CRIMINOLOGY
CRIMINOLOGY SYLLABUS
(The syllabus may change from time to time. Please check with the relevant Public Service Commission websites for any changes in the syllabus)
Paper II & Paper III (Part A & Part B) Syllabus
Unit – I
UGC NET Criminology: Definition and Scope, Criminology and other Social Sciences; Legal, Social and Psychological Aspects of Crime; Traditional Crimes – Crimes against Property and Person;
Modern Crimes: Organized Crimes, Socio – Economic Crimes, Corruption, Cyber Crimes, Environmental Crimes, Terrorism and Insurgency; Crime and Politics.
Unit – II
Criminological thought in Ancient India and Abroad; Classical School and Neoclassical School; Positive School; Cartographic School; Sociological Theories – Social Structural Theories and Social Process Theories; Economic Theories of Crime; Critical Criminology / Radical Criminology / Labelling perspective.
Unit – III
Constitutional Theories: Body Types, Hereditary Traits, Endocrine Glands; Behaviourist Theories : Drives, Motives, Attitudes, Frustrations; Psycho-analytical Theories; Psychopathic Personality; Mental Health and Criminal Liability; Application of Psychology in Police, Courts and Corrections.
Unit – IV
Criminological Research: Importance and Types; Research Questions and Hypotheses; Research Design; Sampling, Data Collection, Data Analysis, Interpretation and Report Writing; Statistical Application in Criminological Research; Sources of Crime Statistics in India and Crime Trends.
Unit – V
Social Change, Social Disorganization and Social Problems; Victimless Crimes : Alcoholism, Drug Addiction, Beggary, Commercial Sex, Suicide; Family centred Crimes : Dowry, Domestic Violence, Child Abuse; Community Problems : Inter – religion and Inter – caste tensions and conflicts.
Unit – VI
Juvenile Delinquency: Concept and Causes; Pre – delinquency stages : Truancy and Vagrancy; U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for Juvenile Justice ( Beijing Rules ); Main Features of Juvenile Justice Act; Institutional Services : Observation Homes, Juvenile Homes, Special Homes, and ‘fit’ Institutions; Juvenile Aftercare Services.
Unit – VII
History and Theories of Punishment: Historical Development from Punishment to Correction and Reformation, Prison Reform since Independence; Types of Punishment – Simple and rigorous imprisonment – Capital Punishment – Views of Abolitionists and Retentionists; Current problems and challenges in Prison Administration; Indeterminate and Determinate sentence.
Unit – VIII
Prison System in India; Correctional Programs in Jails; Aftercare Services for Adult and Juvenile Offenders; Probation, Parole – Concept and Historical Development, Probation under Different Laws.
Unit – IX
Legal Approaches: Accustorical and Inquisitorial; Substantive and Procedural Laws – Criminal Liability, Strict Liability; Indian Penal Code – General Exceptions, Offences Against Property; Criminal Procedure Code ; Cognizable and Non – Cognizable offences, Bailable and Non – bailable, Compoundable and Non – compoundable offences; Investigation of Crimes; Complaint, F.I.R., Powers of Police Officers, Arrest, Search, Seizure, Police Custody, Judicial Remand and Bail; Types of Evidence, Admissibility of Confession, Dying declaration; Rights of accused, Rights of victims, Rights of women in custody, Rights of prisoners.
Unit – X
Victimology: Concept, Origin and Development, Need to Study Victims, Victim Typology, Role of Victim in Criminal Phenomenon – Victim Precipitation; U.N. Declaration on the Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power; Victim’s Rights – Fair Access to Justice, Restitution, Compensation, and Assistance; Victim Compensation Schemes in India; Human Rights – Protection of Human Rights Act.
Paper II & Paper III (Part A & Part B) Syllabus
Unit – I
UGC NET Criminology: Definition and Scope, Criminology and other Social Sciences; Legal, Social and Psychological Aspects of Crime; Traditional Crimes – Crimes against Property and Person;
Modern Crimes: Organized Crimes, Socio – Economic Crimes, Corruption, Cyber Crimes, Environmental Crimes, Terrorism and Insurgency; Crime and Politics.
Unit – II
Criminological thought in Ancient India and Abroad; Classical School and Neoclassical School; Positive School; Cartographic School; Sociological Theories – Social Structural Theories and Social Process Theories; Economic Theories of Crime; Critical Criminology / Radical Criminology / Labelling perspective.
Unit – III
Constitutional Theories: Body Types, Hereditary Traits, Endocrine Glands; Behaviourist Theories : Drives, Motives, Attitudes, Frustrations; Psycho-analytical Theories; Psychopathic Personality; Mental Health and Criminal Liability; Application of Psychology in Police, Courts and Corrections.
Unit – IV
Criminological Research: Importance and Types; Research Questions and Hypotheses; Research Design; Sampling, Data Collection, Data Analysis, Interpretation and Report Writing; Statistical Application in Criminological Research; Sources of Crime Statistics in India and Crime Trends.
Unit – V
Social Change, Social Disorganization and Social Problems; Victimless Crimes : Alcoholism, Drug Addiction, Beggary, Commercial Sex, Suicide; Family centred Crimes : Dowry, Domestic Violence, Child Abuse; Community Problems : Inter – religion and Inter – caste tensions and conflicts.
Unit – VI
Juvenile Delinquency: Concept and Causes; Pre – delinquency stages : Truancy and Vagrancy; U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for Juvenile Justice ( Beijing Rules ); Main Features of Juvenile Justice Act; Institutional Services : Observation Homes, Juvenile Homes, Special Homes, and ‘fit’ Institutions; Juvenile Aftercare Services.
Unit – VII
History and Theories of Punishment: Historical Development from Punishment to Correction and Reformation, Prison Reform since Independence; Types of Punishment – Simple and rigorous imprisonment – Capital Punishment – Views of Abolitionists and Retentionists; Current problems and challenges in Prison Administration; Indeterminate and Determinate sentence.
