FOLK LITERATURE
FOLK LITERATURE SYLLABUS
(The syllabus may change from time to time. Please check with the relevant Public Service Commission websites for any changes in the syllabus)
Paper II Syllabus
1. General Folklore
Scope and the field of Folklore.
Definitions and concepts of Folklore.
Fields of Folklore and Folklife studies.
Folklore studies in India and abroad.
Early Scholarship; Collections and compilations; Authors and their books.
Folklore Theories
Historical – Geographical Theory; Functional Theory; Psychoanalytical Theory; Structural Theory; Contextual Theory; Performance Theory; Other Theories.
Folklore and other disciplines.
Folklore Genres.
2. Folk Literature
Definition of Folk Literature.
Fields of Folk literature.
Folk Song :
Origin; Characteristics; Classification; Functions and study.
Folk Narrative Poems :
Origin; Characteristics; Classification; Functions and study.
Folk Myth, Legend and Tale :
Origin; Characteristics; Classification; Functions and study.
Proverbs :
Origin; Characteristics; Classification; Functions and study.
Riddles :
Origin; Characteristics; Classification; Functions and study.
Folk Speech and Other Genres (Drama, etc.)
Origin; Characteristics; Classification; Functions and study.
3. Collection and Study
Collection of Folk Literature.
Preservation and Documentation.
Classification and study
Oral Folklore
Beliefs, Customs, Festivals, Medicine, etc.
Material Culture
Folk Performing Arts
Paper III (Part A & Part B) Syllabus
[Core and Elective / Optional]
Unit – I
Scope and the field of Folklore.
Definitions and concepts of Folklore.
Fields of folklore and Folklife studies.
Folklore and other disciplines.
Folklore genres.
Definition of Culture.
Marriage, Family and kinship.
Folk religion and magic.
Unit – II
Mythological Theory.
Historical – Geographical Theory.
Functional Theory.
Psychoanalytical Theory.
Structural Theory.
Oral Forulaic Theory.
Genre Theory.
Contextual Theory.
Performance Theory.
Theory of Nativism.
Unit – III
Nature and Scope of field work.
Collection of folk literature.
Collection of non – oral folklore.
Preparations for field work and research design.
Scientific Methods of Collection.
Interview Method.
Observation Method.
Questionnaire Method.
Archiving and using the archives.
Experiences of Field Work.
Unit – IV
India
Contribution by Western scholars.
Contribution of early Indian scholars.
Folklore Research in various states of India.
Recent trends in Folklore studies.
Other Country
Folklore Research by American scholars.
Folklore Research by European scholars.
Folklore Research by Russian scholars.
Major Scholars of world.
Max Muller
V. J. Propp
Stith Thompson
Levi Strauss
Alan Dundes
Devendra Satyarthi
Unit – V
Definition and Characteristics of Song.
Origin and Classification of Song.
Functions and Study of Song.
Definition and Characteristics of Ballad.
Origin and Classification of Ballad.
Functions and Study of Ballad.
Definition and Characteristics of Epic.
Origin and Classification of Epic.
Functions and Study of Epic.
Unit – VI
Definition and Characteristics of Myth.
Origin and Classification of Myth.
Functions and Study of Myth.
Definition and Characteristics of Legend.
Origin and Classification of Legend.
Functions and Study of Legend.
Definition and Characteristics of Tale.
Origin and Classification of Tale.
Functions and Study of Tale.
Unit – VII
Definition and Characteristics of Folk Theatre.
Origin of Folk Theatre.
Classification of Theatrical Arts.
Functions of Folk – Theatre.
Study of Folk Theatre.
Role of Literature in Theatrical Forms.
Problems faced by Indian Folk Theatre in Modern era.
Folk Artists and Art Forms.
Unit – VIII
Definition and characteristics of Proverbs.
Origin of Proverbs.
Classification of Proverbs.
Functions and study of Proverbs.
Definition and characteristics of Riddles.
Origin of Riddles.
Classification of Riddles.
Functions and study of Riddles.
Literary and Cultural significance of Proverbs and Riddles.
Unit – IX
Definition and Characteristics of Folk Speech.
Nature and Function of Folk Idioms, Sayings, Vocabulary, etc.
Dialects and Accent.
Nature of Communication.
Forms and Models of Communication.
Folk Media and Mass Media.
Skills of Communication.
Unit – X
Adaptation and Interaction of Folk Literature.
Folklore and Folklore.
Tradition and Innovation in Folklore.
Application of Folklore.
Polity
Election Process
Medicine
Sociology
Psychology
Paper II Syllabus
1. General Folklore
Scope and the field of Folklore.
Definitions and concepts of Folklore.
Fields of Folklore and Folklife studies.
Folklore studies in India and abroad.
Early Scholarship; Collections and compilations; Authors and their books.
Folklore Theories
Historical – Geographical Theory; Functional Theory; Psychoanalytical Theory; Structural Theory; Contextual Theory; Performance Theory; Other Theories.
Folklore and other disciplines.
Folklore Genres.
2. Folk Literature
Definition of Folk Literature.
Fields of Folk literature.
Folk Song :
Origin; Characteristics; Classification; Functions and study.
Folk Narrative Poems :
Origin; Characteristics; Classification; Functions and study.
Folk Myth, Legend and Tale :
Origin; Characteristics; Classification; Functions and study.
Proverbs :
Origin; Characteristics; Classification; Functions and study.
Riddles :
Origin; Characteristics; Classification; Functions and study.
Folk Speech and Other Genres (Drama, etc.)
Origin; Characteristics; Classification; Functions and study.
3. Collection and Study
Collection of Folk Literature.
Preservation and Documentation.
Classification and study
Oral Folklore
Beliefs, Customs, Festivals, Medicine, etc.
Material Culture
Folk Performing Arts
Paper III (Part A & Part B) Syllabus
[Core and Elective / Optional]
Unit – I
Scope and the field of Folklore.
Definitions and concepts of Folklore.
Fields of folklore and Folklife studies.
Folklore and other disciplines.
Folklore genres.
Definition of Culture.
Marriage, Family and kinship.
Folk religion and magic.
Unit – II
Mythological Theory.
Historical – Geographical Theory.
Functional Theory.
Psychoanalytical Theory.
Structural Theory.
Oral Forulaic Theory.
Genre Theory.
Contextual Theory.
Performance Theory.
Theory of Nativism.
Unit – III
Nature and Scope of field work.
Collection of folk literature.
Collection of non – oral folklore.
Preparations for field work and research design.
Scientific Methods of Collection.
Interview Method.
Observation Method.
Questionnaire Method.
Archiving and using the archives.
Experiences of Field Work.
Unit – IV
India
Contribution by Western scholars.
Contribution of early Indian scholars.
Folklore Research in various states of India.
Recent trends in Folklore studies.
Other Country
Folklore Research by American scholars.
Folklore Research by European scholars.
Folklore Research by Russian scholars.
Major Scholars of world.
Max Muller
V. J. Propp
Stith Thompson
Levi Strauss
Alan Dundes
Devendra Satyarthi
Unit – V
Definition and Characteristics of Song.
Origin and Classification of Song.
Functions and Study of Song.
Definition and Characteristics of Ballad.
Origin and Classification of Ballad.
Functions and Study of Ballad.
Definition and Characteristics of Epic.
Origin and Classification of Epic.
Functions and Study of Epic.
Unit – VI
Definition and Characteristics of Myth.
Origin and Classification of Myth.
Functions and Study of Myth.
Definition and Characteristics of Legend.
Origin and Classification of Legend.
Functions and Study of Legend.
Definition and Characteristics of Tale.
Origin and Classification of Tale.
Functions and Study of Tale.
Unit – VII
Definition and Characteristics of Folk Theatre.
Origin of Folk Theatre.
Classification of Theatrical Arts.
Functions of Folk – Theatre.
Study of Folk Theatre.
Role of Literature in Theatrical Forms.
Problems faced by Indian Folk Theatre in Modern era.
Folk Artists and Art Forms.
