HORTICULTURE
HORTICULTURE SYLLABUS
(These syllabus may change from time to time. Please check with the relevant Public Service Commission websites for any changes in the syllabus)
Unit 1. TROPICAL AND DRY LAND FRUIT PRODUCTION
Commercial varieties of regional, national and international importance, ecophysiological requirements, recent trends in propagation, rootstock influence, planting systems, cropping systems, root zone and canopy management, nutrient management, water management, fertigation, role of bioregulators, abiotic factors limiting fruit production, physiology of flowering, pollination fruit set and development, honeybees in cross pollination, physiological disorders- causes and remedies, quality improvement by management practices; maturity indices, harvesting, grading, packing, storage and ripening techniques; industrial and export potential, Agri. Export Zones(AEZ) and industrial supports.
Unit 2. SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT PRODUCTION
Commercial varieties of regional, national and international importance, ecophysiological requirements, recent trends in propagation, rootstock influence, planting systems, cropping systems, root zone and canopy management, nutrient management, water management, fertigation, bioregulation, abiotic factors limiting fruit production, physiology of flowering, fruit set and development, abiotic factors limiting production, physiological disorders-causes and remedies, quality improvement by management practices; maturity indices, harvesting, grading, packing, precooling, storage, transportation and ripening techniques; industrial and export potential, Agri Export Zones(AEZ) and industrial support. Crops: Apple, pear, quince, grapes, Plums, peach, apricot, cherries, Litchi, loquat, persimmon, kiwifruit, strawberry, Nuts- walnut, almond, pistachio, pecan, hazelnut, Minor fruits- mangosteen, carambola, bael, wood apple, fig, jamun, rambutan, pomegranate.
Unit 3. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
Biodiversity and conservation; issues and goals, centers of origin of cultivated fruits; primary and secondary centers of genetic diversity; Present status of gene centers; exploration and collection of germplasm; conservation of genetic resources – conservation in situ and ex situ. Germplasm conservation- problem of recalcitrancy - cold storage of scions, tissue culture, cryopreservation, pollen and seed storage; inventory of germplasm, introduction of germplasm, plant quarantine; Intellectual property rights, regulatory horticulture. Detection of genetic constitution of germplasm and maintenance of core group; GIS and documentation of local biodiversity, Geographical indication.
Unit 4. CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS
Canopy management - importance and advantages; factors affecting canopy development; Canopy types and structures with special emphasis on geometry of planting, canopy manipulation for optimum utilization of light. Light interception and distribution in different types of tree canopies; Spacing and utilization of land area - Canopy classification; Canopy management through rootstock and scion; Canopy management through plant growth inhibitors, training and pruning and management practices; Canopy development and management in relation to growth, flowering, fruiting and fruit quality in temperate fruits, grapes, passion fruits, mango, sapota, guava, citrus and ber.
Unit 5. BREEDING OF FRUIT CROPS
Origin and distribution, taxonomical status – species and cultivars, cytogenetics, genetic resources, blossom biology, breeding systems, breeding objectives, ideotypes, approaches for crop improvement – introduction, selection, hybridization, mutation breeding, polyploid breeding, rootstock breeding, improvement of quality traits, resistance breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses, biotechnological interventions, achievements and future thrust in the following selected fruit crops.Crops: Mango, banana and pineapple, Citrus, grapes, guava and sapota, Jackfruit, papaya, custard apple, aonla, avocado and ber,Mangosteen, litchi, jamun, phalsa, mulberry, raspberry, kokam and nuts, Apple, pear, plums, peach, apricot, cherries and strawberry.
Unit 6. POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY
Maturity indices, harvesting practices for specific market requirements, influence of pre-harvest practices, enzymatic and textural changes, respiration, transpiration; Physiology and biochemistry of fruit ripening, ethylene evolution and ethylene management, factors leading to post-harvest loss, pre-cooling; Treatments prior to shipment, viz., chlorination, waxing, chemicals, biocontrol agents and natural plant products. Methods of storage- ventilated, refrigerated, MAS, CA storage, physical injuries and disorders; Packing methods and transport, principles and methods of preservation, food processing, canning, fruit juices, beverages, pickles, jam, jellies, candies; Dried and dehydrated products, nutritionally enriched products, fermented fruit beverages, packaging technology, processing waste management, food safety standards.
Unit 7. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Growth and development- definition, parameters of growth and development, growth dynamics, morphogenesis; Annual, semi-perennial and perennial horticultural crops, environmental impact on growth and development, effect of light, photosynthesis and photoperiodism vernalisation, effect of temperature, heat units, thermoperiodism; Assimilate partitioning during growth and development, influence of water and mineral nutrition during growth and development, biosynthesis of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscissic acid, ethylene, brasssinosteroids, growth inhibitors, morphactins, role of plant growth promoters and inhibitors; Developmental physiology and biochemistry during dormancy, bud break, juvenility, vegetative to reproductive interphase, flowering, pollination, fertilization and fruit set, fruit drop, fruit growth, ripening and seed development; Growth and developmental process during stress - manipulation of growth and development, impact of pruning and training, chemical manipulations in horticultural crops, molecular and genetic approaches in plant growth development.