Unit – VIII
Prison System in India; Correctional Programs in Jails; Aftercare Services for Adult and Juvenile Offenders; Probation, Parole – Concept and Historical Development, Probation under Different Laws.
Unit – IX
Legal Approaches: Accustorical and Inquisitorial; Substantive and Procedural Laws – Criminal Liability, Strict Liability; Indian Penal Code – General Exceptions, Offences Against Property; Criminal Procedure Code ; Cognizable and Non – Cognizable offences, Bailable and Non – bailable, Compoundable and Non – compoundable offences; Investigation of Crimes; Complaint, F.I.R., Powers of Police Officers, Arrest, Search, Seizure, Police Custody, Judicial Remand and Bail; Types of Evidence, Admissibility of Confession, Dying declaration; Rights of accused, Rights of victims, Rights of women in custody, Rights of prisoners.
Unit – X
Victimology: Concept, Origin and Development, Need to Study Victims, Victim Typology, Role of Victim in Criminal Phenomenon – Victim Precipitation; U.N. Declaration on the Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power; Victim’s Rights – Fair Access to Justice, Restitution, Compensation, and Assistance; Victim Compensation Schemes in India; Human Rights – Protection of Human Rights Act.
CRIMINOLOGY MCQs
1. In Ramamurthy vs. State of Karnataka the Supreme Court of India has given direction for.
(A) Juvenile justice reforms
(B) Prison reforms
(C) Judicial reforms
(D) Police reforms
Ans: D
2. On whose authority, prisoners are admitted to open air jail
(A) Police
(B) Judiciary
(C) Jail Authorities
(D) None of the above
Ans: C
3. Actions that are wrong in themselves are called.
(A) Actus Reus
(B) Mens Rea
(C) Mala Prohibita
(D) Mala in se
Ans: C
4. The aggregate of all operating, administrative and technical support agencies that perform criminal justice functions is called.
(A) Social Justice System
(B) Civil Justice System
(C) Criminal Justice System
(D) Consensus approach
Ans: C
5. The due course of legal proceedings according to the rules and forms that have been established for the protection of private right is
(A) Due process of law
(B) Crime control model
(C) Trial
(D) Bail
Ans: A
6. Human trafficking is a form of
(A) Hate crime
(B) Organised crime
(C) Violent crime
(D) Property crime
Ans: B
7. A human male who has XYY chromosome structure is called
(A) Superman
(B) Superhuman
(C) Super female
(D) Super male
Ans: D
8. A developing intellectual approach which emphasizes gender issues in the subject matter of criminology is called
(A) Labelling criminology
(B) Post-modern criminology
(C) Radical criminology
(D) Feminist criminology
Ans: D
9. Who among the following is connected to critical criminology?
(A) R.E. Park
(B) E.H. Sutherland
(C) William J. Chambliss
(D) Cloward
Ans: C
10. In D.K. Basu case the Supreme Court has laid down guidelines regarding
(A) Rape victims
(B) Child rights
(C) Women rights
(D) Arrest by police
Ans: D
11. Match the List – I with List – II:
List – I List – II
(a) Justice A.N. Mulla (i) National Police Commission
(b) Mr.DharmVira (ii) Committee on Criminal Justice Reforms
(c) Justice Krishna Iyer (iii) All India Committee on Prison Reforms
(d) Justice V.S. Malimath (iv) Committee on Women Prisoners
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(C) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(D) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
Ans: C
12. Arrange the following in the order in which they proceed for consideration of probation. Use the codes given below:
I. Judgement
II. Trial
III. Release on probation
IV. Successful completion of probation on revocation of probation.
Codes:
(A) III, I, IV, II
(B) III, II, I, IV
(C) I, II, IV, III
(D) II, I, III, IV
Ans: D
13. Under Juvenile Justice Act, the observation home is mainly meant for
I. Thrown away children
II. Children in conflict with law
III. Run-away children
IV. Children whose cases are pending.
Find the correct combination using the codes given below:
(A) I & II are correct.
(B) II and IV are correct.
(C) III and IV are correct.
(D) III and II are correct.
Ans: B
14. How many members are there in the Child Welfare Committee, including the Chairman?
(A) 6
(B) 5
(C) 4
(D) 3
Ans: B
15. Under Juvenile Justice Act, for whom the special home is mainly meant for?
I. Children in conflict with law
II. Thrown-away children
III. Run-away children
IV. Children whose cases are decided
Find the correct combination using the codes given below:
(A) I and IV are correct
(B) II and III are correct
(C) III and IV are correct
(D) II and IV are correct
Ans: A
16. At the individual level, examples for social disorganization are
(A) Drug Addiction
(B) Alcoholism
(C) Gambling
(D) All of above
Ans: D
17. Which among the following intoxicating drugs is not produced in India?
(A) Charas
(B) Cocaine
(C) Bhang
(D) Brown sugar
Ans: B
18. Alo Ano is an organisation meant for
(A) Alcoholics
(B) Drug addicts
(C) Family member of alcoholics
(D) Fellow drug users
Ans: C
19. Sub jails are mainly meant for
(A) Under trial prisoners
(B) Convict prisoners
(C) Political detenues
(D) Children in conflict with law
Ans: A
20. Which Commission given below has brought out a report on Capital Punishment?
(A) Police Commission
(B) Law Commission of India
(C) Human Rights Commission
(D) Central-State Commission
Ans: B
21. The Act which provides for community service in India is
(A) Domestic Violence Act
(B) Juvenile Justice Act
(C) Probation of Offender Act
(D) Indian Penal Code
Ans: B
22. Social change means
(A) Change in social structure
(B) Change in social relations
(C) Change in institutional framework
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
23. For studying habitual drug users, the most useful sampling method would be
(A) Simple random sample
(B) Snowball sampling
(C) Cluster sampling
(D) Stratified random sample
Ans: B
24. The first jail training school in India was established in
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Uttar Pradesh
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Kerala
Ans: B
25. Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory mainly focuses on
(A) Learning
(B) Self-concept
(C) Self-control
(D) Anomie
Ans: C
26. Which of the following is not an integrative theory?
(A) Labelling theory
(B) Network analysis
(C) Integrated cognitive Anti-social Potential (ICAP) theory.