Unit – VIII
Definition and characteristics of Proverbs.
Origin of Proverbs.
Classification of Proverbs.
Functions and study of Proverbs.
Definition and characteristics of Riddles.
Origin of Riddles.
Classification of Riddles.
Functions and study of Riddles.
Literary and Cultural significance of Proverbs and Riddles.
Unit – IX
Definition and Characteristics of Folk Speech.
Nature and Function of Folk Idioms, Sayings, Vocabulary, etc.
Dialects and Accent.
Nature of Communication.
Forms and Models of Communication.
Folk Media and Mass Media.
Skills of Communication.
Unit – X
Adaptation and Interaction of Folk Literature.
Folklore and Folklore.
Tradition and Innovation in Folklore.
Application of Folklore.
Polity
Election Process
Medicine
Sociology
Psychology
FOLK LITERATURE MCQs
1. The context of Folklore means
(A) The area where folklore event occurs.
(B) The people among whom folklore event occurs.
(C) The situation in which folklore event occurs.
(D) The culture in which folklore event occurs.
Ans: C
2. Oral literature is always
(A) Fixed and unchanging
(B) Fluid and flux
(C) Dynamic and spontaneous
(D) Static and impulsive
Ans: B
3. The 33rd session of Indian Folklore Congress (IFC) was held at
(A) Manipur University - Imphal
(B) Nagaland University – Kohima
(C) Punjabi University – Patiala
(D) Nagpur University – Nagpur
Ans: A
4. ‘Totem’ is
(A) Cultural item of social life
(B) Rituals in cultural life
(C) Beliefs in folk life
(D) Do’s in socio-cultural life
Ans: D
5. Multivolume annotation of folktales was collected and edited by
(A) W.J. Thoms
(B) Grimm Brothers
(C) Stith Thompson
(D) Finnish Scholars
Ans: B
6. ‘Audience – centred flexibility’ is part of
(A) Lyrical drama
(B) Written literature
(C) Folk narrative
(D) Folk motifs
Ans: C
7. The specificity of folktales according to V.J. Propp are based on
(A) Motif
(B) Type
(C) Variable
(D) Function
Ans: D
8. ‘Oicotype’ refers to
(A) Religious folktale pattern
(B) National folktale pattern
(C) Regional folktale pattern
(D) International folktale pattern
Ans: C
9. Myth and literature are inter-related because of the shared traits of
(A) Theme, image, identity.
(B) Description, theme, point of view.
(C) Narrative, theme, character.
(D) Plot, character, landscape.
Ans: C
10. The book namely ‘Folkloristics and Indian Folklore’ is jointly authored by
(A) Peter J. Claus and Frank J. Korom
(B) Peter J. Claus and D.P. Pattanayak
(C) Peter J. Claus and J. Handoo
(D) Peter J. Claus and Stuart H. Blackburn
Ans: A
11. What are the primary approaches for Folklore studies?
(A) Linguistics, geographical, literary.
(B) Structural, anthropological, historical.
(C) Sociological, psychological, marxist.
(D) Psycho-analytic, mass cultural, feminist.
Ans: B
12. ‘The behaviour of the particular group of people’ is called
(A) Folklore
(B) World view
(C) Culture
(D) Folk life
Ans: C
13. The phrase ‘Conversational genres’ refers to
(A) Jokes, songs and tales
(B) Proverb, riddle and tale
(C) Riddle, proverb and ballad
(D) Proverb, riddle and jokes
Ans: D
14. ‘Meta folklore’ refers to
(A) World view
(B) Ethnic folklore
(C) Folkloristics from the perspective of the folk
(D) Attitude of the folk towards their life
Ans: C
15. Verbal art refers to
(A) Oral traditions
(B) Folklore
(C) Material culture
(D) Riddling session
Ans: A
16. Who translated ‘Morfologiya skawki’ into English?
(A) Alan Dundes
(B) Dan Ben-Amos
(C) Lowrence Scott
(D) Robert A. Georges
Ans: C
17. The term ‘Motifeme’ is introduced into folklore studies by
(A) V. Propp
(B) Alan Dundes
(C) J. Handoo
(D) Y. M. Sokolov
Ans: B
18. The word Folklorism was coined by
(A) Hans Moser
(B) Regina Bendix
(C) Roger D. Abrahams
(D) Hermann Bausinger
Ans: A
19. The Folk Dance form of Punjab is known as
(A) Garba
(B) Bihu
(C) Bhangra
(D) Aattam
Ans: C
20. The first ISFNR conference held in India was at
(A) Shillong
(B) Chennai
(C) Kolkata
(D) Mysore
Ans: D
21. Assertion (A): The very position of folklore in the cultural milieu shows its complex relationship with other cultural expressions.
Reason (R): Therefore the discipline of folklore is required to be developed on interdisciplinary thrusts only.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, (R) is incorrect.
(B) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(D) (A) is correct, (R) is partially correct.
Ans: C
22. Assertion (A): If folklore is to be examined for its universal elements, then it should be seen as a historically fixed fact.
Reason (R): Since it is also a dynamic and on-going process giving cultural results.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, (R) is partially correct.
(B) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
(C) (A) is partially correct, (R) is not correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
Ans: B
23. Assertion (A): Indian folklore itself identifies various folk groups and assigns them stereotypical characteristics.
Reason (R): This phenomenon is also taken as an example of Meta folklore.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, (R) is not correct.
(B) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are partially correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
Ans: D
24. Assertion (A): One of the important features of folklore is variation. During the process of transmission all the items of folklore especially oral narratives will have more variations than the minor oral genres.
Reason (R): But the minor genres such as proverb, riddle and jokes never provide space for occurring variations and because of this nature they are termed as ‘fixed phrase genres’.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, and (R) is partially correct.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(C) (A) is correct and (R) is not correct.
(D) (A) is not correct and (R) is correct.
Ans: C
25. Assertion (A): Most literary genres are easily identifiable in terms of structure.
Reason (R): But folk poetry is different, for it is defined not only in terms of form but also in terms of its manner of transmission.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(B) (A) is correct and (R) is not correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(D) (A) is not correct and (R) is correct.
Ans: A
26. Assertion (A): Folk costume is one of the symbols of folk community, and one of the variables of a culture.
Reason (R): As a symbol it expresses the basic needs as well as the basic structure of a folk community and as a variable it becomes a means of identifying the pervading culture.
Codes:
(A) (A) is partially correct, (R) is not correct.
(B) (A) is correct, (R) is partially correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(D) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
Ans: B
27. Assertion (A): Folklore has been and continues to be a reflection and a weapon of class conflicts.
Reason (R): That is why Marx and Gorky declared that folklore must be considered from the social political point of view.
Codes:
(A) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(D) (A) is correct and (R) is not correct.
Ans: D
28. Assertion (A): Since folk literature depends on its own cultural climate, modern folk stories are influenced by modern life, communication and multiculturalism.
Reason (R): Because easy travel opportunities and immediate information on world affairs have made folk communities more cosmopolitan than ethnic.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, (R) is partially correct.
(B) (A) is partially correct, (R) is correct.
(C) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
Ans: B
29. Assertion (A): Pre-proppian era was closely guided by variable elements in all kinds of folklore studies because that was the only option to study folklore.
Reason (R): But the different approach founded by propp is the constant action in his morphological analysis.
Codes:
(A) (A) is not correct and (R) is correct.
(B) (A) is correct and (R) is not correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
Ans: A
30. Assertion (A): It is apparent that the training of the folklorist requires considerable experience in the field, the library, the archives, the museum.
Reason (R): Yet many person feel they can understand folklore in a five minute conversation.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, (R) is not correct.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(C) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
(D) (A) is correct, (R) is partially correct.
Ans: B
31. Which one is the correct sequence of functional folklorists?
(A) B. Malinowski, Ruth Benedict, Linda Degh, W. Bascom.
(B) Ruth Benediet, W. Bascom, B. Malinowski, Linda Degh.