Unit 8. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF FRUIT CROPS
Harnessing bio-technology in horticultural crops, influence of plant materials, physical, chemical factors and growth regulators on growth and development of plant cell, tissue and organ culture; Callus culture - types, cell division, differentiation, morphogenesis, organogenesis, embryogenesis; Use of bioreactors and in vitro methods for production of secondary metabolites, suspension culture, nutrition of tissues and cells, regeneration of tissues, ex vitro, establishment of tissue cultured plants; Physiology of hardening - hardening and field transfer, organ culture – meristem, embryo, anther, ovule culture, embryo rescue, somaclonal variation, protoplast culture and fusion; Construction and identification of somatic hybrids and cybrids, wide hybridization, in vitro pollination and fertilization, haploids, in vitro mutation, artificial seeds, cryopreservation, rapid clonal propagation, genetic engineering and transformation in horticulture crops, use of molecular markers. In vitro selection for biotic and abiotic stress, achievements of biotechnology in horticultural crops.
Unit 9. PROTECTED FRUIT CULTURE
Greenhouse – World scenario, Indian situation: present and future, Different agro-climatic zones in India, Environmental factors and their effects on plant growth; Basics of greenhouse design, different types of structures – glasshouse, shade net, poly tunnels - Design and development of low cost greenhouse structures; Interaction of light, temperature, humidity, CO2, water on crop regulation - Greenhouse heating, cooling, ventilation and shading; Types of ventilation- Forced cooling techniques - Glazing materials - Micro irrigation and Fertigation; Automated greenhouses, microcontrollers, waste water recycling, Management of pest and diseases – IPM.
Unit 1. TROPICAL AND DRY LAND FRUIT PRODUCTION
Commercial varieties of regional, national and international importance, ecophysiological requirements, recent trends in propagation, rootstock influence, planting systems, cropping systems, root zone and canopy management, nutrient management, water management, fertigation, role of bioregulators, abiotic factors limiting fruit production, physiology of flowering, pollination fruit set and development, honeybees in cross pollination, physiological disorders- causes and remedies, quality improvement by management practices; maturity indices, harvesting, grading, packing, storage and ripening techniques; industrial and export potential, Agri. Export Zones(AEZ) and industrial supports.
Unit 2. SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT PRODUCTION
Commercial varieties of regional, national and international importance, ecophysiological requirements, recent trends in propagation, rootstock influence, planting systems, cropping systems, root zone and canopy management, nutrient management, water management, fertigation, bioregulation, abiotic factors limiting fruit production, physiology of flowering, fruit set and development, abiotic factors limiting production, physiological disorders-causes and remedies, quality improvement by management practices; maturity indices, harvesting, grading, packing, precooling, storage, transportation and ripening techniques; industrial and export potential, Agri Export Zones(AEZ) and industrial support. Crops: Apple, pear, quince, grapes, Plums, peach, apricot, cherries, Litchi, loquat, persimmon, kiwifruit, strawberry, Nuts- walnut, almond, pistachio, pecan, hazelnut, Minor fruits- mangosteen, carambola, bael, wood apple, fig, jamun, rambutan, pomegranate.
Unit 3. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
Biodiversity and conservation; issues and goals, centers of origin of cultivated fruits; primary and secondary centers of genetic diversity; Present status of gene centers; exploration and collection of germplasm; conservation of genetic resources – conservation in situ and ex situ. Germplasm conservation- problem of recalcitrancy - cold storage of scions, tissue culture, cryopreservation, pollen and seed storage; inventory of germplasm, introduction of germplasm, plant quarantine; Intellectual property rights, regulatory horticulture. Detection of genetic constitution of germplasm and maintenance of core group; GIS and documentation of local biodiversity, Geographical indication.
Unit 4. CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS
Canopy management - importance and advantages; factors affecting canopy development; Canopy types and structures with special emphasis on geometry of planting, canopy manipulation for optimum utilization of light. Light interception and distribution in different types of tree canopies; Spacing and utilization of land area - Canopy classification; Canopy management through rootstock and scion; Canopy management through plant growth inhibitors, training and pruning and management practices; Canopy development and management in relation to growth, flowering, fruiting and fruit quality in temperate fruits, grapes, passion fruits, mango, sapota, guava, citrus and ber.
Unit 5. BREEDING OF FRUIT CROPS
Origin and distribution, taxonomical status – species and cultivars, cytogenetics, genetic resources, blossom biology, breeding systems, breeding objectives, ideotypes, approaches for crop improvement – introduction, selection, hybridization, mutation breeding, polyploid breeding, rootstock breeding, improvement of quality traits, resistance breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses, biotechnological interventions, achievements and future thrust in the following selected fruit crops.Crops: Mango, banana and pineapple, Citrus, grapes, guava and sapota, Jackfruit, papaya, custard apple, aonla, avocado and ber,Mangosteen, litchi, jamun, phalsa, mulberry, raspberry, kokam and nuts, Apple, pear, plums, peach, apricot, cherries and strawberry.
Unit 6. POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY
Maturity indices, harvesting practices for specific market requirements, influence of pre-harvest practices, enzymatic and textural changes, respiration, transpiration; Physiology and biochemistry of fruit ripening, ethylene evolution and ethylene management, factors leading to post-harvest loss, pre-cooling; Treatments prior to shipment, viz., chlorination, waxing, chemicals, biocontrol agents and natural plant products. Methods of storage- ventilated, refrigerated, MAS, CA storage, physical injuries and disorders; Packing methods and transport, principles and methods of preservation, food processing, canning, fruit juices, beverages, pickles, jam, jellies, candies; Dried and dehydrated products, nutritionally enriched products, fermented fruit beverages, packaging technology, processing waste management, food safety standards.
