ZOOLOGY NOTES -PAGE 2-BALANCED DIET

BALANCED DIET

BALANCED DIET

1. What is Obesity?
Ans: Obesity is the storage of excess of body fat resulting in a significant impairment of health from a variety of diseases, notably hypertension, atherosclerotic heart disease and diabetes.

2. What is the level above the standard weight is considered as obese?
Ans: 10% above the standard weight

3. The degree of obesity is assessed by
Ans: body mass index (BMI)

4. What is the BMI of a person having 70 Kg weight and 180 cms tall?
Ans: 21.6
BMI= Weight kg/ (height m)2

5. What is the normal BMI range for adults?
Ans: 19 – 25

6. Define Calorie.
Ans: the amount of heat required to raise 1 Kg water by 10C.

7. What is the average water intake of humans?
Ans: 2500 ml/ day

8. Which vitamins can cause vitaminosis if consumed beyond required level?
Ans: A, D, E and K

9. What is the other name of vitamin D?
Ans: calciferol, Sunshine vitamin

10. Name the lipid compound which can synthesise vitamin D on exposure to sunlight.
Ans: ergosterol

11. Name the body parts affected by Beri-beri disease.
Ans: nervous and cardiovascular systems

12. What are the symptoms of Pellagra?
Ans: mental changes, (dementia) dermatitis and stomatitis. The tongue becomes smooth, red and painful

13. Name the disease which causes dermatitis around eyes, nose and behind the ears.
Ans: Pyridoxine

14. Name the disease which causes bleeding gums, loosening and falling out of teeth and intra muscular haemorrages.
Ans: Scurvy

15. Which vitamin deficiency causes irregular synthesis of the collagen and connective tissue proteins?
Ans: Vitamin C

16. Name the minerals associated with the formation of bones and teeth.
Ans: Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus

17. What are the main physiological activities of minerals?
Ans: Iron- oxygen transport
Iodine- Hormone synthesis
Manganese, Copper, Zinc- intermediary metabolism
Chlorine, Sodium and Potassium- constituents of the body fluids
Magnesium, Sodium and Potassium- neuro-muscular irritability
Calcium- Blood Clotting
Potassium and Calcium- cardiac functions

18. What are the important functions of vitamins?
Ans: Vitamin A- visual perception, Maintenance of epithelial tissues
Vitamin E- fertility, rejuvenation of tissues, antioxidant
Vitamin K- Blood clotting
Vitamin C- immunity against infections, activates intra-cellular enzymes
Vitamin B(Niacin)- co-enzyme, oxidation-reduction reactions
Vitamin B (Biotin)- co-enzyme, co-factor in oxidative metabolism
Vitamin B2- Maintenance of epithelial tissues, carbohydrate metabolism
Vitamin B1- Nourishment to nerve cells, Co-enzyme in tissue metabolism, oxidation of glucose in CNS
Vitamin B12- maturation of erythrocytes
Vitamin B6- Normal metabolism of amino acids and fat
Vitamin D- Bone growth, calcium and phosphorus metabolism

19. What are the Vitamin Deficiency Ailments?
Ans: Vitamin A- Atrophy of lacrymal glands of the eye, reduction in tear secretion, Corneal epithilium becomes red and dry (xerosis), xeropthalmia, Bitot’s spot in the cornea, keratomalacia, night blindness (nyctalopia)
Vitamin D - rickets in growing children and osteomalacia in adults
Vitamin E- sterility
Vitamin K - defect in blood coagulation, haemorrhagic manifestations
Vitamin B1- Beriberi
Vitamin B2 - Loss of appetite, soreness and burning of lips, mouth and tongue. Fissures at edges of the mouth.
Vitamin Niacin- Pellagra.
Vitamin B6- Pyridoxine
Vitamin B12- pernicious anaemia, sore tongue and neurological problems related to the spinal cord.
Vitamin C – scurvy

ZOOLOGY NOTES -PAGE 2-BALANCED DIET

BALANCED DIET

UPSC Study Materials​MCQs for Competitive Examinations

UPSC Study Materials
MCQs for Competitive Examinations