PRE-HISTORIC INDIA AND THE HARAPPAN CULTURE
- What are the divisions of prehistoric period? Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), Neolithic (New Stone Age) and the Metal Age.
- Which techniques are used to date the prehistoric period in India? Radio-carbon dating and dendro-chronology
- Name the technique where date is calculated by measuring the loss of carbon in organic materials over a period of time. Radio-carbon dating
- In which technique of the number of tree rings in the wood is counted to know its date? Dendro-chronology
- In which areas Paleolithic sites are commonly found? Near water sources
- Name the place where Paleolithic site is found in Tamilnadu. Attirampakkam near Chennai
- In which pre-historic period hunter-gatherers are found? Paleolithic or Old Stone Age period
- Name the hard rock that is used to make stone implements in Paleolithic age. Quartzite
- Name the place where the paintings of Paleolithic age are found. Rocks at Bhimbetka
- What is the period of Paleolithic age? Before 10000 B.C.
- What is the period of Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age? 10000 B.C. to 6000 B.C
- Name the transitional phase between the Paleolithic Age and Neolithic Age? Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age
- Where can the remains of Mesolithic age are found in India? Langhanj in Gujarat and Adamgarh in Madhya Pradesh
- Name the tiny stone artifacts found in Mesolithic age. Microliths (not more than 5 cm)
- In which prehistoric period, the use of bow and arrow started? Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age
- In which prehistoric period, horticulture and primitive cultivation started? Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age
- What is the period of Neolithic age? 6000 B.C to 4000 B.C.
- Where can the Neolithic remains found in India? Kashmir valley, Chirand in Bihar, Belan valley in UP and in Deccan
- Name few Neolithic sites in south India. Maski, Brahmagiri, Hallur and Kodekal in Karnataka, Paiyampalli in Tamil Nadu and Utnur in Andhra Pradesh.
- In which place of TN, Neolithic sites are found? Paiyampalli
- In which pre-historic age, pottery manufacture was practised? Neolithic age
- In which pre-historic age, mud houses were built? Neolithic age
- In which pre-historic age, wheels were used to make pottery? Neolithic age
- In Neolithic age, what was used to bury the dead people? Large urns
- Name the material used for making clothes in Neolithic age. Cotton and Wool
- Name the metals that are used in Metal age. Copper and Bronze
- What is the other name of Metal age? Chalcolithic (copper-stone) period
- What are the main developments of Metal age? smelting metal ore and crafting metal artifacts
- Name the period that followed Chalcolithic age. Iron Age
- To which pre-historic age, Megalithic Burials is related to? Iron age of the southern peninsula
- Give the meaning of megalith. Large Stone
- Name the megalithic site in Andhra Pradesh? Nagarjunakonda
- Name the megalithic site in Karnataka? Hallur and Maski
- Name the megalithic site in Tamilnadu? Adichchanallur
- Name the country where Harappa and Mohenjadaro are found now? Pakistan
- What is the new name of Indus Valley Civilisation? Indus Civilisation/ Harappan Civilisation
- Which is the largest of all Indus cities? Mohenjodaro (over 200 ha)
- Name the stages of Harappan culture. Pre-Harappan, Early-Harappan, Mature-Harappan and Late Harappan
- Where is pre-Harappan stage located? eastern Baluchistan
- Which place excavation is linked to pre-Harappan culture? Mehrgarh
- Which places are evidence for early-Harappan stage? Amri and Kot Diji
- The excavations at Kalibangan are linked to which Harappan stage? Mature-Harappan stage
- In which Harappan stage, the decline of Indus culture started? Late-Harappan stage
- Which acted as emporium of trade between Harappan civilization and other parts of India and Mesopotamia? Lothal
- What is the period of Mohenjadaro as estimated by Sir John Marshall in 1931? 3250 and 2750 B.C.
- What is the period of Harappan culture as per Fairservis in 1956? 2000 and 1500 B.C
- What is the period of Harappan culture as per D.P. Agarwal in 1964? 2300 and 1750 B.C.
- Which is the salient feature of Harappan Culture? Town Planning on the lines of grid system
- Name the material used for building houses in Harappan culture? Burnt bricks
- Give the measurements of Great Bath of Mohenjadaro. 39 x 23 x 8 feet
- Which is the largest building in Mohenjadaro? Granary (150 x 50 feet)
- In which culture Bronze and copper vessels were used? Harappan culture
- Name the countries where foreign trade was conducted in Harappan culture? Mesopotamia, Afghanistan and Iran.
- What are the main imports of Harappan culture? Gold, copper, tin, semi-precious stones
- In Harappan culture, agricultural products were exported to which country? Mesopotamia, Afghanistan and Iran.
- In Harappan culture, what was used for land transport? Bullock carts and oxen
- In which order the scripts were written in Harappan culture? Right to left
- Name the method of writing in the reverse direction in alternative lines. Boustrophedon method
- According to Parpola, what is the language of the Harappans? Dravidian
- Who is the chief male and female deity of Harappans? Male: Pasupati (Proto-Siva), Female: Mother Goddess
- Name the four animals that surrounds Pasupati. Elephant, Tiger, Rhinoceros and Buffalo
- Name the material worn by Harappans to protect from ghosts and evil spirits. Amulets
- Name the ancient port city of Harappan Culture. Lothal
- Give the time period of Indus/ Harappan Civilization? 2500 BC - 1750 BC
- Who were the first to produce cotton in the world? Indus
- Which Indus sites were found in Afghanistan? Shatughai and Mundigaq
- Name the largest site of Indus Civilization? Rakhigarhi
- Give the period of Vedic Culture. 1500 BC to 600 B.C.
- How many mandalas are there in Rig Veda? Ten
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