Unit 7. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Growth and development- definition, parameters of growth and development, growth dynamics, morphogenesis; Annual, semi-perennial and perennial horticultural crops, environmental impact on growth and development, effect of light, photosynthesis and photoperiodism vernalisation, effect of temperature, heat units, thermoperiodism; Assimilate partitioning during growth and development, influence of water and mineral nutrition during growth and development, biosynthesis of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscissic acid, ethylene, brasssinosteroids, growth inhibitors, morphactins, role of plant growth promoters and inhibitors; Developmental physiology and biochemistry during dormancy, bud break, juvenility, vegetative to reproductive interphase, flowering, pollination, fertilization and fruit set, fruit drop, fruit growth, ripening and seed development; Growth and developmental process during stress - manipulation of growth and development, impact of pruning and training, chemical manipulations in horticultural crops, molecular and genetic approaches in plant growth development.
Unit 8. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF FRUIT CROPS
Harnessing bio-technology in horticultural crops, influence of plant materials, physical, chemical factors and growth regulators on growth and development of plant cell, tissue and organ culture; Callus culture - types, cell division, differentiation, morphogenesis, organogenesis, embryogenesis; Use of bioreactors and in vitro methods for production of secondary metabolites, suspension culture, nutrition of tissues and cells, regeneration of tissues, ex vitro, establishment of tissue cultured plants; Physiology of hardening - hardening and field transfer, organ culture – meristem, embryo, anther, ovule culture, embryo rescue, somaclonal variation, protoplast culture and fusion; Construction and identification of somatic hybrids and cybrids, wide hybridization, in vitro pollination and fertilization, haploids, in vitro mutation, artificial seeds, cryopreservation, rapid clonal propagation, genetic engineering and transformation in horticulture crops, use of molecular markers. In vitro selection for biotic and abiotic stress, achievements of biotechnology in horticultural crops.
Unit 9. PROTECTED FRUIT CULTURE
Greenhouse – World scenario, Indian situation: present and future, Different agro-climatic zones in India, Environmental factors and their effects on plant growth; Basics of greenhouse design, different types of structures – glasshouse, shade net, poly tunnels - Design and development of low cost greenhouse structures; Interaction of light, temperature, humidity, CO2, water on crop regulation - Greenhouse heating, cooling, ventilation and shading; Types of ventilation- Forced cooling techniques - Glazing materials - Micro irrigation and Fertigation; Automated greenhouses, microcontrollers, waste water recycling, Management of pest and diseases – IPM.
HORTICULTURE MCQs
1. Papain rich variety of papaya is -
A) Pusa Dwarf B) Pusa Nanha C) CO.5 D) Surya
Ans: C
2. Date palm is commercially propagated by -
A) Cutting B) Budding C) Layering D) Offshoots
Ans: D
3. Which of following vegetable is often cross pollinated-
A) Pea B) Okra C) Cauliflower D) Spinach
Ans: B
4. In seed production roguing is done to -
A) Remove weeds B) Remove off type plants C) Harvesting of seed crop D) Remove flower of crop
Ans: B
5. Cole crops are naturally -
A) Cross pollinated B) Self pollinated C) Ofetn self pollinated D) Often cross pollinated
Ans: A
6. Mist technique is suitable for rooting of -
A) Leafy cuttings B) Grafting C) Budding D) Air layering
Ans: A
7. Thiourea is used to -
A) Hasten the seed germination B) For flowering C) For fruit drop D) For fruit ripening
Ans: A
8. Disbudding in chrysanthemum is done in the month of -
A) January B) April C) October D) December
Ans: C
9. Cuminol is found in the seed spice of -
A) Clove B) Cinnamon C) Cumin D) Coriandor
Ans: C
10. Which part of cinnamon plant is used as spice -
A) Flower B) Fruit C) Seed D) Bark
Ans: D
11. G-41 is variety of which spice -
A) Coriandar B) Black pepper C) Garlic D) Clove
Ans: C
12. Dill is a type of spices -
A) Herbaceous B) Shrub annual C) Tree perennial D) Herbaceous tree
Ans: A
13. Hottest pepper in the world is -
A) Kashmiri mirch B) Jwala Chillies C) Bhut Jolokia D) Hindpur Chillies
Ans: C
14. Yellow vein mosaie virus [YVMV] disease of okra is transmitted by -
A) Aphid B) White fly C) Mite D) Leaf hopper
Ans: B
15. Neelum (NA-7) variety of aonla is selected from open pollinated strain of -
