive definitions and operational definitions. The operationalization of variables is of crucial importance in carrying out actual research. The tentative statements of expected relationship between two or more variables are called hypotheses. The research hypotheses may be directional or non-directional. Needless to say that the hypotheses constitute to be the powerful tools in psychological research.
96. Which of the following variable/s can be labelled as organismic variable/s?
1. Task complexity
2. Intelligence
3. Errors made while learning task
4. Heart rate
Codes:
(A) 4 only
(B) 2 and 4 only
(C) 1, 2 and 4 only
(D) 2, 3 and 4 only
Ans: B
97. Which one of the following is an example of an artificially discrete variable?
(A) Number of children in a family
(B) Nationality
(C) Sex
(D) Examination results in terms of pass and fail
Ans: D
98. Which of the following is/are operational definitions of intelligence?
1. Intelligence ratings by an observing psychologist.
2. Intelligence as an ability to think critically, solve problems and adapt to the novel situations.
3. Intelligence as a score on Raven’s Progressive matrices.
Codes:
(A) 2 only
(B) 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2, 3
Ans: C
99. ‘Males are more extraverted than females’ is an example of
(A) Null hypothesis
(B) Non-directional hypothesis
(C) Directional hypothesis
(D) Unverifiable hypothesis
Ans: C
100. Which of the following represent/s stylistically correct version/s of a hypothesis?
1. To study the relationship between intelligence and academic achievement.
2. Is there a relationship between intelligence and academic achievement?
3. Intelligence and academic achievement are positively correlated.
4. Intelligence and academic achievement are unrelated.
Codes:
(A) 1 only
(B) 3 only
(C) 1 and 2 only
(D) 3 and 4 only
Ans: D
1. Engagement
2. Distraction
3. Disengagement
4. Shifting
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 1, 2 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) 2, 3 and 4 only
Ans: C
52. Match List – I with List – II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Types) (Examples)
p. Emotional 1. Feedback from others about how one is doing.
q. Instrumental 2. Listening to people’s problems, caring, reassurance.
r. Appraisal 3. Simple conversation, recreation, going shopping.
s. Socializing 4. Material support, lowinterest loan, medicine etc.
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 1 3 2 4
(B) 2 1 4 3
(C) 2 4 1 3
(D) 1 4 3 2
Ans: C
53. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Type of correlation) (Brief explanation)
p. Phicoefficient 1. Correlation of a variable with a set of other variables
q. Spearman rho 2. Correlation between a dichotomous variable and a continuous variable
r. Partial correlation 3. Correlation between two variables measured on or transformed to ordinal scale
s. Point biserial correlation 4. Correlation between two variables after removing the influence of extraneous variable/s
5. Correlation between two dichotomous variables
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 5 3 4 2
(B) 2 3 4 5
(C) 5 3 1 4
(D) 3 5 4 1
Ans: A
54. Match List – I with List – II and indicate your answer with the help of codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Personality Approaches) (Phenomenon)
p. Analytical Psychology 1. Peak experience
q. Individual Psychology 2. Transference neurosis
r. Humanistic Psychology 3. Will to Power
s. Psychoanalysis 4. Archetypes
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 2 4 1 3
(B) 4 3 1 2
(C) 1 3 4 2
(D) 4 2 3 1
Ans: B
55. Read the following two statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Thyroid over-secretion leads to a condition known as ‘Grave’s disease’
Reason (R): Grave’s disease is characterised by accelerated metabolic processes.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (B) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
56. Which of the following emerges when self-control replaces parental-control?
(A) Ego
(B) Super ego
(C) Identity Achievement
(D) Identity Diffusion
Ans: B
57. In a repeated measures ANOVA, with twenty subjects, each subject was tested under all three experimental conditions, the conditions X subject’s variance (also used as an estimate of error variance) would be based on ______ degrees of freedom.