(D) Integrated strain control perspective
Ans: A
27. Lie Detector or Polygraph is an aid to :
(A) Investigative process
(B) Correctional process
(C) Rehabilitative process
(D) None of the above
Ans: A
28. Match List – I with List – II :
List – I List – II
(a) The principles of criminology (i) Vold
(b) Theoretical criminology (ii) Sue Titus Reid
(c) Crime & Criminology (iii) Donald Clemmer
(d) The prison community (iv) Sutherland &Cressy
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(C) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(D) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
Ans: B
29. Restitution refers to
(A) Victim pays money to the offender
(B) Offender pays money to the victim of crime
(C) State pay money to the offender
(D) None of the above
Ans: B
30. Assertion (A): Enrico Ferri rejected the doctrine of free will, that is, it is not the criminal who wish to act.
Reason (R): Ferri believed that the situation actually influences the criminal’s actions. He believed that crime was produced primarily by the type of society from which the criminal comes.
(A) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(C) (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are wrong.
Ans: B
31. Phrenology is associated with
I. Anomie
II. Fransis Joseph Gall
III. Study of heads and head casts
IV. Investigation of the bumps and other irregularities of the skull.
Choose the correct combination using the codes given below:
(A) I, II, III & IV are correct.
(B) II, III & IV are correct.
(C) III & IV are correct.
(D) IV is correct.
Ans: B
32. Followings are included in Robert Merton’s modes of adaptation:
I. Conformity
II. Retreatism
III. Retribution
IV. Rebellion
Choose the correct combination, using the codes:
(A) I, II & IV are correct.
(B) I, II & III are correct.
(C) II, III & IV are correct.
(D) I & IV are correct.
Ans: A
33. In the year 2010 how many offences under the special and local laws were registered by the police?
(A) 35 – 40 lakh
(B) 40 – 45 lakh
(C) 45 – 50 lakh
(D) More than 50 lakh
Ans: C
34. In statistical analysis that does chi square indicate?
(A) Correlation
(B) Significance
(C) Association
(D) Difference
Ans: B
35. Who among the following is eligible for the appointment of the chairman of the National Human Rights Commission in India?
(A) Former Chief Justice of India
(B) Former Chief Justice of High Courts
(C) Former Supreme Court Judge
(D) All the above
Ans: A
36. That aspect of law that specifies the methods to be used in enforcing substantive law is
(A) Case law
(B) Procedural law
(C) Personal law
(D) Economic law
Ans: B
37. Victim compensation scheme has recently been made a part of the
(A) Indian Penal Code
(B) Code of criminal procedure
(C) Indian Evidence Act
(D) None of the above
Ans: B
38. The partial representation of constructs like social status, power and intelligence is called
(A) Measurement
(B) Operational Definition
(C) Variables
(D) Definition
Ans: C
39. Which of the following statistical technique can be used to find the relationship between two dichotomous variables?
(A) Regression
(B) Standard Deviation
(C) Chi-square
(D) Mode
Ans: C
40. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(A) Ensilo Femi – Positive school
(B) Drift theory – Gresham Syres
(C) Differential opportunity structure – E.H. Sutherland
(D) Power-control theory – John Hagan
Ans: C
41. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(A) Ecological theory – Ernest W. Burgess
(B) Subculture theories – William A. Bonger
(C) Defensible space – Oscar Newman
(D) Routine Activity theory – Marcus Felson
Ans: B
42. A statistical index of the strength of relationship between two variables is called
(A) Percentage analysis
(B) Correlation coefficient
(C) t-test
(D) Regression
Ans: B
43. Lie detector/ polygraph ascertain the changes in the following :
(A) Rate of heart beat
(B) Rate of Respiration
(C) Conductivity of skin
(D) All of above
Ans: D
44. Historically victims (or their families) were permitted to take measures to avenge crime. This is called
I. Revenge
II. Retaliation
III. Retribution
IV. Rehabilitation
Choose the correct combination using the codes given below:
(A) I, II, III & IV are correct.
(B) I, II & III are correct.
(C) II, III & IV are correct.
(D) III & IV are correct.
Ans: B
45. The idea that humans have mental conflicts because of desires and energies that are repressed into the unconscious is propounded by
(A) Eric Silver
(B) Michael Milken
(C) Sigmund Freud
(D) B.F. Skinner
Ans: C
The study of crime, criminals and the criminal law is of ancient origin, although the development of criminology as a descriptive took place in the 1900’s, with the first text books in the field published in 1920’s. For the community at large, it is important to recognize that criminal science is a large thing than criminal law. The legal profession, in particular, has a duty to familiarise itself with the principles of that science as the sole means for intelligent and systematic improvement of the criminal law. Most of the early teachers of criminology and related subjects were educated in sociology, psychology political science or some other related discipline or were practitioners in various fields of criminal justice.
46. The essay argues which is a larger science?
(A) Criminal law
(B) Criminology
(C) Law
(D) Community
Ans: B
47. The origins of criminology can be traced to
(A) Ancient times
(B) 1900’s
(C) 1920’s
(D) 1930’s
Ans: A
48. Who should familiarise themselves with principles of criminology?
(A) Criminals
(B) Lawyer
(C) Sociologists
(D) Criminologists
Ans: B
49. Why should others familiarize with principles of criminology?
(A) Only means for importance of criminal law
(B) Intelligent means for improvement of criminal law
(C) Systematic means to improve criminal law
(D) all of the above
Ans: D
50. The early teachers in criminology were from
(A) Political Science
(B) Sociology
(C) Practitioners from criminal justice
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
(A) Juvenile justice reforms
(B) Prison reforms
(C) Judicial reforms
(D) Police reforms
Ans: D
2. On whose authority, prisoners are admitted to open air jail
(A) Police
(B) Judiciary
(C) Jail Authorities
(D) None of the above
Ans: C
3. Actions that are wrong in themselves are called.
(A) Actus Reus
(B) Mens Rea
(C) Mala Prohibita
(D) Mala in se
Ans: C
4. The aggregate of all operating, administrative and technical support agencies that perform criminal justice functions is called.