(C) Ruth Benediet, B. Malinowski, W. Bascom, Linda Degh
(D) B. Malinowski, Ruth Benediet, Linda Degh, W. Bascom
Ans: C
32. Which one is not the correct sequence of Folklore theories?
(A) Functional, Structural, Oral formulaic, Contextual.
(B) Historical-reconstructional, Ideological, Functional, Psychoanalytical.
(C) Structural, Oral-formulaic, Cross cultural, Mass cultural.
(D) Contextual, Structural, Functional, Oral-formulaic.
Ans: D
33. According to Dorson give the correct sequence of the four major categories of Folklore and Folk life?
(A) Oral literature, Material culture, Social folk custom, performing folk arts.
(B) Material culture, Social folk custom, oral literature, performing folk arts.
(C) Social folk custom, Performing folk arts, Oral literature, Material culture.
(D) Oral literature, Performing folk arts, Material culture, Social folk custom.
Ans: A
34. Give the correct sequence of the books in which they appeared?
(A) Another Harmony, Folklore: An introduction, Folkloristics and Indian Folklore, Folklore: The pulse of the people.
(B) Folklore: The pulse of the people, Another Harmony, Folklore: An Introduction, Folkloristics and Indian Folklore.
(C) Folklore: An Introduction, Another Harmony, Folkloristics and Indian Folklore, Folklore: The pulse of the people.
(D) Another Harmony, Folklore: The pulse of the people, Folklore: An Introduction, Folkloristics and Indian Folklore.
Ans: B
35. Which of the given concepts are in correct order?
(A) Diffusion, motif, type, function.
(B) Motif, type, diffusion, function.
(C) Type, motif, diffusion, function.
(D) Function, type, motif, diffusion.
Ans: C
36. Find out the correct order of the following advocates of structural analysis.
(A) Lord Raglan, Andre Jolles, Alan Dundes, Vladimir Propp.
(B) Andre Jolles, Lord Raglan, Vladimir Propp, Alan Dundes.
(C) Alan Dundes, Vladimir Propp, Andre Jolles, Lord Raglan.
(D) Andre Jolles, Alan Dundes, Lord Raglan, Vladimir Propp.
Ans: B
37. Match the following List – I with List – II.
List – I List – II
a. Multiculturalism 1. Mass culture
b. Folklorismus 2. Supernatural
c. Marchen 3. Ethnic diversity
d. Myth 4. Folktale
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 2 3 1 4
(B) 4 2 3 1
(C) 1 4 2 3
(D) 3 1 4 2
Ans: D
38. Which one is not correctly matched?
(A) Baisakhi: Punjab
(B) Dussehr :Kulu
(C) Pongal: Orissa
(D) Holi: Uttar Pradesh
Ans: C
39. Which one is correctly matched?
(A) Onam: Tamil Nadu
(B) Bihu: Manipur
(C) Ganesh Chaturth: Maharashtra
(D) Ugadi: Assam
Ans: C
40. Match the following List – I with List – II
List – I List – II
a. A Bibliography of Indian Folk Literature 1. Jhaverchand Meghani
b. Folk Literature of Gujarat 2. Sankar Sen Gupta
c. Another Harmony 3. Jawaharlal Handoo
d. Folklore Research in India 4. Blackburn and Ramanujan
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 3 1 4 2
(B) 2 4 1 3
(C) 4 2 3 1
(D) 1 3 2 4
Ans: A
41. Match the following List – I with List – II.
List – I List – II
a. The Hand Book of Folklore 1. V.J. Propp
b. Golden Bough 2. A.H. Krappe
c. The Science of Folklore 3. C.S. Burne
d. The Morphology of the Folktale 4. J.G. Frager
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 2 1 4 3
(B) 3 4 2 1
(C) 4 2 1 3
(D) 1 3 4 2
Ans: B
42. Match the following List – I with List – II.
List – I List – II
a. Tamasha 1. Folk costume
b. Mohiniattam 2. Folk musical instrument
c. Malisaar 3. Folk drama
d. Paembai 4. Folk dance
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 1 3 2 4
(B) 4 1 3 1
(C) 2 2 4 3
(D) 3 4 1 2
Ans: D
43. Match items of List – I with List – II
List – I List – II
a. Alan Dundes 1. American Folk life
b. Dan Ben Amos 2. The Savage Mind
c. Don Yoder 3. Interpreting Folklore
d. Claude Levi Strauss 4. Folklore in Context: Essays
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 2 3 4 1
(B) 4 2 3 1
(C) 3 4 1 2
(D) 1 2 3 4
Ans: C
44. Match the following List – I with List – II.
List – I List – II
a. V. Proop 1. Motif
b. Kenneth Pike 2. Allomotif
c. Alan Dundes 3. Motifeme
d. Stith Thompson 4. Function
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 2 4 1 3
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 1 2 4 3
Ans: B
45. Match the following List – I with List – II.
List – I List – II
a. Folklore Resources and Research Centre (FRRC) 1. Bhopal
b. Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts (IGNCA) 2. Udupi
c. Lok Kala Parishad 3. New Delhi
d. Regional Resource Centre for Folk performing Arts (RRC) 4. Palayam Kottai
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 2 4 3 1
(B) 3 2 4 1
(C) 4 3 1 2
(D) 1 2 3 4
Ans: C
46. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(A) Deepavali, Holi: North India
(B) Lai haraoba, Bihu: East India
(C) Pongal, Onam: South India
(D) Baisakhi, Ugadi: West India
Ans: D
Read the passage below and answer the questions (47-50).
But in 1955, when Levi-Strauss first presented his paper, ‘The Structural Study of Myth’, it took the Anglo-American intellectual world by surprise. We were not at all aware of these sorts of ideas, and still fixed upon thoroughly empirical levels of analysis of course, this was not true of linguistics, but by that time linguistics has separated from its sister discipline of anthropology. The study of folklore was particularly empiricist, with the historical geographical school at its peak and the Aarne-Thompson Tale and Motif Indices the major tools of the trade. In anthropology, functionalism dominated the British scene. Americans were caught up in debates between functionalists, historicists and neo-evolutionists. All these currents were empirical and concerned with surface features of culture and generalizations about society. And furthermore, these disciplines tended to divide themselves from one another in terms of the subjects it was thought appropriate for them to study. Linguistics studied language, anthropology studied society and material culture and folklore studied oral traditions. Subject matter, methodology and a sense of intellectual territoriality separated the disciplines.
47. Which is the correct statement?
(A) The Anglo-American intellectual world was not aware about the ideas propounded by Levi-Strauss.
(B) The Anglo-American intellectual world was familiar with the ideas given by Levi-Strauss.
(C) There was no debate between functionalists, historicists and neo-evolutionists.
(D) None of the above.
Ans: A
48. Who was concerned with the surface features of culture and society?
(A) Historicists and neo evolutionists
(B) Functionalism that dominated the British scene
(C) Historical-Geographical school
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
49. Which is the area of study of folklore?
(A) Language
(B) Society and Material Culture
(C) Oral traditions
(D) None of the above
Ans: C
50. Which disciplines were separated on the basis of subject matter, methodology and intellectual territoriality?
(A) History, Geography, Anthropology.
(B) Linguistics, Anthropology, Folklore.
(C) Psychology, Linguistics, Folklore.
(D) Folklore, History, Culture.
Ans: B
(A) The area where folklore event occurs.
(B) The people among whom folklore event occurs.
(C) The situation in which folklore event occurs.
(D) The culture in which folklore event occurs.