(A) 3
(B) 19
(C) 38
(D) 57
Ans: C
58. Arrange the following correlations in descending order in terms of the strength of relationship between the two variables:
1. 0.8
2. – 0.5
3. 0.4
4. – 0.9
(A) 4, 2, 3, 1
(B) 4, 1, 2, 3
(C) 1, 3, 2, 4
(D) 3, 2, 1, 4
Ans: D
59. Hypnogogic images occur during drowsy state i.e. between ______ and ______, whereas hypnopompic images occur between _______ and _____.
(A) Waking, sleeping; waking, sleeping
(B) Sleeping, waking; waking, sleeping
(C) Waking, sleeping; sleeping, waking
(D) Sleeping, waking; sleeping, waking
Ans: B
60. Learning is knowledge acquisition through cognitive processing of information. Who among the following holds this view?
(A) Dollard and Miller
(B) Edward Tolman
(C) Albert Bandura
(D) Michael Posner
Ans: C
61. Match List – I with List – II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Psychologists) (Theoretical Model)
p. Broadbent 1. Late selection model
q. Deutsch and Deutsch 2. Attenuation model
r. Treisman 3. Capacity model
s. Kahneman 4. Filter model
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 2 4 3 1
(B) 4 1 2 3
(C) 1 3 4 2
(D) 3 2 1 4
Ans: B
62. The process of organic and intellectual self-regulation is called
(A) Equilibration
(B) Equilibrium
(C) Assimilation
(D) Accommodation
Ans: A
63. Which of the following dimension/s given by Guilford in his structure of Intellect model explains the concept of creativity?
(i) Operations
(ii) Contents
(iii) Products
(A) (i) only
(B) (ii) only
(C) (i) and (ii)
(D) (ii) and (iii)
Ans: A
64. “Any activity can be a reinforcer if a contingency schedule constrains an animal’s access to that activity.” This is known as
(A) Instinctual drift
(B) Disequilibrium hypothesis
(C) Premack Principle
(D) Concurrent reinforcement schedule
Ans: B
65. Token economy is a behaviour modification technique based on the following learning principles:
1. Discrimination learning
2. Contingency contracting
3. Positive reinforcement
4. Classical conditioning
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 2 and 4 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 3 and 4 only
Ans: C
66. Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): When asked about his religious beliefs, Ram expressed ‘I do not know. I just don’t see how there can be God and yet so much evil in the world’.
Reason (R): Identity-foreclosed individuals have committed themselves to values and goals without exploring alternatives.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
67. Match the learning concepts and theirexplanations given below. Use the following codes:
List – I List – II
(Learning Concepts) (Explanations)
p. Drive 1. The learner must do something.
q. Cue 2. The learner must attend something.
r. Response 3. The learner’s behaviour must get him/her something he/she wants.
s. Reinforcement 4. The learner must want something.
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 2 3 4 1
(C) 4 2 1 3
(D) 3 4 1 2
Ans: C
68. Given below are two statements; one labelled as Assertion (A), and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Children have remarkable ability to create mental representations of the world in the form of language.
Reason (R): Reasoning and problem solving are the ways of manipulating the ideas.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
69. Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Increased metabolic activity in frontal cortex and the caudate nucleus has been implicated in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
Reason (R): Current evidence suggests that increased serotonin activity and increased sensitivity of some brain structures to serotonin are involved in Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
70. Read the following two statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Cattell used the term ‘Ergs’ to explain the source of motivation.
Reason (R): Ergs were regarded by Cattell as static and secondary units of personality.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
71. Age related changes in intelligence are best explained by
(A) Cattell’s theory
(B) Jensen’s theory
(C) Sternberg’s theory
(D) Guilford’s theory
Ans: A
72. Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Vigilance refers to a person attending to a field of stimulation over a prolonged period of time in which the person seeks to detect the appearance of a particular target stimulus.