(A) Social Justice System
(B) Civil Justice System
(C) Criminal Justice System
(D) Consensus approach
Ans: C
5. The due course of legal proceedings according to the rules and forms that have been established for the protection of private right is
(A) Due process of law
(B) Crime control model
(C) Trial
(D) Bail
Ans: A
6. Human trafficking is a form of
(A) Hate crime
(B) Organised crime
(C) Violent crime
(D) Property crime
Ans: B
7. A human male who has XYY chromosome structure is called
(A) Superman
(B) Superhuman
(C) Super female
(D) Super male
Ans: D
8. A developing intellectual approach which emphasizes gender issues in the subject matter of criminology is called
(A) Labelling criminology
(B) Post-modern criminology
(C) Radical criminology
(D) Feminist criminology
Ans: D
9. Who among the following is connected to critical criminology?
(A) R.E. Park
(B) E.H. Sutherland
(C) William J. Chambliss
(D) Cloward
Ans: C
10. In D.K. Basu case the Supreme Court has laid down guidelines regarding
(A) Rape victims
(B) Child rights
(C) Women rights
(D) Arrest by police
Ans: D
11. Match the List – I with List – II:
List – I List – II
(a) Justice A.N. Mulla (i) National Police Commission
(b) Mr.DharmVira (ii) Committee on Criminal Justice Reforms
(c) Justice Krishna Iyer (iii) All India Committee on Prison Reforms
(d) Justice V.S. Malimath (iv) Committee on Women Prisoners
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(C) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(D) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
Ans: C
12. Arrange the following in the order in which they proceed for consideration of probation. Use the codes given below:
I. Judgement
II. Trial
III. Release on probation
IV. Successful completion of probation on revocation of probation.
Codes:
(A) III, I, IV, II
(B) III, II, I, IV
(C) I, II, IV, III
(D) II, I, III, IV
Ans: D
13. Under Juvenile Justice Act, the observation home is mainly meant for
I. Thrown away children
II. Children in conflict with law
III. Run-away children
IV. Children whose cases are pending.
Find the correct combination using the codes given below:
(A) I & II are correct.
(B) II and IV are correct.
(C) III and IV are correct.
(D) III and II are correct.
Ans: B
14. How many members are there in the Child Welfare Committee, including the Chairman?
(A) 6
(B) 5
(C) 4
(D) 3
Ans: B
15. Under Juvenile Justice Act, for whom the special home is mainly meant for?
I. Children in conflict with law
II. Thrown-away children
III. Run-away children
IV. Children whose cases are decided
Find the correct combination using the codes given below:
(A) I and IV are correct
(B) II and III are correct
(C) III and IV are correct
(D) II and IV are correct
Ans: A
16. At the individual level, examples for social disorganization are
(A) Drug Addiction
(B) Alcoholism
(C) Gambling
(D) All of above
Ans: D
17. Which among the following intoxicating drugs is not produced in India?
(A) Charas
(B) Cocaine
(C) Bhang
(D) Brown sugar
Ans: B
18. Alo Ano is an organisation meant for
(A) Alcoholics
(B) Drug addicts
(C) Family member of alcoholics
(D) Fellow drug users
Ans: C
19. Sub jails are mainly meant for
(A) Under trial prisoners
(B) Convict prisoners
(C) Political detenues
(D) Children in conflict with law
Ans: A
20. Which Commission given below has brought out a report on Capital Punishment?
(A) Police Commission
(B) Law Commission of India
(C) Human Rights Commission
(D) Central-State Commission
Ans: B
21. The Act which provides for community service in India is
(A) Domestic Violence Act
(B) Juvenile Justice Act
(C) Probation of Offender Act
(D) Indian Penal Code
Ans: B
22. Social change means
(A) Change in social structure
(B) Change in social relations
(C) Change in institutional framework
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
23. For studying habitual drug users, the most useful sampling method would be
(A) Simple random sample
(B) Snowball sampling
(C) Cluster sampling
(D) Stratified random sample
Ans: B
24. The first jail training school in India was established in
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Uttar Pradesh
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Kerala
Ans: B
25. Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory mainly focuses on
(A) Learning
(B) Self-concept
(C) Self-control
(D) Anomie
Ans: C
26. Which of the following is not an integrative theory?
(A) Labelling theory
(B) Network analysis
(C) Integrated cognitive Anti-social Potential (ICAP) theory.
(D) Integrated strain control perspective
Ans: A
27. Lie Detector or Polygraph is an aid to :
(A) Investigative process
(B) Correctional process
(C) Rehabilitative process
(D) None of the above
Ans: A
28. Match List – I with List – II :
List – I List – II
(a) The principles of criminology (i) Vold
(b) Theoretical criminology (ii) Sue Titus Reid
(c) Crime & Criminology (iii) Donald Clemmer
(d) The prison community (iv) Sutherland &Cressy
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(C) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(D) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
Ans: B
29. Restitution refers to
(A) Victim pays money to the offender
(B) Offender pays money to the victim of crime
(C) State pay money to the offender
(D) None of the above
Ans: B
30. Assertion (A): Enrico Ferri rejected the doctrine of free will, that is, it is not the criminal who wish to act.
Reason (R): Ferri believed that the situation actually influences the criminal’s actions. He believed that crime was produced primarily by the type of society from which the criminal comes.
(A) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(C) (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are wrong.
