ZOOLOGY NOTES -PAGE 1
NUTRITION
1. What is Physiology?
Ans: Study of functioning of organs and organ systems.
2. What are the aim of Physiological activities?
Ans: maintenance of homeostasis, living and reproduction.
3. What differentiates a living thing from non-living?
Ans: Homeostasis
4. What are the mechanisms of Homeostatics?
Ans: stabilizing level of water, minerals and other components of the body fluids and other thermal regulations.
5. What are the processes of nutrition?
Ans: ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation of food materials.
6. What are the components of nutrients?
Ans: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water.
7. What are carbohydrates?
Ans: Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones
8. What is the composition of Carbohydrate?
Ans: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen 1:2:1 (CH2O)n
7. What are the types of Carbohydrates?
Ans: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
8. Name the simplest form of carbohydrates
Ans: Monosaccharides
9. What are the classifications of Monosaccharides?
Ans: trioses, tetroses, pentoses, and hexoses
10. On what basis the classifications of Monosaccharides is done?
Ans: number of carbon atoms
11. What is the intermediary product in carbohydrate metabolic processes?
Ans: trioses (C3H6O3)
12. What helps in the inter conversion of biomolecules?
Ans: trioses (C3H6O3)
13. Give examples of Pentoses (C5H10O5)?
Ans: ribose and deoxyribose
14. What are the main components of RNA and DNA?
Ans: ribose and deoxyribose
15. Give examples of Hexoses(C6H12O6)?
Ans: glucose, fructose and galactose
16. In which form the liberated energy is stored?
Ans: ATPs (Adenosine triphosphate)
17. How much energy can one gram of carbohydrate can yield?
Ans: 4.1 calories
18. How many monosaccharide monomers are there in Disaccharides?
Ans: Two
19. Name two food substances that contain Disaccharides?
Ans: milk and sugar
20. What are the three common disaccharides?
Ans: maltose, sucrose and lactose
21. What is the composition of Maltose?
Ans: glucose + glucose
22. What is the composition of Sucrose?
Ans: glucose + fructose
23. What is the composition of Lactose?
Ans: glucose + galactose
24. Give an example for a food containing Maltose.
Ans: germinating cereals
25. Give an example for a food containing Sucrose.
Ans: Cane Sugar
26. Give an example for a food containing Lactose.
Ans: Milk
27. What are Polysaccharides?
Ans: complex carbohydrates formed by polymerisation of a large number of monosaccharides.
28. Give two examples where polysaccharides are found.
Ans: chitin, cellulose.
29. In which form Starch is found in food grains?
Ans: pectin and amylopectin molecules
30. Which polysaccharide is found in liver and muscles?
Ans: Glycogen
31. Define Protein.
Ans: Proteins are nitrogenous compounds being made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.
32, What is the role of protein in living systems?
Ans: structural organisation
33. What is the name of protein which serve as enzymes?
Ans: functional proteins
34. Name the building blocks of protein.
Ans: Aminoacids
35. How many aminoacids are there in total?
Ans: 20
36. Which aminoacids cannot be synthesised by body?
Ans: Essential amino acids
37. What are the two types of aminoacids?
Ans: Essential and Non-essential
38. What are the 20 aminoacids?
Ans: alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, glutamicacid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalaine, proline, serine
39. Give examples of essential aminoacids.
Ans: arginine, valine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lycine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine and tryptophan
40. Which group of aminoacids can be synthesised by body?
Ans: nonessential amino acids
41. Name the bond that links the aminoacids in protein.
Ans: Peptide bonds
42. What is the daily requirement of protein, according to Indian Council for Medical Research and World Health Organisation?
Ans: 1 gm per kg body weight.
43. Name two diseases associated with reduction in the intake of protein
Ans: marasmus and kwashiorkor
44. Name the disease that causes oedema in face and feet of kids, due to less intake of protein.
Ans: kwashiorkar
45. Name the insulating material found in our body.
Ans: Lipid
46. Which is the most common type of lipids?
Ans: simple lipids (or) triglycerides
47. Name the food item that contains simple lipid.
Ans: vegetable oils
48. A triglyceride is formed of _____________ and __________
Ans: glycerol and fatty acids.
49. What are the types of fatty acids?
Ans: saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
50. Which fatty acid is good for persons having high blood pressure?
Ans: poly unsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)
51. Which fatty acid is capable of easier oxidative breakdown?
Ans: Unsaturated
52. Name two oils which are abundant in unsaturated fatty acids?
Ans: sunflower oil and safflower oil.
53. How many calories of energy are there in one gram of lipid?
Ans: 9.3
54. What is the suggested amount of calorie that should come from fat?
Ans: 25% to 30% of total calories
55. What are the different types of vitamins?
Ans: A, B, C, D, E and K
56. Name the water-soluble vitamins.
Ans: B and C
57. What is the proportion of water in the lean body mass of animals?
Ans: 71 to 78 %
58. What is the total body water content in a new born child?
Ans: 85 to 90 % of body weight
59. What is the total body water content in young adults?
Ans: 55 - 60 % of body weight
60. What is the proportion of intra-cellular fluid (ICF) and extra-cellular fluid (ECF) out of the total body water?
Ans: Intra-cellular fluid (ICF): 2/3 and extra-cellular fluid (ECF): 1/3
61. What is the percentage of the blood plasma in the extra-cellular fluid (ECF)?
Ans: 25%
62. What are the ways in which water loss occurs in animals?
Ans: Urine, Expiration, Through skin, Faeces
1. What is Physiology?
Ans: Study of functioning of organs and organ systems.