A) Banarasi B) Chakaiya C) Francis D) BSR-1
Ans: C
16. Wooly aphid is a serious pest in -
A) Apple B) Walnut C) Sapota D) Coconut
Ans: A
17. Arka Amulya is a cultivar of guava developed through cross between -
A) Apple Colour x Allahabad Safeda
B) Seedless x Allahabad Safeda
C) Allahabad Safeda x Apple Colour
D) Allahabad Safeda x Seedless
Ans: B
18. Bitter pit in apple is caused due to deficiency of -
A) Calcium B) Boron C) Magnesium D) Molybdenum
Ans: A
19. Pusa Navrang is a hybrid variety of -
A) Fig B) Grapes C) Guava D) Mango
Ans: B
20. "Flattening of branches' is a physiological disorder of -
A) Jack fruit B) Aonla C) Apple D) Sapota
Ans: D
21. Which of the following is not a variety of fenugreek -
A) Hisar Sonali B) Hisar Swarup C) Hisar Suvarna D) Hisar Madhavi
Ans: B
22. Flower cluster of tomato is known as -
A) Umbel B) Hip C) Spadix D) Truss
Ans: D
23. Delayed harvesting in radish may cause -
A) Forking B) Pithiness
C) Deformed roots D) High pungency
Ans: B
24. Which of the following is a serious weed in cumin crop -
A) Chenopodium murale B) Oynodon dactylon C) Convolvulus arvensis D) Plantago pumila
Ans: D
25. The parentage of Pusa Rasraj variety of Muskmelon is -
A) M3 X Durgapura Madhu B) M3 X Durgapura Meetha
C) Durgapura Madhu X M3 D) Durgapura Meetha X M3
Ans: A
26. Which of the following variety of okra is developed through mutation breeding -
A) Azad Kranti B) Punjab Padmini C) Pusa A-4 D) Punjab -8
Ans: D
27. The important quality parameters for export of delydrated onion are -
A) Red colour of bulbs with high pungency B) White colour of bulbs with high pungency
C) Red colour of bulbs with low pungency D) White colour of bulbs with low pungency
Ans: D
28. Which part of clove plant is used as a spice -
A) Whole flower B) Stigma C) Peduncle D) Unopen flower bud
Ans: D
29. Quality of pods in pea reduced by conversion of sugar into hemicellulose and starch is due to -
A) High temperature B) High humidily
C) High nitrogen content in soil D) Deficiency of boron
Ans: A
30. Which one of the following is not correctly matched -
A) Tomato - Solanin B) Bittergourd - Momordicin C) Chilli - Capasaicin D) Garlic - Allicin
Ans: A
31. Which of the following seed spice is known as 'Bishops weed' -
A) Dill B) Celery C) Anise D) Ajowain
Ans: D
32. Which of the following shrubs produces fragrant flowers -
A) Tecoma stains B) Calliandra hybrida C) Murraya exotica D) Caesalpinia pulcharima
Ans: C
33. Dahlia is propogated by -
A) Corm B) Bulb C) Tuber D) Rhizome
Ans: C
34. Calyx splitting is a disorder of -
A) Gerbera B) Gladiolus C) Rose D) Carnation
Ans: D
35. Which of the following species of jasmine is refers to 'Spanish Jasmine' -
A) Jasminum auriculatum B) Jasminum sambac C) Jasminum humile D) Jasminum grandiflorum
Ans: D
36. Pinching is important operation in -
A) Gladiolus B) Tuberose C) Gerbera D) Carnation
Ans: D
37. Which of the following pair is not correctly matched -
A) Clerodendron splendens - climber B) Putranjiva roxburghi - Tree
C) Passiflora incarnata - Shrub D) Livistinia chinensis - Palm
Ans: C
38. Which of the following fruit have low pectin and acid content -
A) Sour apple B) Sour guava C) jamun D) Strawberry
Ans: D
39. Fruit squash must have minimum fruit juice pulp percentage of -
A) 20% B) 25% C) 30% D) 40%
Ans: B
40. Penetrometer is an instrument used to measure _____ of fruits -
A) Total soluble solids B) Suagr: acid ratio C) Acidity D) Firmness
Ans: D
41. The flower colour of 'kasuri methi' is -
A) Yellow B) Blue C) White D) Red
Ans: A
42. "Mahima' is a variety of which spice crop -
A) Ginger B) Turmeric C) Coriander D) Fennel
Ans: A
43. Which of the following vareity of pomegranate have maximum fruit cracking -
A) Jodhpur Red B) Dholka C) Ganesh D) Bessein seedless
Ans: A
44. Commercial method for propagation of gladiolus is -
A) Bulb B) Seed C) Corm D) Tuber
Ans: C
45. Litchi is commercially propagated by -
A) T budding B) cutting C) Inarching D) Air layering
Ans: D
46. The fat percentage in coconut is -
A) 20.1 B) 30.1 C) 40.1 D) 50.1
Ans: C
47. "Sindur' vareity of chilli has bean developed through which breeding methods -
A) Pure line selection B) Hybridization C) Introduction D) Pedigree selection
Ans: A
48. Which of the following is most susceptible to chilling injury during storage at 4 deg C
A) Pear B) Grapes C) Cucumber D) Strawberry
Ans: C
49. The most economical and commercial method for propagation of acid lime is -
A) Grafting B) Budding C) Seeds D) Cuttings
Ans: C
50. Botanical name of 'pilu ' is -
A) Nephelium lappaceum B) Diospyros kaki C) Salvadora oleoides D) Averrhoa bilimbi
