ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE- PAGE 7
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE MCQs- PAGE 7
1. Human activities add 7-9 gigatons of CO2 per annum into the atmosphere. Major contributor to this CO2 is
(A) Burning of fossil fuels
(B) Clearing of forests for agriculture
(C) Fermentation industries
(D) Cement industries
Ans: A
2. In a salt gradient solar pond, the salinity generally varies from top to bottom of the pond as
(A) < 5% to ~ 20%
(B) ~ 10% to ~ 30%
(C) ~ 20% to ~ 35%
(D) ~ 20% to ~ 40%
Ans: A
3. Which region among the following is not Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) hotspot?
(A) East-Asia
(B) South Africa
(C) Amazon Basin in South America
(D) Australia
Ans: D
4. Prolonged exposure to high levels of noise causes
(i) Hearing loss
(ii) Constriction of blood vessels
(iii) Gastric ulcers
(iv) Toxicity
Identify the correct answer:
(A) (i), (ii) and (iv) only
(B) (i), (iii) and (iv) only
(C) (i), (ii) and (iii) only
(D) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Ans: C
5. Azolla pinnata is a
(A) Blue green algae
(B) Green algae
(C) Red algae
(D) Fern
Ans: D
6. Assertion (A): Eruption of the volcano Mt. Pinatobu in 1991 spewed sulphur clouds into the upper reaches of the atmosphere. The following three years were cooler.
Reason (R): Sulphate aerosols reflect sunlight away from the Earth.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct (R) is incorrect.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
Ans: A
7. For an overcast day or night, the atmosphere is
(A) Stable
(B) Neutral
(C) Slightly stable
(D) Unstable
Ans: B
8. Assertion (A): The energy flow in an ecosystem follows the law of thermodynamics.
Reason (R): The energy flow in an ecosystem is unidirectional and during the transformation of energy from one trophic level to the other, 80 – 90% of energy is lost.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
9. Match the List – I with List – II and identify the correct answer from the given codes:
List – I List – II
(Thermodynamic Variables) (Expression)
(Symbols have their usual meanings.)
(a) ΔG i. ΔE + PΔV
(b) ΔG° ii. – n FE°
(c) ΔS iii. RT ln (V1/V2)
(d) ΔH iv. nR ln (V2/ V1)
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) ii iv i iii
(B) iii ii iv i
(C) iii i iv ii
(D) ii iii iv i
Ans: B
10. The environmental lapse rate during day time is governed by
(i) Wind speed
(ii) Sunlight
(iii) Topographical features
(iv) Cloud cover
The correct answer is
(A) (i) and (ii) only
(B) (ii) and (iii) only
(C) (i), (ii) and (iii) only
(D) (i) and (iv) only
Ans: C
11. The wavelength range of UV–C radiations is
(A) 200 – 280 nm
(B) 180 – 240 nm
(C) 320 – 400 nm
(D) 240 – 300 nm
Ans: A
12. In a gas chromatography experiment, the retention factor (Rf) values for pollutant ‘A’ and pollutant ‘B’ in a mixture of pollutants were 0.5 and 0.125, respectively. If the distance travelled by solvent front is 12 cms, the distance (in cms) travelled by pollutant ‘A’ and pollutant ‘B’ will be
(A) 6 and 1.5
(B) 3 and 1.5
(C) 0.5 and 0.125
(D) 1.5 and 3
Ans: A
13. Cells grown in a medium containing phosphorous –32 will show radio labelling in
(A) Starch
(B) Glycogen
(C) Proteins
(D) Nucleic acids
Ans: A
14. Assertion (A): Marine biodiversity tends to be highest in mid-latitudes in all oceans and along coasts in the Western Pacific.
Reason (R): Sea surface temperature along coasts in the Western Pacific is highest.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
15. “Double digging” is a method of
(A) Bio-intensive agriculture
(B) Deforestation
(C) Aforestation
(D) Water conservation
Ans: A
16. The rate of replacement of species along a gradient of habitats pertains to
(A) Alpha diversity
(B) Beta diversity
(C) Gamma diversity
(D) Species diversity
Ans: B
17. Match the List – I and List – II. Choose the correct answer from the given codes:
List – I List – II
(Vegetation development) (Nomenclature of succession)
(a) On a rock i. Psammosere
(b) On sand ii. Lithosere
(c) In aquatic habitat iii. Xerosere
(d) In dry habitat iv. Hydrosere
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) ii i iv iii
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) iii iv ii i
(D) iv iii i ii
Ans: A
18. If individuals of a species remain alive only in captivity or other human controlled conditions, the species is said to be
