SANGAM AGE

UPSC STUDYMATERIALS

SANGAM AGE

How many Sangams were there in ancient Tamilnadu? Three (Muchchangam)
What is the meaning of Sangam? Academy of Tamil poets
Under whose dynasty, the Sangams flourished? Pandyas
Where were the three Sangams held? Then Madurai, Kapadapuram and Madurai
Name the only currently available Sangam literary work from second Sangam. Tolkappiyam
Who founded the third Sangam at Madurai? Mudathirumaran
Name few Sangam literatures. Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku
Name the two epics of Sangam period. Silappathigaram and Manimegalai
Who was the author of Tolkappiyam? Tolkappiyar
Which is the earliest of the Tamil literature? Tolkappiyam
Name the eight works of Ettutogai or Eight Anthologies of Sangam period. Aingurunooru, Narrinai, Aganaooru, Purananooru, Kuruntogai, Kalittogai, Paripadal and Padirruppattu
Name the ten works of Pattuppattu or Ten Idylls. Thirumurugarruppadai, Porunararruppadai, Sirupanarruppadai, Perumpanarruppadai, Mullaippattu, Nedunalvadai, Maduraikkanji, Kurinjippatttu, Pattinappalai and Malaipadukadam
What are the two main groups of Ettutogai and Pattuppattu? Aham (love) and Puram (valour)
How many works are there in Pathinenkilkanakku? 18
Name the most important work among 18 Pathinenkilkanakku. Tirukkural
Name the author of Tirukkural. Thiruvalluvar
Who wrote Silappathigaram? Elango Adigal
Who wrote Manimegalai? Sittalai Sattanar
Name few Greek authors. Megasthenes, Strabo, Pliny and Ptolemy
Who were the three main rulers of Tamil country (Tamilnadu) during Sangam period? Chera, Chola and Pandya rulers
Name the inscription of Kharavela of Kalinga that mentions about Tamil kingdoms. Hathikumbha
What was the period of Sangam literature? third century B.C. to third century A.D.
Who ruled parts of modern Kerala during Sangam age? The Cheras
What was the capital of the Cheras? Vanji
Name the seaports of Chera dynasty. Tondi and Musiri
Name the flowers used in the garlands of Cherans? Palmyra flowers
Which inscription refers to three generations of Chera rulers? Pugalur inscription
Name three famous kings of Chera kingdom. Perum Sorru Udhiyan Cheralathan, Imayavaramban Nedum Cheralathan and Cheran Senguttuvan
Name the brother of Cheran Senguttuvan, who was also the author of Silappathigaram? Elango Adigal
Who brought stone for making the idol of Kannagi after his Himalayan expedition? Cheran Senguttuvan
Name the foreigner who attended the consecration ceremony of Kannagi idol? Gajabhagu II from Sri Lanka
What are the boundaries of Chola kingdom? from modern Tiruchi district to southern Andhra Pradesh
Which was the first capital of Chola Kingdom? Uraiyur
The capital of Chola Kingdom was shifted from Uraiyur to ____________. Puhar
Name the famous Chola King of Sangam age. Karikala
Which book depicts the life and military conquests of Karikala king? Pattinappalai
Who defeated the Cheras, Pandyas and eleven minor chieftains in the Venni battle? Karikala
In which battle, Karikala defeated nine enemy chieftains? Battle of Vahaipparandalai
Which king brought forest area under cultivation? Karikala
Who built Kallanai across the river Kaveri? Karikala
Who was the ruler of present day southern Tamil Nadu? The Pandyas
Name the capital of Pandyas. Madurai
Who were the two Neduncheliyans of Pandya kingdom? Aryappadai Kadantha Neduncheliyan and Talaiyalanganattu Cheruvenra Neduncheliyan
Which Pandya king defeated Aryan forces? Aryappadai Kadantha Neduncheliyan
Who executed Kovalan, husband of Kannagi? Aryappadai Kadantha Neduncheliyan
Who was the husband of Kannagi? Kovalan
Name the place burnt by Kannagi? Madurai