Ans: C
A) Pusa Dwarf B) Pusa Nanha C) CO.5 D) Surya
Ans: C
2. Date palm is commercially propagated by -
A) Cutting B) Budding C) Layering D) Offshoots
Ans: D
3. Which of following vegetable is often cross pollinated-
A) Pea B) Okra C) Cauliflower D) Spinach
Ans: B
4. In seed production roguing is done to -
A) Remove weeds B) Remove off type plants C) Harvesting of seed crop D) Remove flower of crop
Ans: B
5. Cole crops are naturally -
A) Cross pollinated B) Self pollinated C) Ofetn self pollinated D) Often cross pollinated
Ans: A
6. Mist technique is suitable for rooting of -
A) Leafy cuttings B) Grafting C) Budding D) Air layering
Ans: A
7. Thiourea is used to -
A) Hasten the seed germination B) For flowering C) For fruit drop D) For fruit ripening
Ans: A
8. Disbudding in chrysanthemum is done in the month of -
A) January B) April C) October D) December
Ans: C
9. Cuminol is found in the seed spice of -
A) Clove B) Cinnamon C) Cumin D) Coriandor
Ans: C
10. Which part of cinnamon plant is used as spice -
A) Flower B) Fruit C) Seed D) Bark
Ans: D
11. G-41 is variety of which spice -
A) Coriandar B) Black pepper C) Garlic D) Clove
Ans: C
12. Dill is a type of spices -
A) Herbaceous B) Shrub annual C) Tree perennial D) Herbaceous tree
Ans: A
13. Hottest pepper in the world is -
A) Kashmiri mirch B) Jwala Chillies C) Bhut Jolokia D) Hindpur Chillies
Ans: C
14. Yellow vein mosaie virus [YVMV] disease of okra is transmitted by -
A) Aphid B) White fly C) Mite D) Leaf hopper
Ans: B
15. Neelum (NA-7) variety of aonla is selected from open pollinated strain of -
A) Banarasi B) Chakaiya C) Francis D) BSR-1
Ans: C
16. Wooly aphid is a serious pest in -
A) Apple B) Walnut C) Sapota D) Coconut
Ans: A
17. Arka Amulya is a cultivar of guava developed through cross between -
A) Apple Colour x Allahabad Safeda
B) Seedless x Allahabad Safeda
C) Allahabad Safeda x Apple Colour
D) Allahabad Safeda x Seedless
Ans: B
18. Bitter pit in apple is caused due to deficiency of -
A) Calcium B) Boron C) Magnesium D) Molybdenum
Ans: A
19. Pusa Navrang is a hybrid variety of -
A) Fig B) Grapes C) Guava D) Mango
Ans: B
20. "Flattening of branches' is a physiological disorder of -
A) Jack fruit B) Aonla C) Apple D) Sapota
Ans: D
21. Which of the following is not a variety of fenugreek -
A) Hisar Sonali B) Hisar Swarup C) Hisar Suvarna D) Hisar Madhavi
Ans: B
22. Flower cluster of tomato is known as -
A) Umbel B) Hip C) Spadix D) Truss
Ans: D
23. Delayed harvesting in radish may cause -
A) Forking B) Pithiness
C) Deformed roots D) High pungency
Ans: B
24. Which of the following is a serious weed in cumin crop -
A) Chenopodium murale B) Oynodon dactylon C) Convolvulus arvensis D) Plantago pumila
Ans: D
25. The parentage of Pusa Rasraj variety of Muskmelon is -
A) M3 X Durgapura Madhu B) M3 X Durgapura Meetha
C) Durgapura Madhu X M3 D) Durgapura Meetha X M3
Ans: A
26. Which of the following variety of okra is developed through mutation breeding -
A) Azad Kranti B) Punjab Padmini C) Pusa A-4 D) Punjab -8
Ans: D
27. The important quality parameters for export of delydrated onion are -
A) Red colour of bulbs with high pungency B) White colour of bulbs with high pungency
C) Red colour of bulbs with low pungency D) White colour of bulbs with low pungency
Ans: D
28. Which part of clove plant is used as a spice -
A) Whole flower B) Stigma C) Peduncle D) Unopen flower bud
Ans: D
29. Quality of pods in pea reduced by conversion of sugar into hemicellulose and starch is due to -
A) High temperature B) High humidily
C) High nitrogen content in soil D) Deficiency of boron
Ans: A
30. Which one of the following is not correctly matched -
A) Tomato - Solanin B) Bittergourd - Momordicin C) Chilli - Capasaicin D) Garlic - Allicin
Ans: A
31. Which of the following seed spice is known as 'Bishops weed' -
A) Dill B) Celery C) Anise D) Ajowain
Ans: D
32. Which of the following shrubs produces fragrant flowers -
A) Tecoma stains B) Calliandra hybrida C) Murraya exotica D) Caesalpinia pulcharima
Ans: C
33. Dahlia is propogated by -
A) Corm B) Bulb C) Tuber D) Rhizome
Ans: C
34. Calyx splitting is a disorder of -
A) Gerbera B) Gladiolus C) Rose D) Carnation
Ans: D
35. Which of the following species of jasmine is refers to 'Spanish Jasmine' -
A) Jasminum auriculatum B) Jasminum sambac C) Jasminum humile D) Jasminum grandiflorum
Ans: D
36. Pinching is important operation in -
A) Gladiolus B) Tuberose C) Gerbera D) Carnation
Ans: D
37. Which of the following pair is not correctly matched -
A) Clerodendron splendens - climber B) Putranjiva roxburghi - Tree
C) Passiflora incarnata - Shrub D) Livistinia chinensis - Palm