Ans: B
31. Phrenology is associated with
I. Anomie
II. Fransis Joseph Gall
III. Study of heads and head casts
IV. Investigation of the bumps and other irregularities of the skull.
Choose the correct combination using the codes given below:
(A) I, II, III & IV are correct.
(B) II, III & IV are correct.
(C) III & IV are correct.
(D) IV is correct.
Ans: B
32. Followings are included in Robert Merton’s modes of adaptation:
I. Conformity
II. Retreatism
III. Retribution
IV. Rebellion
Choose the correct combination, using the codes:
(A) I, II & IV are correct.
(B) I, II & III are correct.
(C) II, III & IV are correct.
(D) I & IV are correct.
Ans: A
33. In the year 2010 how many offences under the special and local laws were registered by the police?
(A) 35 – 40 lakh
(B) 40 – 45 lakh
(C) 45 – 50 lakh
(D) More than 50 lakh
Ans: C
34. In statistical analysis that does chi square indicate?
(A) Correlation
(B) Significance
(C) Association
(D) Difference
Ans: B
35. Who among the following is eligible for the appointment of the chairman of the National Human Rights Commission in India?
(A) Former Chief Justice of India
(B) Former Chief Justice of High Courts
(C) Former Supreme Court Judge
(D) All the above
Ans: A
36. That aspect of law that specifies the methods to be used in enforcing substantive law is
(A) Case law
(B) Procedural law
(C) Personal law
(D) Economic law
Ans: B
37. Victim compensation scheme has recently been made a part of the
(A) Indian Penal Code
(B) Code of criminal procedure
(C) Indian Evidence Act
(D) None of the above
Ans: B
38. The partial representation of constructs like social status, power and intelligence is called
(A) Measurement
(B) Operational Definition
(C) Variables
(D) Definition
Ans: C
39. Which of the following statistical technique can be used to find the relationship between two dichotomous variables?
(A) Regression
(B) Standard Deviation
(C) Chi-square
(D) Mode
Ans: C
40. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(A) Ensilo Femi – Positive school
(B) Drift theory – Gresham Syres
(C) Differential opportunity structure – E.H. Sutherland
(D) Power-control theory – John Hagan
Ans: C
41. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(A) Ecological theory – Ernest W. Burgess
(B) Subculture theories – William A. Bonger
(C) Defensible space – Oscar Newman
(D) Routine Activity theory – Marcus Felson
Ans: B
42. A statistical index of the strength of relationship between two variables is called
(A) Percentage analysis
(B) Correlation coefficient
(C) t-test
(D) Regression
Ans: B
43. Lie detector/ polygraph ascertain the changes in the following :
(A) Rate of heart beat
(B) Rate of Respiration
(C) Conductivity of skin
(D) All of above
Ans: D
44. Historically victims (or their families) were permitted to take measures to avenge crime. This is called
I. Revenge
II. Retaliation
III. Retribution
IV. Rehabilitation
Choose the correct combination using the codes given below:
(A) I, II, III & IV are correct.
(B) I, II & III are correct.
(C) II, III & IV are correct.
(D) III & IV are correct.
Ans: B
45. The idea that humans have mental conflicts because of desires and energies that are repressed into the unconscious is propounded by
(A) Eric Silver
(B) Michael Milken
(C) Sigmund Freud
(D) B.F. Skinner
Ans: C
The study of crime, criminals and the criminal law is of ancient origin, although the development of criminology as a descriptive took place in the 1900’s, with the first text books in the field published in 1920’s. For the community at large, it is important to recognize that criminal science is a large thing than criminal law. The legal profession, in particular, has a duty to familiarise itself with the principles of that science as the sole means for intelligent and systematic improvement of the criminal law. Most of the early teachers of criminology and related subjects were educated in sociology, psychology political science or some other related discipline or were practitioners in various fields of criminal justice.
46. The essay argues which is a larger science?
(A) Criminal law
(B) Criminology
(C) Law
(D) Community
Ans: B
47. The origins of criminology can be traced to
(A) Ancient times
(B) 1900’s
(C) 1920’s
(D) 1930’s
Ans: A
48. Who should familiarise themselves with principles of criminology?
(A) Criminals
(B) Lawyer
(C) Sociologists
(D) Criminologists
Ans: B
49. Why should others familiarize with principles of criminology?
(A) Only means for importance of criminal law
(B) Intelligent means for improvement of criminal law
(C) Systematic means to improve criminal law
(D) all of the above
Ans: D
50. The early teachers in criminology were from
(A) Political Science
(B) Sociology
(C) Practitioners from criminal justice
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
51. Pre-sentence report is submitted by
(A) Investigation Officer
(B) Probation Officer
(C) Public Prosecutor
(D) Psychologist
Ans: B
52. Which of the following Court can issue writ for enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
(A) Judicial Magistrate Court
(B) Munsif Court
(C) Chief Judicial Magistrate Court
(D) High Court
Ans: D
53. Which of the following is a Substantive Law?
(A) Code of Criminal Procedure
(B) Indian Penal Code
(C) Indian Evidence Act
(D) None of the above
Ans: B
54. The book entitled ‘Social Reality of Crime’ has been written by
(A) Karl Marx
(B) William Chambliss
(C) Richard Quinney
(D) None of the above
Ans: C
55. Hans von Hentig published a book entitled
(A) Victinologica
(B) Victim Compensation
(C) The Criminal and his Victim
(D) The Crime Victim
Ans: C
56. Assertion (A): Victimology is an academic scientific discipline which studies data that describes phenomena and causal relationships related to victimization.
Reason (R): Victimology includes the study of precursor, vulnerabilities, events, impacts, recoveries and responses by people, organizations and cultures related to victimizations.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation.