(A) Ecologically extinct
(B) Mass extinct
(C) Wild extinct
(D) Anthropogenic extinct
Ans: C
19. Which of the following symbolises correct sequence in hydrosere?
(A) Diatoms → Wolffia → Hydrilla → Cyperus → Populus
(B) Hydrilla → Wolffia → Cyperus → Populus → Diatoms
(C) Cyperus → Diatoms → Hydrilla → Wolffia → Populus
(D) Diatoms → Hydrilla → Wolffia → Cyperus → Populus
Ans: D
20. Which of the following is not a class of aquatic ecosystems based on salinity levels?
(A) Stagnant water ecosystem
(B) Freshwater ecosystem
(C) Brackish ecosystem
(D) Marine ecosystem
Ans: A
21. The K-strategists are
(a) Large organisms which have relatively longer life
(b) Provide care for their offsprings
(c) Organisms that stabilise their population at carrying capacity for the area
Choose the correct answer;
(A) (a) and (b) only
(B) (a) and (c) only
(C) (b) and (c) only
(D) (a), (b) and (c)
Ans: D
22. Limnetic zone in freshwater ecosystem is characterised by
(A) Presence of rooted vegetation
(B) Absence of rooted vegetation
(C) Presence of large proportion of lime
(D) Absence of phytoplankton
Ans: B
23. Identify the most dominant pollutant in terms of its concentration levels in urban atmosphere.
(A) Oxides of nitrogen
(B) Oxides of sulphur
(C) Particulate matter
(D) Carbon monoxide
Ans: D
24. The main constituents of photochemical smog are
(A) Oxides of sulphur and CO
(B) Oxides of sulphur and hydrocarbons
(C) Oxides of nitrogen and CO
(D) Oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons and ozone
Ans: D
25. The air borne fraction of carbon is
(A) ~ 0.72
(B) ~ 0.62
(C) ~ 0.46
(D) ~ 0.38
Ans: C
26. The noise index Leq is used for noise standards in ambient environment of urban areas. The prescribed duration of the integration associated with Leq is
(A) 12 hours
(B) 8 hours
(C) 1 hour
(D) 30 minutes
Ans: B
27. In alkaline soils, which of the following is not present in soluble state?
(A) Phosphorous
(B) Calcium
(C) Nitrates
(D) Potassium
Ans: A
28. Which one of the following is not a post audit activity under environmental audit process?
(A) Review of draft report by Law department.
(B) Issue of final report to functional specialist.
(C) Develop action plan to establish responsibility.
(D) Report audit findings.
Ans: D
29. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Specification for environmental management system ISO 14001
(B) Environmental performance evaluation ISO 14040
(C) Guidelines for environmental auditing ISO 14000
(D) Environmental labels and declaration ISO 14004
Ans: A
30. In accordance with the Indian EIA notification 2006, within how many days if Environmental Appraisal Committee does not specify the Terms of Reference, the proponent can go ahead with its own Terms of Reference.
(A) 15 days
(B) 45 days
(C) 60 days
(D) 90 days
Ans: C
31. Which is the correct sequence for impact assessment process in EIA?
(A) Description of Environment → Identification of impacts → Prediction of impacts → Evaluation of impacts → Identification of mitigation needs.
(B) Identification of impacts → Prediction of impacts → Evaluation of impacts →Identification of mitigation needs.
(C) Identification of impacts → Description of Environment → Prediction of impacts → Evaluation of impacts → Identification of mitigation needs.
(D) Prediction of impacts → Identification of impacts → Description of environment → Evaluation of impacts → Identification of mitigation needs.
Ans: A
32. Quantifying the energy and raw material requirement as a part of life cycle assessment, is termed as
(A) Life Cycle improvement analysis.
(B) Life Cycle impact analysis.
(C) Life Cycle inventory.
(D) Life Cycle pre-requisites.
Ans: C
33. Which of the following pertains to “high-waste approach” in dealing with the solid and hazardous wastes?
(A) Burying and burning
(B) Recycling
(C) Composting
(D) Reusing
Ans: A
34. Assertion (A): Dumping of sewage to river water may decrease oxygen even below 4 mg/l.
Reason (R): Dumping of sewage pollutes river water heavily.
Identify the correct answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true with (R) being the correct explanation.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation.
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is wrong.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are wrong.
Ans: A
35. In most of the studies, a large sample size is anticipated to
(A) Get a low level of precision.
(B) Maximize the sampling error.