Ans: C
38. Which of the following fruit have low pectin and acid content -
A) Sour apple B) Sour guava C) jamun D) Strawberry
Ans: D
39. Fruit squash must have minimum fruit juice pulp percentage of -
A) 20% B) 25% C) 30% D) 40%
Ans: B
40. Penetrometer is an instrument used to measure _____ of fruits -
A) Total soluble solids B) Suagr: acid ratio C) Acidity D) Firmness
Ans: D
41. The flower colour of 'kasuri methi' is -
A) Yellow B) Blue C) White D) Red
Ans: A
42. "Mahima' is a variety of which spice crop -
A) Ginger B) Turmeric C) Coriander D) Fennel
Ans: A
43. Which of the following vareity of pomegranate have maximum fruit cracking -
A) Jodhpur Red B) Dholka C) Ganesh D) Bessein seedless
Ans: A
44. Commercial method for propagation of gladiolus is -
A) Bulb B) Seed C) Corm D) Tuber
Ans: C
45. Litchi is commercially propagated by -
A) T budding B) cutting C) Inarching D) Air layering
Ans: D
46. The fat percentage in coconut is -
A) 20.1 B) 30.1 C) 40.1 D) 50.1
Ans: C
47. "Sindur' vareity of chilli has bean developed through which breeding methods -
A) Pure line selection B) Hybridization C) Introduction D) Pedigree selection
Ans: A
48. Which of the following is most susceptible to chilling injury during storage at 4 deg C
A) Pear B) Grapes C) Cucumber D) Strawberry
Ans: C
49. The most economical and commercial method for propagation of acid lime is -
A) Grafting B) Budding C) Seeds D) Cuttings
Ans: C
50. Botanical name of 'pilu ' is -
A) Nephelium lappaceum B) Diospyros kaki C) Salvadora oleoides D) Averrhoa bilimbi
Ans: C
51. The variety of mango considered seedless-
A) Himsagar B) Neelum C) Rosica D) Sindhu
Ans: D
52. The final jam should contain invert sugar -
A) 0 to 10% B) 15 to 29% C) 30 to 49% D) 50 to 70%
Ans: C
53. Which is a non-climacteric type of fruit -
A) Kiwi fruit B) Avocado C) Grape D) Apple
Ans: C
54. 'Soft nose' is a physiological disorder of -
A) Guava B) Mango C) Papaya D) Apple
Ans: B
55. Which of the following fruits contain highest ascorbic acid content after aonla -
A) Lime B) Orange C) Guava D) Ber
Ans: C
56. Disappearance of angularity of fingers is a maturity index of -
A) Mango B) Grapes C) Pomegranate D) Banana
Ans: D
57. Flat sour' spoilage in canned food is caused by -
A) Bacillus steriothermophillus
B) Clostridium nigrificans
C) Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum
D) E.coli
Ans: A
58. Which of the following is used as ethylene scavenger in fruit packaging -
A) Potassium metabisulphite B) potassium permanganate C) Sodium chloride D) Sodium hydroxide
Ans: B
59. In India,"Food Safety and Standards Act" came in to force in the year -
A) 1998 B) 2001 C) 2003 D) 2006
Ans: D
60. The precursor for ethylene synthesis in higher plants is -
A) Tryptophan B) Methionine C) Glutamine D) Histidine
Ans: B
61. An anti-ethylene compound used in vase solution to increase the vase life of cut flowers is -
A) Silver thio sulfate B) Sucrose C) Citric acid D) Nickel chloride
Ans: A
62. The chemical preservative used for preserving 'Phalsa' squash would be -
A) Sodium benzoate
B) Potassium metabisulphite
C) Potassium permengnate
D) Sodium alginate
Ans: A
63. The formation of black colour compound in tomato ketchup is due to reaction between -
A) Tannins and iron B) Lycopene and acid C) Acetic acid and sugar D) Salt and sugar
Ans: A
64. The chemical commercially used to prevent sprouting in potato during storage is -
A) Calcium Chloride B) Calcium Carbide C) CEPA D) CIPC
Ans: D
65. "Pusa Kesar' is a variety of -
A) Radish B) Carrot C) Turmeric D) Saffron
Ans: B
66. Birbal Sahni is a variety of -
A) Chrysanthemum B) Rose C) Marigold D) Tuberose
Ans: A
67. Bonnneville' is a popular variety of -
A) Pea B) French bean C) Lettuce D) Turnip
Ans: A
68. Which of the following is not an"Mughal Style" garden -
A) Pinjore garden, Chandigarh B) Nishat garden, Srinagar
C) Rashtrapati Bhawan Garden, New Delhi D) Buddha Jayanti Garden, New Delhi
Ans: D
69. Water basins,bridges,pergolas,stone lanterns, islands etc. are features of -
A) Mugal gardens B) Japanese garden C) English gardens D) Italian gardens
Ans: B
70. Which of the following crop shows protandry -
A) Carrot B) Tomato C) Chilli D) Brinjal
Ans: A
71. Based on fruit morphology 'fig' is an example of -
A) Hesperidium B) Syconium C) Berry D) Drupe
Ans: B
72. Fruit necrosis in aonla is associated with the deficiency of -
A) Zinc B) Boron C) Copper D) Manganese
Ans: B
73. "Arka Bindu' is a popular variety of -
A) Pomegranate B) Rose C) Grape D) Onion
Ans: D
74. Which of the following is also called as 'Blanket flower' -
A) Gaillardia B) Dahlia C) Tuberose D) Carnation