Which Pandya King won the Talaiyalanganam battle? Talaiyalanganattu Cheruvenra Neduncheliyan
Name the authors who praised Talaiyalanganattu Cheruvenra Neduncheliyan? Nakkirar and Mangudi Maruthanar
Where is Talaiyalanganam located now? Tanjore district
Who was the author of Maduraikkanji? Mangudi Maruthanar
Which book tells about the socio-economic condition of the Pandyas? Maduraikkanji
Name the seaport mentioned in the book Maduraikkanji. Korkai
Who was the last famous Pandyan king? Uggira Peruvaludhi
What was the reason for decline of Sangam age? invasion of the Kalabhras
Name the Kadai Yelu Vallalgal. Pari, Kari, Ori, Nalli, Pegan, Ay and Adiyaman
What are the titles of Chera kings? Vanavaramban, Vanavan, Kuttuvan, Irumporai and Villavar
What are the titles of Chola kings? Senni, Valavan and Killi
What are the titles of Pandya kings? Thennavar and Minavar
Name the royal emblems of Chera, Chola and Pandya Kings. Carp for the Pandyas, tiger for the Cholas and bow for the Cheras
Which book tells about the custom officials in the Puhar seaport? The Pattinappalai
Which Sangam age books tells about the five-fold division of lands? Tolkappiyam
Name the five-fold division of lands. Kurinji (hilly tracks), Mullai (pastoral), Marudam (agricultural), Neydal (coastal) and Palai (desert)
Who was the God of Kurinji? Murugan
Who was the God of Mullai? Mayon (Vishnu)
Who was the God of Marudam? Indira
Who was the God of Neydal? Varunan
Who was the God of Palai? Korravai
What was the main occupation of Kurinji people? hunting and honey collection
What was the main occupation of Mullai people? cattle-rearing and dealing with dairy products
What was the main occupation of Marudam people? agriculture
What was the main occupation of Neydal people? fishing and salt manufacturing
What was the main occupation of Palai people? robbery
Name the four castes of Sangam age as mentioned in Tolkappiyam. Arasar, Anthanar, Vanigar and Vellalar
Which class people were rulers in Sangam age? Arasar
Which class people were involved in politics and religion in Sangam age? Anthanars
Which class people were involved in trade and commerce in Sangam age? Vanigars
Which class people were involved in agriculture in Sangam age? Vellalas
Who was the main God of the Sangam period? Seyon or Murugan (Tamil God)
Which God was honoured with six abodes during Sangam period? Murugan
What was the name of the six abodes, used for honouring God Murugan? Arupadai Veedu
Which was erected to remember the bravery of the warriors during Sangam age? Hero Stone
Name few female poets of Sangam age. Avvaiyar, Nachchellaiyar and Kakkaipadiniyar
Which was considered as the highest virtue of women during Sangam age? Karpu or Chaste life
Name the singing bards of Sangam age. Panar and Viraliyar
Who performed dance in Sangam age? Kanigaiyar
Name the most popular entertainment of the people of Sangam age. Koothu
What was the main occupation of people of Sangam age? Agriculture
Name the main agricultural products of Chera country. Jack fruit and pepper
What was the main agricultural products of Chola and Pandya country? Paddy
Which place was famous for weaving cotton in Sangam age? Uraiyur
Name the system of internal trade in Sangam age. Barter system
Name the famous port city of Sangam age which became an emporium of foreign trade. Puhar
Name few ports of Sangam age. Puhar, Tondi, Musiri, Korkai, Arikkamedu and Marakkanam
Name the foreign empire which had trade relation with Tamil country. Roman empire
What were the chief imports of Sangam age? Gold, horses and sweet wine

SANGAM AGE

UPSC Study Materials​MCQs for Competitive Examinations

UPSC Study Materials
MCQs for Competitive Examinations