Ans: C
2. Oral literature is always
(A) Fixed and unchanging
(B) Fluid and flux
(C) Dynamic and spontaneous
(D) Static and impulsive
Ans: B
3. The 33rd session of Indian Folklore Congress (IFC) was held at
(A) Manipur University - Imphal
(B) Nagaland University – Kohima
(C) Punjabi University – Patiala
(D) Nagpur University – Nagpur
Ans: A
4. ‘Totem’ is
(A) Cultural item of social life
(B) Rituals in cultural life
(C) Beliefs in folk life
(D) Do’s in socio-cultural life
Ans: D
5. Multivolume annotation of folktales was collected and edited by
(A) W.J. Thoms
(B) Grimm Brothers
(C) Stith Thompson
(D) Finnish Scholars
Ans: B
6. ‘Audience – centred flexibility’ is part of
(A) Lyrical drama
(B) Written literature
(C) Folk narrative
(D) Folk motifs
Ans: C
7. The specificity of folktales according to V.J. Propp are based on
(A) Motif
(B) Type
(C) Variable
(D) Function
Ans: D
8. ‘Oicotype’ refers to
(A) Religious folktale pattern
(B) National folktale pattern
(C) Regional folktale pattern
(D) International folktale pattern
Ans: C
9. Myth and literature are inter-related because of the shared traits of
(A) Theme, image, identity.
(B) Description, theme, point of view.
(C) Narrative, theme, character.
(D) Plot, character, landscape.
Ans: C
10. The book namely ‘Folkloristics and Indian Folklore’ is jointly authored by
(A) Peter J. Claus and Frank J. Korom
(B) Peter J. Claus and D.P. Pattanayak
(C) Peter J. Claus and J. Handoo
(D) Peter J. Claus and Stuart H. Blackburn
Ans: A
11. What are the primary approaches for Folklore studies?
(A) Linguistics, geographical, literary.
(B) Structural, anthropological, historical.
(C) Sociological, psychological, marxist.
(D) Psycho-analytic, mass cultural, feminist.
Ans: B
12. ‘The behaviour of the particular group of people’ is called
(A) Folklore
(B) World view
(C) Culture
(D) Folk life
Ans: C
13. The phrase ‘Conversational genres’ refers to
(A) Jokes, songs and tales
(B) Proverb, riddle and tale
(C) Riddle, proverb and ballad
(D) Proverb, riddle and jokes
Ans: D
14. ‘Meta folklore’ refers to
(A) World view
(B) Ethnic folklore
(C) Folkloristics from the perspective of the folk
(D) Attitude of the folk towards their life
Ans: C
15. Verbal art refers to
(A) Oral traditions
(B) Folklore
(C) Material culture
(D) Riddling session
Ans: A
16. Who translated ‘Morfologiya skawki’ into English?
(A) Alan Dundes
(B) Dan Ben-Amos
(C) Lowrence Scott
(D) Robert A. Georges
Ans: C
17. The term ‘Motifeme’ is introduced into folklore studies by
(A) V. Propp
(B) Alan Dundes
(C) J. Handoo
(D) Y. M. Sokolov
Ans: B
18. The word Folklorism was coined by
(A) Hans Moser
(B) Regina Bendix
(C) Roger D. Abrahams
(D) Hermann Bausinger
Ans: A
19. The Folk Dance form of Punjab is known as
(A) Garba
(B) Bihu
(C) Bhangra
(D) Aattam
Ans: C
20. The first ISFNR conference held in India was at
(A) Shillong
(B) Chennai
(C) Kolkata
(D) Mysore
Ans: D
21. Assertion (A): The very position of folklore in the cultural milieu shows its complex relationship with other cultural expressions.
Reason (R): Therefore the discipline of folklore is required to be developed on interdisciplinary thrusts only.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, (R) is incorrect.
(B) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(D) (A) is correct, (R) is partially correct.
Ans: C
22. Assertion (A): If folklore is to be examined for its universal elements, then it should be seen as a historically fixed fact.
Reason (R): Since it is also a dynamic and on-going process giving cultural results.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, (R) is partially correct.
(B) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
(C) (A) is partially correct, (R) is not correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
Ans: B
23. Assertion (A): Indian folklore itself identifies various folk groups and assigns them stereotypical characteristics.
Reason (R): This phenomenon is also taken as an example of Meta folklore.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, (R) is not correct.
(B) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are partially correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
Ans: D
24. Assertion (A): One of the important features of folklore is variation. During the process of transmission all the items of folklore especially oral narratives will have more variations than the minor oral genres.
Reason (R): But the minor genres such as proverb, riddle and jokes never provide space for occurring variations and because of this nature they are termed as ‘fixed phrase genres’.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, and (R) is partially correct.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(C) (A) is correct and (R) is not correct.
(D) (A) is not correct and (R) is correct.
Ans: C
25. Assertion (A): Most literary genres are easily identifiable in terms of structure.
Reason (R): But folk poetry is different, for it is defined not only in terms of form but also in terms of its manner of transmission.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(B) (A) is correct and (R) is not correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(D) (A) is not correct and (R) is correct.
Ans: A
26. Assertion (A): Folk costume is one of the symbols of folk community, and one of the variables of a culture.
Reason (R): As a symbol it expresses the basic needs as well as the basic structure of a folk community and as a variable it becomes a means of identifying the pervading culture.
Codes:
(A) (A) is partially correct, (R) is not correct.
(B) (A) is correct, (R) is partially correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(D) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
Ans: B
27. Assertion (A): Folklore has been and continues to be a reflection and a weapon of class conflicts.
Reason (R): That is why Marx and Gorky declared that folklore must be considered from the social political point of view.
Codes:
(A) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(D) (A) is correct and (R) is not correct.
Ans: D
28. Assertion (A): Since folk literature depends on its own cultural climate, modern folk stories are influenced by modern life, communication and multiculturalism.
Reason (R): Because easy travel opportunities and immediate information on world affairs have made folk communities more cosmopolitan than ethnic.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, (R) is partially correct.
(B) (A) is partially correct, (R) is correct.
(C) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
Ans: B
29. Assertion (A): Pre-proppian era was closely guided by variable elements in all kinds of folklore studies because that was the only option to study folklore.
Reason (R): But the different approach founded by propp is the constant action in his morphological analysis.
Codes:
(A) (A) is not correct and (R) is correct.
(B) (A) is correct and (R) is not correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are not correct.
Ans: A
30. Assertion (A): It is apparent that the training of the folklorist requires considerable experience in the field, the library, the archives, the museum.
Reason (R): Yet many person feel they can understand folklore in a five minute conversation.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, (R) is not correct.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(C) (A) is not correct, (R) is correct.
(D) (A) is correct, (R) is partially correct.
Ans: B
31. Which one is the correct sequence of functional folklorists?
(A) B. Malinowski, Ruth Benedict, Linda Degh, W. Bascom.
(B) Ruth Benediet, W. Bascom, B. Malinowski, Linda Degh.
(C) Ruth Benediet, B. Malinowski, W. Bascom, Linda Degh
(D) B. Malinowski, Ruth Benediet, Linda Degh, W. Bascom
Ans: C
32. Which one is not the correct sequence of Folklore theories?
(A) Functional, Structural, Oral formulaic, Contextual.
(B) Historical-reconstructional, Ideological, Functional, Psychoanalytical.
(C) Structural, Oral-formulaic, Cross cultural, Mass cultural.
(D) Contextual, Structural, Functional, Oral-formulaic.
Ans: D
33. According to Dorson give the correct sequence of the four major categories of Folklore and Folk life?
(A) Oral literature, Material culture, Social folk custom, performing folk arts.
(B) Material culture, Social folk custom, oral literature, performing folk arts.
(C) Social folk custom, Performing folk arts, Oral literature, Material culture.
(D) Oral literature, Performing folk arts, Material culture, Social folk custom.
Ans: A
34. Give the correct sequence of the books in which they appeared?
(A) Another Harmony, Folklore: An introduction, Folkloristics and Indian Folklore, Folklore: The pulse of the people.
(B) Folklore: The pulse of the people, Another Harmony, Folklore: An Introduction, Folkloristics and Indian Folklore.
(C) Folklore: An Introduction, Another Harmony, Folkloristics and Indian Folklore, Folklore: The pulse of the people.
(D) Another Harmony, Folklore: The pulse of the people, Folklore: An Introduction, Folkloristics and Indian Folklore.
Ans: B
35. Which of the given concepts are in correct order?
(A) Diffusion, motif, type, function.
(B) Motif, type, diffusion, function.
(C) Type, motif, diffusion, function.