Ans: A
75. Minimum isolation distance of onion for foundation seed production is -
A) 1500 m B) 2000 m C) 1000 m D) 1200 m
Ans: C
76. Lucknow -49 is a guava variety developed by selection from the seedling of -
A) Chittidar B) Allahabad Safeda C) Apple Colour D) Allahabad Surkha
Ans: B
77. Which one of the following is recognized as 1st hybrid Tea rose variety in the world -
A) La France B) Peace C) Elina D) Mister Lincon
Ans: A
78. Which one of the following tree bears blue flowers -
A) Ixora parviflora B) Michelia champaca C) Cassia fistula D) Jacaranda acutifoia
Ans: D
79. Which of the following follower is most suited for drying purpose -
A) Aster B) Helichrysum C) Dahlia D) Nasturtium
Ans: B
80. The most serious insect pest of carnation is -
A) Red spider mite B) Aphids C) Thrips D) Moths
Ans: A
81. The optimum planting distance for Nagpur mandarin plants budded on rough lemon is -
A) 4x4 m B) 6x6 m C) 8x8 m D) 12x12 m
Ans: B
82. Stem gall disease in coriander is caused by -
A) Erysiphe polygoni B) Protomyces macrosporus C) Fusarium oxysporum D) Cercospora apii
Ans: B
83. Which one of the following types of fig has functional staminate flowers -
A) Edible fig B) Caprifig C) San pedro fig D) Smyrna fig
Ans: B
84. Which of the following is leading producer of onion in india -
A) Gujarat B) Punjab C) Andhara Pradesh D) Maharashtra
Ans: D
85. Viral disease 'katte' is main problem in -
A) Cardamom B) Cinnamon C) Black pepper D) Cumin
Ans: A
86. Anthesis in bottles gourd occurs in -
A) Morning B) Evening C) Midnight D) Afternoon
Ans: B
87. Xanthomonas citri causes which disease in acid lime -
A) Anthracnose B) Canker C) Pink disease D) Scab
Ans: B
88. The guava root stock Psidium friedrichsthalianum is considerd to be -
A) Dwarf B) Fruit fly resistant C) Wilt resistant D) Drought tolerant
Ans: C
89. Which of the following is late variety of ber -
A) Gola B) Mundia C) Chonchal D) Umran
Ans: D
90. 'Freedom II ' is a virus resistant transgenic variety of -
A) Potato B) Squash C) Tomato D) Brinjal
Ans: B
91. Guava variety 'Kohir Safed' is a cross between -
A) Kohir x Allahabad Safeda B) Allahabad Safeda x Kohir C) Red Fleshed x Kohir D) L-49 x Kohir
Ans: A
92. Fruit setting in brinjal is usually in the flowers having -
A) Long style B) Medium style C) Short style D) Long and medium style
Ans: D
93. Most common and problematic weed of lawn is -
A) Cyprus rotundus B) Joycia japonica C) Parthenium D) Oxalis spp.
Ans: A
94. Ideal trap crop for tomato fruit borer is -
A) Marigold B) Mustard C) Tobacco D) Potato
Ans: A
95. Which of the following fungus is used for biological control of diseases in vegetable crops -
A) Albugo B) Peronospora C) Ustilago D) Trichoderma
Ans: D
96. In budding and grafting, the union between stock and scion takes place through -
A) Phloem B) Xylem C) Cambium D) Cortex
Ans: C
97. Under north Indian plains, the commercially used root stock for rose is -
A) Rosa damscena B) Rosa multiflora C) Rosa borboniana D) Rosa foetida
Ans: C
98. "Solo' and 'Taiwan' are exotic varieties of -
A) Papaya B) Pineapple C) Sapota D) Mangosteen
Ans: A
A) Himsagar B) Neelum C) Rosica D) Sindhu
Ans: D
52. The final jam should contain invert sugar -
A) 0 to 10% B) 15 to 29% C) 30 to 49% D) 50 to 70%
Ans: C
53. Which is a non-climacteric type of fruit -
A) Kiwi fruit B) Avocado C) Grape D) Apple
Ans: C
54. 'Soft nose' is a physiological disorder of -
A) Guava B) Mango C) Papaya D) Apple
Ans: B
55. Which of the following fruits contain highest ascorbic acid content after aonla -
A) Lime B) Orange C) Guava D) Ber
Ans: C
56. Disappearance of angularity of fingers is a maturity index of -
A) Mango B) Grapes C) Pomegranate D) Banana
Ans: D
57. Flat sour' spoilage in canned food is caused by -
A) Bacillus steriothermophillus
B) Clostridium nigrificans
C) Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum
D) E.coli
Ans: A
58. Which of the following is used as ethylene scavenger in fruit packaging -
A) Potassium metabisulphite B) potassium permanganate C) Sodium chloride D) Sodium hydroxide
Ans: B
59. In India,"Food Safety and Standards Act" came in to force in the year -
A) 1998 B) 2001 C) 2003 D) 2006
Ans: D
60. The precursor for ethylene synthesis in higher plants is -
A) Tryptophan B) Methionine C) Glutamine D) Histidine
Ans: B
61. An anti-ethylene compound used in vase solution to increase the vase life of cut flowers is -
A) Silver thio sulfate B) Sucrose C) Citric acid D) Nickel chloride
Ans: A
62. The chemical preservative used for preserving 'Phalsa' squash would be -
A) Sodium benzoate
B) Potassium metabisulphite