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
57. Arithmetic mean in the series, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 will be ____
(A) 10
(B) 30
(C) 50
(D) None of the above
Ans: B
58. Who among the following examined the prison conditions in India as an UN Expert?
(A) Suzanne Ageton
(B) Walter Reckless
(C) Cyril Burt
(D) Francis T. Cullen
Ans: B
59. Borstal School is meant for
(A) Insane offenders
(B) Young offenders
(C) Adult offenders
(D) Female offenders
Ans: B
60. Which among the following is not a function of a court, in India?
(A) Probation
(B) Parole
(C) Compensation
(D) Release on bail
Ans: B
61. According to the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 which of the following constitute ‘dowry’?
(A) Giving dowry
(B) Taking dowry
(C) Abetting dowry
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
62. According to Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, dowry means property/valuables, given (or) agreed to be given
I. By one party of marriage to another.
II. Parents of either marriage party.
III. To either party of the marriage.
IV. Includes dower/mehar under Muslim personal law.
Find the correct combination using the codes given below:
Codes:
(A) I is correct.
(B) II, III & IV are correct.
(C) II & III are correct.
(D) I, II and III are correct.
Ans: D
63. According to the United Nations, ‘honour killings’ are reported in ____.
(A) Pakistan
(B) Turkey
(C) India
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
64. In Statistics, standard deviation, is represented by
(A) Δ (Delta)
(B) σ (sigma)
(C) μ (Miu)
(D) None of the above
Ans: B
65. According to the Supreme Court Judgement on Vishaka’s case, sexual harassment at workplace constitutes
(A) Sexual demands by any means.
(B) Passing lewd comments (or) gestures.
(C) Showing pornography.
(D) All of the above.
Ans: D
66. The Law, in India, which deals with trafficking in women in relation to commercial sex is
I. Police Act
II. Immoral Traffic Prevention Act
III. Indian Penal Code
IV. Excise Act
Find the correct combination using the codes given below:
Codes:
(A) I and II are correct.
(B) II and III are correct.
(C) III and IV are correct.
(D) None of the above.
Ans: B
67. According to Indian Penal Code, preparation to commit the following offence is punishable.
(A) Murder
(B) Rape
(C) Robbery
(D) Dacoity
Ans: D
68. The toll-free telephone number ‘1098’ helps which category of persons in distress?
(A) Women
(B) Children
(C) Elderly people
(D) None of the above
Ans: B
69. Crime victim is a person who has suffered, due to crime
(A) Physically
(B) Financially
(C) Emotionally
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
70. The Father of Victimology, generally refers to
(A) Sutherland
(B) Durkheim
(C) Marx
(D) Mendelsohn
Ans: D
71. Prison Statistics in India is published by
(A) Bureau of Police Research & Development.
(B) National Institute of Criminology Forensic Science.
(C) National Crime Records Bureau.
(D) National Institute of Social Defence.
Ans: C
72. According to Indian Penal Code, ‘accident’ comprises
(A) No criminal intention
(B) Act of misfortune
(C) Lawful act
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
73. Police Diary is written by
(A) Superintendent of Police
(B) City Inspector
(C) Officer incharge of Police Station
(D) Head Constable
Ans: C
74. Unlawful act of a child under the following age is not an offence under Indian Penal Code (IPC).
(A) 5 years
(B) 7 years
(C) 9 years
(D) 12 years
Ans: B
75. In India, right of private defence to body extends to
(A) Own body
(B) Relatives
(C) Friends
(D) Any person
Ans: D
76. “Criminology deals with the making of Laws, breaking of Laws and reacting to breaking of Laws.”
Who made this statement?
(A) Cesare Beccaria
(B) E.H. Sutherland
(C) Cesare Lombroso
(D) Robert Merton
Ans: B
77. What type of crime is committed by a physician or a doctor who prescribes unnecessarily diagnostic tests?
(A) Economic Offence
(B) Narcotic Crime
(C) White Collar Crime
(D) Fraud
Ans: C
78. Which of the following is an economic offence?
(A) Auto theft
(B) Pick pocketing
(C) Cattle theft
(D) Food adulteration
Ans: D
79. Which among the following is a property offence?
(A) Riot
(B) Grievous hurt
(C) Theft
(D) Rape
Ans: C
80. Which is the State in the Country that is oftenly identified with insurgency?
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Gujarat
(C) Karnataka
(D) Chhattisgarh
Ans: D
81. Match the items in List-I with items in List-II.
List – I List - II
I. Defensible space (a) Kautilya
II. Arthashastra (b) Bentham
III. Felicific calculus (c) Thrasher
IV. Gangs (d) Newman
Codes:
(I) (II) (III) (IV)
(A) (d) (b) (c) (a)
(B) (b) (a) (c) (d)
(C) (d) (a) (b) (c)
(D) (c) (d) (a) (b)
Ans: C
82. Who has propounded constitutional theory to explain criminal tendency and behaviour?
(A) Hooton
(B) Tarde
(C) Goddard
(D) Lombroso
Ans: A
83. Who has propounded the theory of Culture Conflict?
(A) Cohen
(B) Merton
(C) Sutherland
(D) Sellin
Ans: D
84. Assertion (A): Crime is not the quality of an act but it is the label which society affixes on the select few.
Reason (R): Criminal Justice System is deeply influenced by money and political power.
Codes:
(A) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(B) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(D) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: C
85. Who explained the principle of Economic Determinism?
(A) Aristotle
(B) Bonger
(C) Karl Marx
(D) Plato
Ans: C
86. Who suggested that both goals and means are rejected in the society?
(A) Merton
(B) Durkheim
(C) Sutherland
(D) Cohen
Ans: A
87. Among the following who has contributed to the concept of Phrenology?
(A) Hooton
(B) Gall
(C) Goddard
(D) Mendel
Ans: B
88. What are misdirected psychological drives causing antisocial behaviour called?
(A) Illusion
(B) Fetish
(C) Perversion
(D) Delusion
Ans: C
89. Among the following, who has studied ‘Intelligence Quotient’ as a cause of criminal behaviour?
(A) Eyesenck
(B) Freud
(C) Young
(D) Cattel
Ans: A
90. What does the term ‘Dipsomania’ mean?
(A) Compulsive physical beating
(B) Compulsive alcohol drinking
(C) Compulsive gender offence
(D) Compulsive pool diving
Ans: B
91. What is the legal status of the findings obtained through brain mapping technique during interrogation of suspects?
(A) An aid in the investigation.