(D) Function, type, motif, diffusion.
Ans: C
36. Find out the correct order of the following advocates of structural analysis.
(A) Lord Raglan, Andre Jolles, Alan Dundes, Vladimir Propp.
(B) Andre Jolles, Lord Raglan, Vladimir Propp, Alan Dundes.
(C) Alan Dundes, Vladimir Propp, Andre Jolles, Lord Raglan.
(D) Andre Jolles, Alan Dundes, Lord Raglan, Vladimir Propp.
Ans: B
37. Match the following List – I with List – II.
List – I List – II
a. Multiculturalism 1. Mass culture
b. Folklorismus 2. Supernatural
c. Marchen 3. Ethnic diversity
d. Myth 4. Folktale
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 2 3 1 4
(B) 4 2 3 1
(C) 1 4 2 3
(D) 3 1 4 2
Ans: D
38. Which one is not correctly matched?
(A) Baisakhi: Punjab
(B) Dussehr :Kulu
(C) Pongal: Orissa
(D) Holi: Uttar Pradesh
Ans: C
39. Which one is correctly matched?
(A) Onam: Tamil Nadu
(B) Bihu: Manipur
(C) Ganesh Chaturth: Maharashtra
(D) Ugadi: Assam
Ans: C
40. Match the following List – I with List – II
List – I List – II
a. A Bibliography of Indian Folk Literature 1. Jhaverchand Meghani
b. Folk Literature of Gujarat 2. Sankar Sen Gupta
c. Another Harmony 3. Jawaharlal Handoo
d. Folklore Research in India 4. Blackburn and Ramanujan
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 3 1 4 2
(B) 2 4 1 3
(C) 4 2 3 1
(D) 1 3 2 4
Ans: A
41. Match the following List – I with List – II.
List – I List – II
a. The Hand Book of Folklore 1. V.J. Propp
b. Golden Bough 2. A.H. Krappe
c. The Science of Folklore 3. C.S. Burne
d. The Morphology of the Folktale 4. J.G. Frager
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 2 1 4 3
(B) 3 4 2 1
(C) 4 2 1 3
(D) 1 3 4 2
Ans: B
42. Match the following List – I with List – II.
List – I List – II
a. Tamasha 1. Folk costume
b. Mohiniattam 2. Folk musical instrument
c. Malisaar 3. Folk drama
d. Paembai 4. Folk dance
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 1 3 2 4
(B) 4 1 3 1
(C) 2 2 4 3
(D) 3 4 1 2
Ans: D
43. Match items of List – I with List – II
List – I List – II
a. Alan Dundes 1. American Folk life
b. Dan Ben Amos 2. The Savage Mind
c. Don Yoder 3. Interpreting Folklore
d. Claude Levi Strauss 4. Folklore in Context: Essays
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 2 3 4 1
(B) 4 2 3 1
(C) 3 4 1 2
(D) 1 2 3 4
Ans: C
44. Match the following List – I with List – II.
List – I List – II
a. V. Proop 1. Motif
b. Kenneth Pike 2. Allomotif
c. Alan Dundes 3. Motifeme
d. Stith Thompson 4. Function
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 2 4 1 3
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 1 2 4 3
Ans: B
45. Match the following List – I with List – II.
List – I List – II
a. Folklore Resources and Research Centre (FRRC) 1. Bhopal
b. Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts (IGNCA) 2. Udupi
c. Lok Kala Parishad 3. New Delhi
d. Regional Resource Centre for Folk performing Arts (RRC) 4. Palayam Kottai
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 2 4 3 1
(B) 3 2 4 1
(C) 4 3 1 2
(D) 1 2 3 4
Ans: C
46. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(A) Deepavali, Holi: North India
(B) Lai haraoba, Bihu: East India
(C) Pongal, Onam: South India
(D) Baisakhi, Ugadi: West India
Ans: D
Read the passage below and answer the questions (47-50).
But in 1955, when Levi-Strauss first presented his paper, ‘The Structural Study of Myth’, it took the Anglo-American intellectual world by surprise. We were not at all aware of these sorts of ideas, and still fixed upon thoroughly empirical levels of analysis of course, this was not true of linguistics, but by that time linguistics has separated from its sister discipline of anthropology. The study of folklore was particularly empiricist, with the historical geographical school at its peak and the Aarne-Thompson Tale and Motif Indices the major tools of the trade. In anthropology, functionalism dominated the British scene. Americans were caught up in debates between functionalists, historicists and neo-evolutionists. All these currents were empirical and concerned with surface features of culture and generalizations about society. And furthermore, these disciplines tended to divide themselves from one another in terms of the subjects it was thought appropriate for them to study. Linguistics studied language, anthropology studied society and material culture and folklore studied oral traditions. Subject matter, methodology and a sense of intellectual territoriality separated the disciplines.
47. Which is the correct statement?
(A) The Anglo-American intellectual world was not aware about the ideas propounded by Levi-Strauss.
(B) The Anglo-American intellectual world was familiar with the ideas given by Levi-Strauss.
(C) There was no debate between functionalists, historicists and neo-evolutionists.
(D) None of the above.
Ans: A
48. Who was concerned with the surface features of culture and society?
(A) Historicists and neo evolutionists
(B) Functionalism that dominated the British scene
(C) Historical-Geographical school
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
49. Which is the area of study of folklore?
(A) Language
(B) Society and Material Culture
(C) Oral traditions
(D) None of the above
Ans: C
50. Which disciplines were separated on the basis of subject matter, methodology and intellectual territoriality?
(A) History, Geography, Anthropology.
(B) Linguistics, Anthropology, Folklore.
(C) Psychology, Linguistics, Folklore.
(D) Folklore, History, Culture.
Ans: B
51. List – I List – II
(Research Method) (Research Approach)
a. Survey method i. Quantitative approach
b. Experimental method ii. Field approach
c. Hermeneutic method iii. Textual approach
d. Ethnographic method iv. Qualitative approach
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii iii iv i
(B) i iv iii ii
(C) iv i ii iii
(D) iii i ii iv
Ans: B
52. List – I List – II
a. Nibelungenlied i. France
b. Kalevala ii. Germany
c. Chanson de Geste iii. Estonia
d. Kalevipoeg iv. Finland
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i iii ii iv
(B) iii i iv ii
(C) ii iv i iii
(D) ii iii iv i
Ans: C
53. List – I List – II
(Concept) (Profounders)
a. Gross constituent i.Alan Dundes
b. Motifeme ii. LawriHonko
c. Function iii. Levi-Strauss
d. Multiform iv. V. Propp
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii iv i iii
(B) iv i iii ii
(C) i iii ii iv
(D) iii i iv ii
Ans: D
54. List – I List – II
(Folk group) (State)
a. Badaga i. Karnataka
b. Boya ii. Maharashtra
c. Dhangar iii. Andhra Pradesh
d. Okkaliga iv. Tamil Nadu
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv iii ii i
(B) ii iii iv i
(C) iii i ii iv
(D) i iii iv ii
Ans: A
55. List – I) List – II
(Genre (Content)
a. Ballad i. Museum
b. Legend ii. Poetic narrative
c. Material culture iii. Healing practice
d. Shamanism iv. Prose narrative
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv iii ii i
(B) ii iii iv i
(C) iv ii i iii
(D) ii iv i iii
Ans: D
56. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Separation in rites of passage is – Liminality
(B) Between and betwixt position in rites of passage – Liminality
(C) Incorporation in rites of passage is followed by – Reincorporation
(D) Separation in rites of passage is followed by – Reincorporation
Ans: B
57. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Insiders’ perspective – Etic
(B) Outsiders’ perspective – Emic
(C) Insiders’ perspective – Emic
(D) Researchers’ perspective – Emic
Ans: C
58. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Dynamics of Folklore – Alan Dundes
(B) Folklore and Folklife – Richard Bauman
(C) Verbal Art as Performance – Ben-Amos
(D) Folklore Genres – Elliot Oring
Ans: D
59. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Vgadi – Odisha
(B) Baisakhi – Punjab
(C) Bihu – Karnataka
(D) Onam – Assam
Ans: B
60. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Indian Oedipus – E.B. Taylor
(B) Fakelore – Alan Dundes
(C) Schematicanalysis– Levi-Strauss
(D) Acculturaion – A.K. Ramanujan
Ans: C
61. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(A) The analysis of the results is much more subjective – Qualitative research
(B) The data is usually gathered using less structured research instruments – Quantitative research
(C) The data is usually gathered using more structured research instruments – Quantitative research
(D) The research is more intensive and more flexible, allowing the researcher to proble since she/he has greater latitude to do so
Ans: B
62. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(A) Film and Television Institute of India – Kolkata
(B) Regional Resource Centre – Uduppi
(C) National Folklore Support Centre – Chennai
(D) Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts – New Delhi
Ans: A
63. Sequence various levels in language study:
I. Morphology
II. Phonetic
III. Phonemic
IV. Syntactic
Codes:
(A) I, II, III, IV
(B) II, III, I, IV
(C) III, IV, II, I
(D) I, IV, II, III
Ans: B
64. Identify by the correct pair
(A) Shayadri – Surya
(B) Kailash – Vishnu
(C) Sabarimala – Ayyappan
(D) Aravali – Kali
Ans: C
65. Who applied Morphology of the Folktale to analyse American Indian tales?
(A) Stith Thompson
(B) Alan Dundes
(C) Brenda F. Beck
(D) Margaret Trawick
Ans: B
66. ‘Id’ is related to
I. Morality
II. Instinct
III. Desire
IV. Libido
Codes:
(A) I and II are correct.
(B) II and III are correct.
(C) III and IV are correct.
(D) II and IV are correct.
Ans: D
67. ‘Folklore is the expression of oppressed’. This definition is associated with
(A) Psycho analytical approach
(B) Analytical psychological approach
(C) Marxian approach
(D) Max Webbarian approach
Ans: C
68. Identify the pair which is not correct:
(A) Introvert – Eric Fromm
(B) Anima – Jung
(C) Oedipus complex – Freud
(D) Mirror stage – Laccan
Ans: A
69. The author of ‘Interpretation of Culture’ is
(A) Clifford Marcus
(B) Clifford Geerz
(C) Hobsbowm
(D) Margaret Mead
Ans: B
70. Verrier Elwin worked on
(A) Western India
(B) South India
(C) Middle India
(D) Coastal India
Ans: C
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow based on the passage:
Story-telling has been an integral ingredient of the cultures of all societies throughout human history. Narratives recounting unusual happenings accepted as truth on faith, or incidents rather vaguely believed to have taken place, and stories of purely fictitious formulations are told and retold. Correspondingly, myths, legends and folktales have been accepted as the three basic forms of narratives of universal distribution. These three have generally been taken as “prose narrative forms” in western folklore scholarship. It is, however, to be noted that this three-fold classification of narratives does not apply to folklore material in all societies, and secondly such narrative genres are not necessarily in prose form in all societies. This in various North-Eastern societies, both tribal and non-tribal, the lines between the three categories – myth, legend and tale – are not very clearly drawn, and even if the notion of distinction between them is present, separate terms to designate them are not available. While folktales normally do have the prose character, other narrative items which have the contents normally associated with myths and legends are more often than not in the verse form and they are chanted or sung. This is particularly true of items connected with ritualistic beliefs and practices.
71. Identify the prose narrative form given in the passage
(A) Proverb
(B) Ballad
(C) Myth
(D) Epic
Ans: B
72. In the North-Eastern societies the distinction between prose narrative forms are not available identify the prose narratives that are found in Western folklore:
I. Myth
II. Belief
III. Legend
IV. Anecdote
Codes:
(A) I & II are correct.
(B) II & IV are correct.
(C) I & III are correct.
(D) I & IV are correct.
Ans: C
73. Assertion (A): Three fold classification of narrative does not apply to all societies.
Reason (R): They are also found in verse form.
(A) (A) is correct and (R) is not correct explanation.
(B) Both (A) & (R) are not correct.
(C) (A) is false and (R) is correct
(D) (A) is correct and (R) is correct explanation.
Ans: C
74. Sequence the order of folk genres as appear in the passage
(A) Legend, Myth, Folktale, Belief
(B) Myth, Legend, Folktale, Belief
(C) Folktale, Legend, Belief, Myth
(D) Belief, Legend, Myth, Folktale
Ans: A
75. Match the items of List – I with List – II.
List – I List – II
(Genre) (Nature of Genre)
a. Myth i. Believed as fact
b. Folktale ii. Accepted as truth
c. Belief iii. Fictions formulation
d. Legend iv. Ritualistic practice
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii iii iv i
(B) ii iv i iii
(C) i ii iii iv
(D) iv ii i iii
Ans: C
76. ‘Myth in Primitive Psychology, (Malinowski) deals with
(A) Ritualistic context of folklore
(B) Social context of folklore
(C) Religious context of folklore
(D) Psychological context of folklore
Ans: B
77. The medium of nearly all folklore is
(A) Performer
(B) Orality
(C) Audience
(D) Tradition
Ans: B
78. The 31st, Session of ‘Indian Folklore Congress’ (IFC) was held at
(A) Santiniketan (West Bengal)
(B) Amritsar (Punjab)
(C) Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
(D) Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala)
Ans: A
79. Taboo is
(A) Beliefs in folklife
(B) Rituals in cultural life
(C) Customs in social life
(D) Don’ts in socio-cultural life
Ans: D
80. National Folklore Support Centre is situated at
(A) Kolkata
(B) Bangalore
(C) New Delhi
(D) Chennai
Ans: D
81. Small units of narrative occurring in oral circulation is called
(A) Myths
(B) Motifs
(C) Legends
(D) Motifemes
Ans: B
82. Jatak stories are related to
(A) Travels of Buddha
(B) Contemporary life of Buddha
(C) Spiritual life of Buddha
(D) Previous life of Buddha
Ans: D
83. Myth is based on
(A) Supernatural and religion
(B) History and religion
(C) Ethics and religion
(D) Legend and religion
Ans: A
84. Legend is based on
(A) History and religion
(B) Myth and religion
(C) Supernatural and religion
(D) Ethics and religion
Ans: A
85. The volume of collected articles on Indian folklore ‘Another Harmony:
New essays of the folklore of India’ is jointly edited by
(A) Ramanujan and Stuart H. Blackburn
(B) Peter J. Claus and Stuart H. Blackburn
(C) Stuart H. Blackburn and A. K. Ramanujan
(D) A. K. Ramanujan and Peter J. Claus
Ans: C
86. Which one is the correct group of folklore theories
(A) Historical-reconstructional, ideological, anthropological
(B) Structural, geographic, oral formalistic
(C) Cross-cultural, folk cultural, mass-cultural
(D) Psychoanalytic, socio-cultural, formalistic
Ans: C
87. A description about a particular culture is
(A) Ethnology
(B) Ethnography
(C) Ethnohistory
(D) Ecology
Ans: B
88. Performance studies consider folklore
(A) in action
(B) in the past
(C) in the form of an idealized text
(D) in the fossilized text
Ans: A
89. The folklore which is taken out of context and used for some other purposes is called
(A) Function of folklore
(B) Folklorism
(C) Folklore process
(D) Application of culture
Ans: B
90. The nomenclature “Folk-lore” was adopted in place of the cumbersome phrase
(A) Popular culture
(B) Popular antiquities
(C) Material culture
(D) Popular folk traditions
Ans: B
91. Who has said folklore “essentially of the people, by the people and for the people”?
(A) Mac Edward Leach
(B) Theodor H. Gaster
(C) Theodor Benfey
(D) Roger D. Abrahams
Ans: B
92. The term ‘Oediphs complex’ is related with
(A) A. J. Greimas
(B) Earnest Jones
(C) Sigmund Freud
(D) C. G. Jung
Ans: C
93. The relationships of folklore to culture is generally explored by
(A) Sociology
(B) History
(C) Anthropology
(D) Geography
Ans: C
94. ‘Lai Haraoba’ is a festival in the state of
(A) Mizoram
(B) Manipur
(C) Orissa
(D) Rajasthan
Ans: B
95. Richard M. Dorson outlined four broad categories of folklore
(A) Oral literature, Customary traditions, Dance forms and Customs
(B) Oral literature, Material culture, Customary traditions and Song genres
(C) Oral folkforms, Performing arts, Material culture and Social folk custom
(D) Oral literature, Material culture, Social folk custom and Performing folk arts
Ans: D
96. Assertion (A): Richard Dorson’s recommendations for the demonstration of folklore as a literature are for a folklorist seeking ethnographic data.