C) Potassium permengnate
D) Sodium alginate
Ans: A
63. The formation of black colour compound in tomato ketchup is due to reaction between -
A) Tannins and iron B) Lycopene and acid C) Acetic acid and sugar D) Salt and sugar
Ans: A
64. The chemical commercially used to prevent sprouting in potato during storage is -
A) Calcium Chloride B) Calcium Carbide C) CEPA D) CIPC
Ans: D
65. "Pusa Kesar' is a variety of -
A) Radish B) Carrot C) Turmeric D) Saffron
Ans: B
66. Birbal Sahni is a variety of -
A) Chrysanthemum B) Rose C) Marigold D) Tuberose
Ans: A
67. Bonnneville' is a popular variety of -
A) Pea B) French bean C) Lettuce D) Turnip
Ans: A
68. Which of the following is not an"Mughal Style" garden -
A) Pinjore garden, Chandigarh B) Nishat garden, Srinagar
C) Rashtrapati Bhawan Garden, New Delhi D) Buddha Jayanti Garden, New Delhi
Ans: D
69. Water basins,bridges,pergolas,stone lanterns, islands etc. are features of -
A) Mugal gardens B) Japanese garden C) English gardens D) Italian gardens
Ans: B
70. Which of the following crop shows protandry -
A) Carrot B) Tomato C) Chilli D) Brinjal
Ans: A
71. Based on fruit morphology 'fig' is an example of -
A) Hesperidium B) Syconium C) Berry D) Drupe
Ans: B
72. Fruit necrosis in aonla is associated with the deficiency of -
A) Zinc B) Boron C) Copper D) Manganese
Ans: B
73. "Arka Bindu' is a popular variety of -
A) Pomegranate B) Rose C) Grape D) Onion
Ans: D
74. Which of the following is also called as 'Blanket flower' -
A) Gaillardia B) Dahlia C) Tuberose D) Carnation
Ans: A
75. Minimum isolation distance of onion for foundation seed production is -
A) 1500 m B) 2000 m C) 1000 m D) 1200 m
Ans: C
76. Lucknow -49 is a guava variety developed by selection from the seedling of -
A) Chittidar B) Allahabad Safeda C) Apple Colour D) Allahabad Surkha
Ans: B
77. Which one of the following is recognized as 1st hybrid Tea rose variety in the world -
A) La France B) Peace C) Elina D) Mister Lincon
Ans: A
78. Which one of the following tree bears blue flowers -
A) Ixora parviflora B) Michelia champaca C) Cassia fistula D) Jacaranda acutifoia
Ans: D
79. Which of the following follower is most suited for drying purpose -
A) Aster B) Helichrysum C) Dahlia D) Nasturtium
Ans: B
80. The most serious insect pest of carnation is -
A) Red spider mite B) Aphids C) Thrips D) Moths
Ans: A
81. The optimum planting distance for Nagpur mandarin plants budded on rough lemon is -
A) 4x4 m B) 6x6 m C) 8x8 m D) 12x12 m
Ans: B
82. Stem gall disease in coriander is caused by -
A) Erysiphe polygoni B) Protomyces macrosporus C) Fusarium oxysporum D) Cercospora apii
Ans: B
83. Which one of the following types of fig has functional staminate flowers -
A) Edible fig B) Caprifig C) San pedro fig D) Smyrna fig
Ans: B
84. Which of the following is leading producer of onion in india -
A) Gujarat B) Punjab C) Andhara Pradesh D) Maharashtra
Ans: D
85. Viral disease 'katte' is main problem in -
A) Cardamom B) Cinnamon C) Black pepper D) Cumin
Ans: A
86. Anthesis in bottles gourd occurs in -
A) Morning B) Evening C) Midnight D) Afternoon
Ans: B
87. Xanthomonas citri causes which disease in acid lime -
A) Anthracnose B) Canker C) Pink disease D) Scab
Ans: B
88. The guava root stock Psidium friedrichsthalianum is considerd to be -
A) Dwarf B) Fruit fly resistant C) Wilt resistant D) Drought tolerant
Ans: C
89. Which of the following is late variety of ber -
A) Gola B) Mundia C) Chonchal D) Umran
Ans: D
90. 'Freedom II ' is a virus resistant transgenic variety of -
A) Potato B) Squash C) Tomato D) Brinjal
Ans: B
91. Guava variety 'Kohir Safed' is a cross between -
A) Kohir x Allahabad Safeda B) Allahabad Safeda x Kohir C) Red Fleshed x Kohir D) L-49 x Kohir
Ans: A
92. Fruit setting in brinjal is usually in the flowers having -
A) Long style B) Medium style C) Short style D) Long and medium style
Ans: D
93. Most common and problematic weed of lawn is -
A) Cyprus rotundus B) Joycia japonica C) Parthenium D) Oxalis spp.
Ans: A
94. Ideal trap crop for tomato fruit borer is -
A) Marigold B) Mustard C) Tobacco D) Potato
Ans: A
95. Which of the following fungus is used for biological control of diseases in vegetable crops -
A) Albugo B) Peronospora C) Ustilago D) Trichoderma
Ans: D
96. In budding and grafting, the union between stock and scion takes place through -
A) Phloem B) Xylem C) Cambium D) Cortex
Ans: C
97. Under north Indian plains, the commercially used root stock for rose is -
A) Rosa damscena B) Rosa multiflora C) Rosa borboniana D) Rosa foetida
Ans: C
98. "Solo' and 'Taiwan' are exotic varieties of -
A) Papaya B) Pineapple C) Sapota D) Mangosteen
Ans: A