Reason (R): Signal Detection Theory suggests that detection of stimuli depends on their physical energy and on internal factors.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
73. Match List – I with List – II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Thinking style) (Developmental stage)
p. Egocentric thought 1. Sensorimotor
q. Object permanence 2. Formal operational
r. Abstract reasoning 3. Pre-operational
s. Conservation, reversibility 4. Concrete operational
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 2 3 4 1
(B) 3 1 2 4
(C) 4 2 1 3
(D) 3 1 4 2
Ans: B
74. Read the following two statements:
Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Damage to the temporal lobe can result in psychological blindness.
Reason (R): The temporal lobe forms and stores visual and verbal memory.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
75. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): The size of differences in the intelligence scores between fathers and sons explains the group differences in intelligence.
Reason (R): In Jensen’s views, the sons’ tend to be higher or lower in intelligence than their fathers who are very low and high on intelligence respectively.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
76. Match the monocular cues with their explanations and select the correct answer using the code given below:
List – I List – II
(Cues) (Explanation)
p. Relative size 1. Straight lines seem to join together as they become more distant.
q. Linear perspective 2. An object changes position on the retina as the head moves.
r. Motion Parallax 3. If two objects are of same size, the one producing the smaller retinal image is farther away.
s. Texture gradient 4. The texture of a surface appears smoother as distance increases.
Codes:
p q r s
(A) 3 1 2 4
(B) 1 3 4 2
(C) 4 2 3 1
(D) 2 4 1 3
Ans: A
77. Read the following two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Biderman’s ‘recognition by components’ theory states that objects can be thought of as being composed of basic building blocks called Geons.
Reason (R): The relationship between features and geons does not exist. Geons are not composed of features such as edges, corners etc.
Codes:
(A) (A) and (R) are false.
(B) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(D) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Ans: D
78. Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): People just coldly store and retrieve bits of data.
Reason (R): Psychologists recognize that people reconstruct their own version of the past.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(D) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Ans: C
79. Ventromedial nucleus, a central area on the underside of the hypothalamus, lead to
(A) Excessive eating
(B) Stop-eating
(C) Stop sex
(D) Excessive obesity
Ans: B
80. Read each of the following two statements:
Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes below:
Assertion (A): According to interference theory of forgetting, forgetting is caused due to the intervening task which occurs between original task and its recall.
Reason (R): The intervening task weaken the memory trace.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
81. Match List – I with List – II and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
List – I List – II
(Emotion) (Nerves Activity)
p. Fear 1. Parasympathetic arousal
q. Anger 2. Sympathetic arousal
r. Depression 3. Sympathetic and parasympathetic arousal
4. Psychosomatic
Codes:
p q r
(A) 2 3 1
(B) 1 2 3
(C) 2 1 3
(D) 3 2 1
Ans: A
82. Read the following two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): The high achievement motivation displayed by children has emotional roots.
Reason (R): Highly motivated children often have parents who encourage their independence from an early age and praise and reward them for their successes.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
83. A person, otherwise limited in mental ability, has amazing specific skills. This is because of
(A) Academic under-achievement
(B) Practical Intelligence
(C) Academic over-achievement
(D) Savant Syndrome
Ans: D
84. A man borrows money and forgets to pay it back because paying back is painful. This is an example of
(A) Repression
(B) Reaction Formation
(C) Regressia
(D) Rationalization
Ans: A
85. Whenever daughter performs well in her studies she receives a chocolate from parents but her brother is given a chocolate only when he gets the highest marks in the class. This is a paradigm of
(A) Positive and negative reinforcement.
(B) Primary and secondary reinforcement.
(C) Continuous and secondary reinforcement.
(D) Continuous and partial reinforcement.