(B) Admissible in the court.
(C) Partial admissible in the court.
(D) None of the above.
Ans: A
92. What is the main feature of a probability sample in criminological research?
(A) It includes all the main units in the sample.
(B) It includes all the important study units.
(C) It ensures a chance for each study unit to be selected.
(D) None of the above.
Ans: C
93. Among the following, which method of data collection is the oldest one?
(A) Questionnaire
(B) Observation
(C) Interview technique
(D) Rating scale
Ans: B
94. What does the statistics of correlation measure?
(A) Statistical difference between variables.
(B) Association between variables.
(C) Covariation between variables.
(D) Relationship between variables.
Ans: D
95. Which among the following computer softwares is not a data analysis programme?
(A) PowerPoint
(B) Hardware Graphics
(C) Excel
(D) SPSS
Ans: A
96. The statement, “crime is both normal and functional” is attributed to
(A) Freud
(B) Beccaria
(C) Emile Durkheim
(D) Lombroso
Ans: C
97. Assertion (A): Deviance is not a quality of the behaviour, but it is quality of the interaction between the person who commits an act and those who respond to it.
Reason (R): Whether (or) not labelling occurs depends on (1) the time when the act is committed, (2) who commits the act and who is the victim, and (3) the consequences of the act.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
98. In Containment Theory, the phenomena that insulate some people from deviance is
(A) Self-sacrifice
(B) Self-indulgence
(C) Conformity
(D) Self concept
Ans: D
99. The sub-components of crime are
I. An act
II. Criminal intention
III. A law prohibitive the act
IV. Migration
Find the correct combination, using the codes given below:
Codes:
(A) I, II and III are correct.
(B) I and II are correct.
(C) II and III are correct.
(D) III and IV are correct.
Ans: A
100. Find the odd one in the series.
(A) Questionnaire
(B) Interview schedule
(C) Observation sheet
(D) Snow-ball technique
Ans: D
(A) Investigation Officer
(B) Probation Officer
(C) Public Prosecutor
(D) Psychologist
Ans: B
52. Which of the following Court can issue writ for enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
(A) Judicial Magistrate Court
(B) Munsif Court
(C) Chief Judicial Magistrate Court
(D) High Court
Ans: D
53. Which of the following is a Substantive Law?
(A) Code of Criminal Procedure
(B) Indian Penal Code
(C) Indian Evidence Act
(D) None of the above
Ans: B
54. The book entitled ‘Social Reality of Crime’ has been written by
(A) Karl Marx
(B) William Chambliss
(C) Richard Quinney
(D) None of the above
Ans: C
55. Hans von Hentig published a book entitled
(A) Victinologica
(B) Victim Compensation
(C) The Criminal and his Victim
(D) The Crime Victim
Ans: C
56. Assertion (A): Victimology is an academic scientific discipline which studies data that describes phenomena and causal relationships related to victimization.
Reason (R): Victimology includes the study of precursor, vulnerabilities, events, impacts, recoveries and responses by people, organizations and cultures related to victimizations.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation.
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
57. Arithmetic mean in the series, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 will be ____
(A) 10
(B) 30
(C) 50
(D) None of the above
Ans: B
58. Who among the following examined the prison conditions in India as an UN Expert?
(A) Suzanne Ageton
(B) Walter Reckless
(C) Cyril Burt
(D) Francis T. Cullen
Ans: B
59. Borstal School is meant for
(A) Insane offenders
(B) Young offenders
(C) Adult offenders
(D) Female offenders
Ans: B
60. Which among the following is not a function of a court, in India?
(A) Probation
(B) Parole
(C) Compensation
(D) Release on bail
Ans: B
61. According to the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 which of the following constitute ‘dowry’?
(A) Giving dowry
(B) Taking dowry
(C) Abetting dowry
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
62. According to Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, dowry means property/valuables, given (or) agreed to be given
I. By one party of marriage to another.
II. Parents of either marriage party.
III. To either party of the marriage.
IV. Includes dower/mehar under Muslim personal law.
Find the correct combination using the codes given below:
Codes:
(A) I is correct.
(B) II, III & IV are correct.
(C) II & III are correct.
(D) I, II and III are correct.
Ans: D
63. According to the United Nations, ‘honour killings’ are reported in ____.
(A) Pakistan
(B) Turkey
(C) India
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
64. In Statistics, standard deviation, is represented by
(A) Δ (Delta)
(B) σ (sigma)
(C) μ (Miu)
(D) None of the above
Ans: B
65. According to the Supreme Court Judgement on Vishaka’s case, sexual harassment at workplace constitutes
(A) Sexual demands by any means.
(B) Passing lewd comments (or) gestures.
(C) Showing pornography.
(D) All of the above.
Ans: D
66. The Law, in India, which deals with trafficking in women in relation to commercial sex is
I. Police Act
II. Immoral Traffic Prevention Act
III. Indian Penal Code
IV. Excise Act
Find the correct combination using the codes given below:
Codes:
(A) I and II are correct.
(B) II and III are correct.
(C) III and IV are correct.
(D) None of the above.
Ans: B
67. According to Indian Penal Code, preparation to commit the following offence is punishable.
(A) Murder
(B) Rape
(C) Robbery
(D) Dacoity
Ans: D
68. The toll-free telephone number ‘1098’ helps which category of persons in distress?
(A) Women
(B) Children
(C) Elderly people
(D) None of the above
Ans: B
69. Crime victim is a person who has suffered, due to crime
(A) Physically
(B) Financially
(C) Emotionally
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
70. The Father of Victimology, generally refers to
(A) Sutherland
(B) Durkheim
(C) Marx
(D) Mendelsohn
Ans: D
71. Prison Statistics in India is published by
(A) Bureau of Police Research & Development.