Reason (R): But they are not useful for a literary scholar interested in determining a ethodology to identify authentic folklore
(A) (A) is incorrect (R) is correct.
(B) (A) is correct (R) is incorrect.
(C) (A) is correct (R) is partially correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) is correct.
Ans: B
97. Assertion (A): Verbal art and literature are similar with regard to both the method of transmission and the method of creation.
Reason (R): Whereas the materials of folklore originate from the folk itself and that of literature with ‘pen in hand’.
(A) (A) is correct (R) is incorrect.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(C) (A) is incorrect (R) is correct.
(D) (A) is correct (R) is partially correct.
Ans: C
98. Assertion (A): Various terms were proposed in different Indian languages to refer the subject of folklore after the arrival of the British. The term Janapada often used in South Indian languages to refer to folklore, is a modern creation. So too is the Hindi lokvartha and lokayana and Bengali lok sahitya.
Reason (R): In part, these coinages can be seen simply as efforts to translate the English term ‘folklore’. If that is all that our concern were, it would be a relatively simple matter of choosing a ‘good Bengali term’, a ‘good Kannada term’, a ‘good Telugu term’ and so on, in the same manner as Thoms did.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are not true.
(C) (A) is true but (R) is not true.
(D) (A) is not true but (R) is true.
Ans: A
99. Assertion (A): We must be cautious in our universal application of the term folklore, for history teaches as that different people use the term in culturally specific ways, or they opt for other terms to replace it.
Reason (R): In Meso-America, Hispanic scholars consciously chose not to use the term ‘folklore’ because of its associations with colonial imperialism. Instead, they decided to adhere to the older definitions akin to ‘popular antiquities’.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are not true.
(C) (A) is true but (R) is untrue.
(D) (A) is untrue but (R) is true.
Ans: A
100. Assertion (A) : A narrative folk poem is not only a poem that tells a story it is also a poem that has been transmitted primarily by word of mouth and changed in the process.
Reason (R): Therefore without additional, extraneous information no one can distinguish a narrative folk poem from any other sort of narrative poem.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
(B) (A) is correct (R) is incorrect.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(D) (A) is incorrect (R) is correct.
Ans: C
(Research Method) (Research Approach)
a. Survey method i. Quantitative approach
b. Experimental method ii. Field approach
c. Hermeneutic method iii. Textual approach
d. Ethnographic method iv. Qualitative approach
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii iii iv i
(B) i iv iii ii
(C) iv i ii iii
(D) iii i ii iv
Ans: B
52. List – I List – II
a. Nibelungenlied i. France
b. Kalevala ii. Germany
c. Chanson de Geste iii. Estonia
d. Kalevipoeg iv. Finland
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i iii ii iv
(B) iii i iv ii
(C) ii iv i iii
(D) ii iii iv i
Ans: C
53. List – I List – II
(Concept) (Profounders)
a. Gross constituent i.Alan Dundes
b. Motifeme ii. LawriHonko
c. Function iii. Levi-Strauss
d. Multiform iv. V. Propp
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii iv i iii
(B) iv i iii ii
(C) i iii ii iv
(D) iii i iv ii
Ans: D
54. List – I List – II
(Folk group) (State)
a. Badaga i. Karnataka
b. Boya ii. Maharashtra
c. Dhangar iii. Andhra Pradesh
d. Okkaliga iv. Tamil Nadu
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv iii ii i
(B) ii iii iv i
(C) iii i ii iv
(D) i iii iv ii
Ans: A
55. List – I) List – II
(Genre (Content)
a. Ballad i. Museum
b. Legend ii. Poetic narrative
c. Material culture iii. Healing practice
d. Shamanism iv. Prose narrative
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv iii ii i
(B) ii iii iv i
(C) iv ii i iii
(D) ii iv i iii
Ans: D
56. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Separation in rites of passage is – Liminality
(B) Between and betwixt position in rites of passage – Liminality
(C) Incorporation in rites of passage is followed by – Reincorporation
(D) Separation in rites of passage is followed by – Reincorporation
Ans: B
57. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Insiders’ perspective – Etic
(B) Outsiders’ perspective – Emic
(C) Insiders’ perspective – Emic
(D) Researchers’ perspective – Emic
Ans: C
58. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Dynamics of Folklore – Alan Dundes
(B) Folklore and Folklife – Richard Bauman
(C) Verbal Art as Performance – Ben-Amos
(D) Folklore Genres – Elliot Oring
Ans: D
59. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Vgadi – Odisha
(B) Baisakhi – Punjab
(C) Bihu – Karnataka
(D) Onam – Assam
Ans: B
60. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Indian Oedipus – E.B. Taylor
(B) Fakelore – Alan Dundes
(C) Schematicanalysis– Levi-Strauss
(D) Acculturaion – A.K. Ramanujan
Ans: C
61. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(A) The analysis of the results is much more subjective – Qualitative research
(B) The data is usually gathered using less structured research instruments – Quantitative research
(C) The data is usually gathered using more structured research instruments – Quantitative research
(D) The research is more intensive and more flexible, allowing the researcher to proble since she/he has greater latitude to do so
Ans: B
62. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(A) Film and Television Institute of India – Kolkata
(B) Regional Resource Centre – Uduppi
(C) National Folklore Support Centre – Chennai
(D) Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts – New Delhi
Ans: A
63. Sequence various levels in language study:
I. Morphology
II. Phonetic
III. Phonemic
IV. Syntactic
Codes:
(A) I, II, III, IV
(B) II, III, I, IV
(C) III, IV, II, I
(D) I, IV, II, III
Ans: B
64. Identify by the correct pair
(A) Shayadri – Surya
(B) Kailash – Vishnu
(C) Sabarimala – Ayyappan
(D) Aravali – Kali
Ans: C
65. Who applied Morphology of the Folktale to analyse American Indian tales?
(A) Stith Thompson
(B) Alan Dundes
(C) Brenda F. Beck
(D) Margaret Trawick
Ans: B
66. ‘Id’ is related to
I. Morality
II. Instinct
III. Desire
IV. Libido
Codes:
(A) I and II are correct.
(B) II and III are correct.
(C) III and IV are correct.
(D) II and IV are correct.
Ans: D
67. ‘Folklore is the expression of oppressed’. This definition is associated with
(A) Psycho analytical approach
(B) Analytical psychological approach
(C) Marxian approach
(D) Max Webbarian approach
Ans: C
68. Identify the pair which is not correct:
(A) Introvert – Eric Fromm
(B) Anima – Jung
(C) Oedipus complex – Freud
(D) Mirror stage – Laccan
Ans: A
69. The author of ‘Interpretation of Culture’ is
(A) Clifford Marcus
(B) Clifford Geerz
(C) Hobsbowm
(D) Margaret Mead
Ans: B
70. Verrier Elwin worked on
(A) Western India
(B) South India
(C) Middle India
(D) Coastal India
Ans: C
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow based on the passage:
Story-telling has been an integral ingredient of the cultures of all societies throughout human history. Narratives recounting unusual happenings accepted as truth on faith, or incidents rather vaguely believed to have taken place, and stories of purely fictitious formulations are told and retold. Correspondingly, myths, legends and folktales have been accepted as the three basic forms of narratives of universal distribution. These three have generally been taken as “prose narrative forms” in western folklore scholarship. It is, however, to be noted that this three-fold classification of narratives does not apply to folklore material in all societies, and secondly such narrative genres are not necessarily in prose form in all societies. This in various North-Eastern societies, both tribal and non-tribal, the lines between the three categories – myth, legend and tale – are not very clearly drawn, and even if the notion of distinction between them is present, separate terms to designate them are not available. While folktales normally do have the prose character, other narrative items which have the contents normally associated with myths and legends are more often than not in the verse form and they are chanted or sung. This is particularly true of items connected with ritualistic beliefs and practices.