Ans: D
86. The location of the optic nerve exit point from the retina of the eye is called as
(A) Bipolar cell
(B) Fovea
(C) Blind spot
(D) Cone
Ans: C
87. For an intelligence test, while computing item-remainder correlations for item analysis, we compute
(A) Phi-coefficient
(B) Spearman rho
(C) Tetrachoric correlation
(D) Point-biserial correlation
Ans: D
88. Which of the following personality psychologist does not fall in the group of humanistic approaches of personality?
(A) Carl Rogers
(B) Rollo May
(C) Martin Saligman
(D) Abraham Maslow
Ans: C
89. A subject has a T score (Mean = 50; SD = 10) of 40 on an abstract reasoning test. The corresponding percentile rank would be
(A) 16
(B) 34
(C) 40
(D) 84
Ans: A
90. Which of the following tests are considered to be culture-fair tests of intelligence?
1. Cattell’s Culture-Fair Test of Intelligence
2. Raven’s Progressive Matrices
3. Wechsler’s Intelligence Scale for Children
4. Good enough-Harris Test
Codes:
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1, 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 4 only
Ans: D
91. The information in terms of sound is maintained in
(A) Semantic code
(B) Acoustic code
(C) Iconic code
(D) Information code
Ans: C
92. Which of the following personality tests are considered to be the projective in nature?
1. Thematic Apperception Test
2. Kent-Rosenoff Word Association Test
3. NEO Five-Factor Inventory
4. Rotter’s Incomplete Sentence Blank
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1, 2 and 4 only
(D) 2, 3 and 4 only
Ans: C
93. Read each of the following two statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes below:
Assertion (A): Thalamus and Hypothalamus play an important role in emotions.
Reason (R): Thalamus and Hypothalamus anatomically lie close each other.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, (R) is true.
Ans: C
94. Taylor conceptualized anxiety as a drive and hypothesized that subjects scoring higher on her anxiety scale would be conditioned faster than the low-scoring subjects. The experimental studies confirmed this hypothesis for eyelid conditioning. The results provide evidence for the
(A) Predictive validity of the anxiety scale.
(B) Construct validity of the anxiety scale.
(C) Concurrent validity of the anxiety scale.
(D) Content validity of the anxiety scale.
Ans: B
95. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): According to Flynn, performance on IQ tests has substantially increased around the world at all age levels.
Reason (R): Performance on IQ tests is because of the interaction between genetics and environment.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
Question Nos. 96 to 100:
Read the following paragraph and answer the five questions which follow:
The concept of variable is of central importance in research. In psychological research, variables can be classified in several ways. Edwards has classified variables in three types – stimulus variables, behavioural variables and organismic variables. From another perspective, variables have been classified into two types – the continuous variables and discrete variables. The discrete variables are further sub classified as real discrete variables and artificially discrete variables.
The variables in research can be defined in various ways, the two common types of definitions being – constitutive definitions and operational definitions. The operationalization of variables is of crucial importance in carrying out actual research. The tentative statements of expected relationship between two or more variables are called hypotheses. The research hypotheses may be directional or non-directional. Needless to say that the hypotheses constitute to be the powerful tools in psychological research.
96. Which of the following variable/s can be labelled as organismic variable/s?
1. Task complexity
2. Intelligence
3. Errors made while learning task
4. Heart rate
Codes:
(A) 4 only
(B) 2 and 4 only
(C) 1, 2 and 4 only
(D) 2, 3 and 4 only
Ans: B
97. Which one of the following is an example of an artificially discrete variable?
(A) Number of children in a family
(B) Nationality
(C) Sex
(D) Examination results in terms of pass and fail
Ans: D
98. Which of the following is/are operational definitions of intelligence?
1. Intelligence ratings by an observing psychologist.
2. Intelligence as an ability to think critically, solve problems and adapt to the novel situations.
3. Intelligence as a score on Raven’s Progressive matrices.
Codes:
(A) 2 only
(B) 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2, 3
Ans: C
99. ‘Males are more extraverted than females’ is an example of
(A) Null hypothesis
(B) Non-directional hypothesis
(C) Directional hypothesis
(D) Unverifiable hypothesis
Ans: C
100. Which of the following represent/s stylistically correct version/s of a hypothesis?
1. To study the relationship between intelligence and academic achievement.
2. Is there a relationship between intelligence and academic achievement?
3. Intelligence and academic achievement are positively correlated.
4. Intelligence and academic achievement are unrelated.
Codes:
(A) 1 only
(B) 3 only
(C) 1 and 2 only
(D) 3 and 4 only
Ans: D