(C) Get a high level of precision.
(D) Maximize the standard deviation.
Ans: C
(A) Burning of fossil fuels
(B) Clearing of forests for agriculture
(C) Fermentation industries
(D) Cement industries
Ans: A
2. In a salt gradient solar pond, the salinity generally varies from top to bottom of the pond as
(A) < 5% to ~ 20%
(B) ~ 10% to ~ 30%
(C) ~ 20% to ~ 35%
(D) ~ 20% to ~ 40%
Ans: A
3. Which region among the following is not Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) hotspot?
(A) East-Asia
(B) South Africa
(C) Amazon Basin in South America
(D) Australia
Ans: D
4. Prolonged exposure to high levels of noise causes
(i) Hearing loss
(ii) Constriction of blood vessels
(iii) Gastric ulcers
(iv) Toxicity
Identify the correct answer:
(A) (i), (ii) and (iv) only
(B) (i), (iii) and (iv) only
(C) (i), (ii) and (iii) only
(D) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Ans: C
5. Azolla pinnata is a
(A) Blue green algae
(B) Green algae
(C) Red algae
(D) Fern
Ans: D
6. Assertion (A): Eruption of the volcano Mt. Pinatobu in 1991 spewed sulphur clouds into the upper reaches of the atmosphere. The following three years were cooler.
Reason (R): Sulphate aerosols reflect sunlight away from the Earth.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct (R) is incorrect.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
Ans: A
7. For an overcast day or night, the atmosphere is
(A) Stable
(B) Neutral
(C) Slightly stable
(D) Unstable
Ans: B
8. Assertion (A): The energy flow in an ecosystem follows the law of thermodynamics.
Reason (R): The energy flow in an ecosystem is unidirectional and during the transformation of energy from one trophic level to the other, 80 – 90% of energy is lost.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
9. Match the List – I with List – II and identify the correct answer from the given codes:
List – I List – II
(Thermodynamic Variables) (Expression)
(Symbols have their usual meanings.)
(a) ΔG i. ΔE + PΔV
(b) ΔG° ii. – n FE°
(c) ΔS iii. RT ln (V1/V2)
(d) ΔH iv. nR ln (V2/ V1)
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) ii iv i iii
(B) iii ii iv i
(C) iii i iv ii
(D) ii iii iv i
Ans: B
10. The environmental lapse rate during day time is governed by
(i) Wind speed
(ii) Sunlight
(iii) Topographical features
(iv) Cloud cover
The correct answer is
(A) (i) and (ii) only
(B) (ii) and (iii) only
(C) (i), (ii) and (iii) only
(D) (i) and (iv) only
Ans: C
11. The wavelength range of UV–C radiations is
(A) 200 – 280 nm
(B) 180 – 240 nm
(C) 320 – 400 nm
(D) 240 – 300 nm
Ans: A
12. In a gas chromatography experiment, the retention factor (Rf) values for pollutant ‘A’ and pollutant ‘B’ in a mixture of pollutants were 0.5 and 0.125, respectively. If the distance travelled by solvent front is 12 cms, the distance (in cms) travelled by pollutant ‘A’ and pollutant ‘B’ will be
(A) 6 and 1.5
(B) 3 and 1.5
(C) 0.5 and 0.125
(D) 1.5 and 3
Ans: A
13. Cells grown in a medium containing phosphorous –32 will show radio labelling in
(A) Starch
(B) Glycogen
(C) Proteins
(D) Nucleic acids
Ans: A
14. Assertion (A): Marine biodiversity tends to be highest in mid-latitudes in all oceans and along coasts in the Western Pacific.
Reason (R): Sea surface temperature along coasts in the Western Pacific is highest.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: B
15. “Double digging” is a method of
(A) Bio-intensive agriculture
(B) Deforestation
(C) Aforestation
(D) Water conservation
Ans: A
16. The rate of replacement of species along a gradient of habitats pertains to
(A) Alpha diversity
(B) Beta diversity
(C) Gamma diversity
(D) Species diversity
Ans: B
17. Match the List – I and List – II. Choose the correct answer from the given codes:
List – I List – II
(Vegetation development) (Nomenclature of succession)
(a) On a rock i. Psammosere
(b) On sand ii. Lithosere
(c) In aquatic habitat iii. Xerosere
(d) In dry habitat iv. Hydrosere
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) ii i iv iii
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) iii iv ii i
(D) iv iii i ii
Ans: A
18. If individuals of a species remain alive only in captivity or other human controlled conditions, the species is said to be