71. Identify the prose narrative form given in the passage
(A) Proverb
(B) Ballad
(C) Myth
(D) Epic
Ans: B
72. In the North-Eastern societies the distinction between prose narrative forms are not available identify the prose narratives that are found in Western folklore:
I. Myth
II. Belief
III. Legend
IV. Anecdote
Codes:
(A) I & II are correct.
(B) II & IV are correct.
(C) I & III are correct.
(D) I & IV are correct.
Ans: C
73. Assertion (A): Three fold classification of narrative does not apply to all societies.
Reason (R): They are also found in verse form.
(A) (A) is correct and (R) is not correct explanation.
(B) Both (A) & (R) are not correct.
(C) (A) is false and (R) is correct
(D) (A) is correct and (R) is correct explanation.
Ans: C
74. Sequence the order of folk genres as appear in the passage
(A) Legend, Myth, Folktale, Belief
(B) Myth, Legend, Folktale, Belief
(C) Folktale, Legend, Belief, Myth
(D) Belief, Legend, Myth, Folktale
Ans: A
75. Match the items of List – I with List – II.
List – I List – II
(Genre) (Nature of Genre)
a. Myth i. Believed as fact
b. Folktale ii. Accepted as truth
c. Belief iii. Fictions formulation
d. Legend iv. Ritualistic practice
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii iii iv i
(B) ii iv i iii
(C) i ii iii iv
(D) iv ii i iii
Ans: C
76. ‘Myth in Primitive Psychology, (Malinowski) deals with
(A) Ritualistic context of folklore
(B) Social context of folklore
(C) Religious context of folklore
(D) Psychological context of folklore
Ans: B
77. The medium of nearly all folklore is
(A) Performer
(B) Orality
(C) Audience
(D) Tradition
Ans: B
78. The 31st, Session of ‘Indian Folklore Congress’ (IFC) was held at
(A) Santiniketan (West Bengal)
(B) Amritsar (Punjab)
(C) Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
(D) Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala)
Ans: A
79. Taboo is
(A) Beliefs in folklife
(B) Rituals in cultural life
(C) Customs in social life
(D) Don’ts in socio-cultural life
Ans: D
80. National Folklore Support Centre is situated at
(A) Kolkata
(B) Bangalore
(C) New Delhi
(D) Chennai
Ans: D
81. Small units of narrative occurring in oral circulation is called
(A) Myths
(B) Motifs
(C) Legends
(D) Motifemes
Ans: B
82. Jatak stories are related to
(A) Travels of Buddha
(B) Contemporary life of Buddha
(C) Spiritual life of Buddha
(D) Previous life of Buddha
Ans: D
83. Myth is based on
(A) Supernatural and religion
(B) History and religion
(C) Ethics and religion
(D) Legend and religion
Ans: A
84. Legend is based on
(A) History and religion
(B) Myth and religion
(C) Supernatural and religion
(D) Ethics and religion
Ans: A
85. The volume of collected articles on Indian folklore ‘Another Harmony:
New essays of the folklore of India’ is jointly edited by
(A) Ramanujan and Stuart H. Blackburn
(B) Peter J. Claus and Stuart H. Blackburn
(C) Stuart H. Blackburn and A. K. Ramanujan
(D) A. K. Ramanujan and Peter J. Claus
Ans: C
86. Which one is the correct group of folklore theories
(A) Historical-reconstructional, ideological, anthropological
(B) Structural, geographic, oral formalistic
(C) Cross-cultural, folk cultural, mass-cultural
(D) Psychoanalytic, socio-cultural, formalistic
Ans: C
87. A description about a particular culture is
(A) Ethnology
(B) Ethnography
(C) Ethnohistory
(D) Ecology
Ans: B
88. Performance studies consider folklore
(A) in action
(B) in the past
(C) in the form of an idealized text
(D) in the fossilized text
Ans: A
89. The folklore which is taken out of context and used for some other purposes is called
(A) Function of folklore
(B) Folklorism
(C) Folklore process
(D) Application of culture
Ans: B
90. The nomenclature “Folk-lore” was adopted in place of the cumbersome phrase
(A) Popular culture
(B) Popular antiquities
(C) Material culture
(D) Popular folk traditions
Ans: B
91. Who has said folklore “essentially of the people, by the people and for the people”?
(A) Mac Edward Leach
(B) Theodor H. Gaster
(C) Theodor Benfey
(D) Roger D. Abrahams
Ans: B
92. The term ‘Oediphs complex’ is related with
(A) A. J. Greimas
(B) Earnest Jones
(C) Sigmund Freud
(D) C. G. Jung
Ans: C
93. The relationships of folklore to culture is generally explored by
(A) Sociology
(B) History
(C) Anthropology
(D) Geography
Ans: C
94. ‘Lai Haraoba’ is a festival in the state of
(A) Mizoram
(B) Manipur
(C) Orissa
(D) Rajasthan
Ans: B
95. Richard M. Dorson outlined four broad categories of folklore
(A) Oral literature, Customary traditions, Dance forms and Customs
(B) Oral literature, Material culture, Customary traditions and Song genres
(C) Oral folkforms, Performing arts, Material culture and Social folk custom
(D) Oral literature, Material culture, Social folk custom and Performing folk arts
Ans: D
96. Assertion (A): Richard Dorson’s recommendations for the demonstration of folklore as a literature are for a folklorist seeking ethnographic data.
Reason (R): But they are not useful for a literary scholar interested in determining a ethodology to identify authentic folklore
(A) (A) is incorrect (R) is correct.
(B) (A) is correct (R) is incorrect.
(C) (A) is correct (R) is partially correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) is correct.
Ans: B
97. Assertion (A): Verbal art and literature are similar with regard to both the method of transmission and the method of creation.
Reason (R): Whereas the materials of folklore originate from the folk itself and that of literature with ‘pen in hand’.
(A) (A) is correct (R) is incorrect.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(C) (A) is incorrect (R) is correct.
(D) (A) is correct (R) is partially correct.
Ans: C
98. Assertion (A): Various terms were proposed in different Indian languages to refer the subject of folklore after the arrival of the British. The term Janapada often used in South Indian languages to refer to folklore, is a modern creation. So too is the Hindi lokvartha and lokayana and Bengali lok sahitya.
Reason (R): In part, these coinages can be seen simply as efforts to translate the English term ‘folklore’. If that is all that our concern were, it would be a relatively simple matter of choosing a ‘good Bengali term’, a ‘good Kannada term’, a ‘good Telugu term’ and so on, in the same manner as Thoms did.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are not true.
(C) (A) is true but (R) is not true.
(D) (A) is not true but (R) is true.
Ans: A
99. Assertion (A): We must be cautious in our universal application of the term folklore, for history teaches as that different people use the term in culturally specific ways, or they opt for other terms to replace it.
Reason (R): In Meso-America, Hispanic scholars consciously chose not to use the term ‘folklore’ because of its associations with colonial imperialism. Instead, they decided to adhere to the older definitions akin to ‘popular antiquities’.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are not true.
(C) (A) is true but (R) is untrue.
(D) (A) is untrue but (R) is true.
Ans: A
100. Assertion (A) : A narrative folk poem is not only a poem that tells a story it is also a poem that has been transmitted primarily by word of mouth and changed in the process.
Reason (R): Therefore without additional, extraneous information no one can distinguish a narrative folk poem from any other sort of narrative poem.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
(B) (A) is correct (R) is incorrect.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(D) (A) is incorrect (R) is correct.
Ans: C