(B) National Institute of Criminology Forensic Science.
(C) National Crime Records Bureau.
(D) National Institute of Social Defence.
Ans: C
72. According to Indian Penal Code, ‘accident’ comprises
(A) No criminal intention
(B) Act of misfortune
(C) Lawful act
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
73. Police Diary is written by
(A) Superintendent of Police
(B) City Inspector
(C) Officer incharge of Police Station
(D) Head Constable
Ans: C
74. Unlawful act of a child under the following age is not an offence under Indian Penal Code (IPC).
(A) 5 years
(B) 7 years
(C) 9 years
(D) 12 years
Ans: B
75. In India, right of private defence to body extends to
(A) Own body
(B) Relatives
(C) Friends
(D) Any person
Ans: D
76. “Criminology deals with the making of Laws, breaking of Laws and reacting to breaking of Laws.”
Who made this statement?
(A) Cesare Beccaria
(B) E.H. Sutherland
(C) Cesare Lombroso
(D) Robert Merton
Ans: B
77. What type of crime is committed by a physician or a doctor who prescribes unnecessarily diagnostic tests?
(A) Economic Offence
(B) Narcotic Crime
(C) White Collar Crime
(D) Fraud
Ans: C
78. Which of the following is an economic offence?
(A) Auto theft
(B) Pick pocketing
(C) Cattle theft
(D) Food adulteration
Ans: D
79. Which among the following is a property offence?
(A) Riot
(B) Grievous hurt
(C) Theft
(D) Rape
Ans: C
80. Which is the State in the Country that is oftenly identified with insurgency?
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Gujarat
(C) Karnataka
(D) Chhattisgarh
Ans: D
81. Match the items in List-I with items in List-II.
List – I List - II
I. Defensible space (a) Kautilya
II. Arthashastra (b) Bentham
III. Felicific calculus (c) Thrasher
IV. Gangs (d) Newman
Codes:
(I) (II) (III) (IV)
(A) (d) (b) (c) (a)
(B) (b) (a) (c) (d)
(C) (d) (a) (b) (c)
(D) (c) (d) (a) (b)
Ans: C
82. Who has propounded constitutional theory to explain criminal tendency and behaviour?
(A) Hooton
(B) Tarde
(C) Goddard
(D) Lombroso
Ans: A
83. Who has propounded the theory of Culture Conflict?
(A) Cohen
(B) Merton
(C) Sutherland
(D) Sellin
Ans: D
84. Assertion (A): Crime is not the quality of an act but it is the label which society affixes on the select few.
Reason (R): Criminal Justice System is deeply influenced by money and political power.
Codes:
(A) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(B) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(D) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Ans: C
85. Who explained the principle of Economic Determinism?
(A) Aristotle
(B) Bonger
(C) Karl Marx
(D) Plato
Ans: C
86. Who suggested that both goals and means are rejected in the society?
(A) Merton
(B) Durkheim
(C) Sutherland
(D) Cohen
Ans: A
87. Among the following who has contributed to the concept of Phrenology?
(A) Hooton
(B) Gall
(C) Goddard
(D) Mendel
Ans: B
88. What are misdirected psychological drives causing antisocial behaviour called?
(A) Illusion
(B) Fetish
(C) Perversion
(D) Delusion
Ans: C
89. Among the following, who has studied ‘Intelligence Quotient’ as a cause of criminal behaviour?
(A) Eyesenck
(B) Freud
(C) Young
(D) Cattel
Ans: A
90. What does the term ‘Dipsomania’ mean?
(A) Compulsive physical beating
(B) Compulsive alcohol drinking
(C) Compulsive gender offence
(D) Compulsive pool diving
Ans: B
91. What is the legal status of the findings obtained through brain mapping technique during interrogation of suspects?
(A) An aid in the investigation.
(B) Admissible in the court.
(C) Partial admissible in the court.
(D) None of the above.
Ans: A
92. What is the main feature of a probability sample in criminological research?
(A) It includes all the main units in the sample.
(B) It includes all the important study units.
(C) It ensures a chance for each study unit to be selected.
(D) None of the above.
Ans: C
93. Among the following, which method of data collection is the oldest one?
(A) Questionnaire
(B) Observation
(C) Interview technique
(D) Rating scale
Ans: B
94. What does the statistics of correlation measure?
(A) Statistical difference between variables.
(B) Association between variables.
(C) Covariation between variables.
(D) Relationship between variables.
Ans: D
95. Which among the following computer softwares is not a data analysis programme?
(A) PowerPoint
(B) Hardware Graphics
(C) Excel
(D) SPSS
Ans: A
96. The statement, “crime is both normal and functional” is attributed to
(A) Freud
(B) Beccaria
(C) Emile Durkheim
(D) Lombroso
Ans: C
97. Assertion (A): Deviance is not a quality of the behaviour, but it is quality of the interaction between the person who commits an act and those who respond to it.
Reason (R): Whether (or) not labelling occurs depends on (1) the time when the act is committed, (2) who commits the act and who is the victim, and (3) the consequences of the act.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
98. In Containment Theory, the phenomena that insulate some people from deviance is
(A) Self-sacrifice
(B) Self-indulgence
(C) Conformity
(D) Self concept
Ans: D
99. The sub-components of crime are
I. An act
II. Criminal intention
III. A law prohibitive the act
IV. Migration
Find the correct combination, using the codes given below:
Codes:
(A) I, II and III are correct.
(B) I and II are correct.
(C) II and III are correct.
(D) III and IV are correct.
Ans: A
100. Find the odd one in the series.
(A) Questionnaire
(B) Interview schedule
(C) Observation sheet
(D) Snow-ball technique
Ans: D