(A) Ecologically extinct
(B) Mass extinct
(C) Wild extinct
(D) Anthropogenic extinct
Ans: C
19. Which of the following symbolises correct sequence in hydrosere?
(A) Diatoms → Wolffia → Hydrilla → Cyperus → Populus
(B) Hydrilla → Wolffia → Cyperus → Populus → Diatoms
(C) Cyperus → Diatoms → Hydrilla → Wolffia → Populus
(D) Diatoms → Hydrilla → Wolffia → Cyperus → Populus
Ans: D
20. Which of the following is not a class of aquatic ecosystems based on salinity levels?
(A) Stagnant water ecosystem
(B) Freshwater ecosystem
(C) Brackish ecosystem
(D) Marine ecosystem
Ans: A
21. The K-strategists are
(a) Large organisms which have relatively longer life
(b) Provide care for their offsprings
(c) Organisms that stabilise their population at carrying capacity for the area
Choose the correct answer;
(A) (a) and (b) only
(B) (a) and (c) only
(C) (b) and (c) only
(D) (a), (b) and (c)
Ans: D
22. Limnetic zone in freshwater ecosystem is characterised by
(A) Presence of rooted vegetation
(B) Absence of rooted vegetation
(C) Presence of large proportion of lime
(D) Absence of phytoplankton
Ans: B
23. Identify the most dominant pollutant in terms of its concentration levels in urban atmosphere.
(A) Oxides of nitrogen
(B) Oxides of sulphur
(C) Particulate matter
(D) Carbon monoxide
Ans: D
24. The main constituents of photochemical smog are
(A) Oxides of sulphur and CO
(B) Oxides of sulphur and hydrocarbons
(C) Oxides of nitrogen and CO
(D) Oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons and ozone
Ans: D
25. The air borne fraction of carbon is
(A) ~ 0.72
(B) ~ 0.62
(C) ~ 0.46
(D) ~ 0.38
Ans: C
26. The noise index Leq is used for noise standards in ambient environment of urban areas. The prescribed duration of the integration associated with Leq is
(A) 12 hours
(B) 8 hours
(C) 1 hour
(D) 30 minutes
Ans: B
27. In alkaline soils, which of the following is not present in soluble state?
(A) Phosphorous
(B) Calcium
(C) Nitrates
(D) Potassium
Ans: A
28. Which one of the following is not a post audit activity under environmental audit process?
(A) Review of draft report by Law department.
(B) Issue of final report to functional specialist.
(C) Develop action plan to establish responsibility.
(D) Report audit findings.
Ans: D
29. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Specification for environmental management system ISO 14001
(B) Environmental performance evaluation ISO 14040
(C) Guidelines for environmental auditing ISO 14000
(D) Environmental labels and declaration ISO 14004
Ans: A
30. In accordance with the Indian EIA notification 2006, within how many days if Environmental Appraisal Committee does not specify the Terms of Reference, the proponent can go ahead with its own Terms of Reference.
(A) 15 days
(B) 45 days
(C) 60 days
(D) 90 days
Ans: C
31. Which is the correct sequence for impact assessment process in EIA?
(A) Description of Environment → Identification of impacts → Prediction of impacts → Evaluation of impacts → Identification of mitigation needs.
(B) Identification of impacts → Prediction of impacts → Evaluation of impacts →Identification of mitigation needs.
(C) Identification of impacts → Description of Environment → Prediction of impacts → Evaluation of impacts → Identification of mitigation needs.
(D) Prediction of impacts → Identification of impacts → Description of environment → Evaluation of impacts → Identification of mitigation needs.
Ans: A
32. Quantifying the energy and raw material requirement as a part of life cycle assessment, is termed as
(A) Life Cycle improvement analysis.
(B) Life Cycle impact analysis.
(C) Life Cycle inventory.
(D) Life Cycle pre-requisites.
Ans: C
33. Which of the following pertains to “high-waste approach” in dealing with the solid and hazardous wastes?
(A) Burying and burning
(B) Recycling
(C) Composting
(D) Reusing
Ans: A
34. Assertion (A): Dumping of sewage to river water may decrease oxygen even below 4 mg/l.
Reason (R): Dumping of sewage pollutes river water heavily.
Identify the correct answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true with (R) being the correct explanation.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation.
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is wrong.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are wrong.
Ans: A
35. In most of the studies, a large sample size is anticipated to
(A) Get a low level of precision.
(B) Maximize the sampling error.
(C) Get a high level of precision.
(D) Maximize the standard deviation.
Ans: C