2. What are the aim of Physiological activities?
Ans: maintenance of homeostasis, living and reproduction.
3. What differentiates a living thing from non-living?
Ans: Homeostasis
4. What are the mechanisms of Homeostatics?
Ans: stabilizing level of water, minerals and other components of the body fluids and other thermal regulations.
5. What are the processes of nutrition?
Ans: ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation of food materials.
6. What are the components of nutrients?
Ans: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water.
7. What are carbohydrates?
Ans: Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones
8. What is the composition of Carbohydrate?
Ans: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen 1:2:1 (CH2O)n
7. What are the types of Carbohydrates?
Ans: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
8. Name the simplest form of carbohydrates
Ans: Monosaccharides
9. What are the classifications of Monosaccharides?
Ans: trioses, tetroses, pentoses, and hexoses
10. On what basis the classifications of Monosaccharides is done?
Ans: number of carbon atoms
11. What is the intermediary product in carbohydrate metabolic processes?
Ans: trioses (C3H6O3)
12. What helps in the inter conversion of biomolecules?
Ans: trioses (C3H6O3)
13. Give examples of Pentoses (C5H10O5)?
Ans: ribose and deoxyribose
14. What are the main components of RNA and DNA?
Ans: ribose and deoxyribose
15. Give examples of Hexoses(C6H12O6)?
Ans: glucose, fructose and galactose
16. In which form the liberated energy is stored?
Ans: ATPs (Adenosine triphosphate)
17. How much energy can one gram of carbohydrate can yield?
Ans: 4.1 calories
18. How many monosaccharide monomers are there in Disaccharides?
Ans: Two
19. Name two food substances that contain Disaccharides?
Ans: milk and sugar
20. What are the three common disaccharides?
Ans: maltose, sucrose and lactose
21. What is the composition of Maltose?
Ans: glucose + glucose
22. What is the composition of Sucrose?
Ans: glucose + fructose
23. What is the composition of Lactose?
Ans: glucose + galactose
24. Give an example for a food containing Maltose.
Ans: germinating cereals
25. Give an example for a food containing Sucrose.
Ans: Cane Sugar
26. Give an example for a food containing Lactose.
Ans: Milk
27. What are Polysaccharides?
Ans: complex carbohydrates formed by polymerisation of a large number of monosaccharides.
28. Give two examples where polysaccharides are found.
Ans: chitin, cellulose.
29. In which form Starch is found in food grains?
Ans: pectin and amylopectin molecules
30. Which polysaccharide is found in liver and muscles?
Ans: Glycogen
31. Define Protein.
Ans: Proteins are nitrogenous compounds being made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.
32, What is the role of protein in living systems?
Ans: structural organisation
33. What is the name of protein which serve as enzymes?
Ans: functional proteins
34. Name the building blocks of protein.
Ans: Aminoacids
35. How many aminoacids are there in total?
Ans: 20
36. Which aminoacids cannot be synthesised by body?
Ans: Essential amino acids
37. What are the two types of aminoacids?
Ans: Essential and Non-essential
38. What are the 20 aminoacids?
Ans: alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, glutamicacid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalaine, proline, serine
39. Give examples of essential aminoacids.
Ans: arginine, valine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lycine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine and tryptophan
40. Which group of aminoacids can be synthesised by body?
Ans: nonessential amino acids
41. Name the bond that links the aminoacids in protein.
Ans: Peptide bonds
42. What is the daily requirement of protein, according to Indian Council for Medical Research and World Health Organisation?
Ans: 1 gm per kg body weight.
43. Name two diseases associated with reduction in the intake of protein
Ans: marasmus and kwashiorkor
44. Name the disease that causes oedema in face and feet of kids, due to less intake of protein.
Ans: kwashiorkar
45. Name the insulating material found in our body.
Ans: Lipid
46. Which is the most common type of lipids?
Ans: simple lipids (or) triglycerides
47. Name the food item that contains simple lipid.
Ans: vegetable oils
48. A triglyceride is formed of _____________ and __________
Ans: glycerol and fatty acids.
49. What are the types of fatty acids?
Ans: saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
50. Which fatty acid is good for persons having high blood pressure?
Ans: poly unsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)
51. Which fatty acid is capable of easier oxidative breakdown?
Ans: Unsaturated
52. Name two oils which are abundant in unsaturated fatty acids?
Ans: sunflower oil and safflower oil.
53. How many calories of energy are there in one gram of lipid?
Ans: 9.3
54. What is the suggested amount of calorie that should come from fat?
Ans: 25% to 30% of total calories
55. What are the different types of vitamins?
Ans: A, B, C, D, E and K
56. Name the water-soluble vitamins.
Ans: B and C
57. What is the proportion of water in the lean body mass of animals?
Ans: 71 to 78 %
58. What is the total body water content in a new born child?
Ans: 85 to 90 % of body weight
59. What is the total body water content in young adults?
Ans: 55 - 60 % of body weight
60. What is the proportion of intra-cellular fluid (ICF) and extra-cellular fluid (ECF) out of the total body water?
Ans: Intra-cellular fluid (ICF): 2/3 and extra-cellular fluid (ECF): 1/3
61. What is the percentage of the blood plasma in the extra-cellular fluid (ECF)?
Ans: 25%
62. What are the ways in which water loss occurs in animals?
Ans: Urine, Expiration, Through skin, Faeces
- Zoology
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- Zoology Notes- Page 1- Nutrition
- Zoology Notes- Page 2- Balanced Diet
- Zoology Notes- Page 3- Human Digestive System
- Zoology Notes- Page 4- Human Respiration
- Zoology Notes- Page 5- Genetics