GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF INDIA

UPSC STUDYMATERIALS

GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF INDIA

What are the two eyes of History? chronology and geography
What are the factors that determine the historical processes? Time and Space
Name the five countries in the Indian subcontinent. – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan.
How many states and Union territories are there in India? 28 states and 6 Union territories
Name the three major regions of Indian sub-continent: the Himalayan Mountains, the Indo-Gangetic Plains and the Southern Peninsula
What is the length of Himalayan Mountains? About 2560 km
What is the breadth of Himalayan Mountains? From 240 to 320 km
Which is the highest peak in Himalayan Mountains? Everest (height:8848 m)
Give the name of few passes situated in the Hindukush, Sulaiman and Kirthar ranges? Khyber, Bolan, Kurram and Gomal
Alexander of Macedon came to India through which way? Swat Valley.
Where is Karakoram range situated? North of Kashmir
Which is the second highest peak in the world? Mount Godwin Austen
Which highway is connected to Central Asia via Gilgit? The Karakoram highway
Name a small valley under the foot of Himalayas: Nepal
Pat Koi, Nagai and Lushai mountain ranges are found in _________. Assam
Name important rivers in Indo-Gangetic plain: Ganges, Indus and Brahmaputra
What is the reason behind the fertility of Indo-Gangetic plain? Alluvial soil
Name the tributaries of the Indus river. Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas
What is the meaning of the word Punjab? Land of five rivers
Where is Sind located? Lower valley of the Indus
The Thar Desert and Aravalli hills are situated in between _______and _________. Indus and Gangetic Plains
Which is the highest point in Aravalli hills? Mount Abu (Ht. 5650 feet)
What is the area between Ganges and Yamuna river called? Doab (Meaning: land between two rivers)
Gomati, Sarayu, Ghagra and Gandak are the tributaries of which major river? The Ganges river
Which city is located at the confluence of Son river and Ganges river? Pataliputra
Name the capital city of Mauryas, Sungas, Guptas in the ancient period. Pataliputra
Name the city in the western side of the Gangetic plain. Delhi
Which mountains are located in the middle of north and South India? Vindhya and Satpura mountains
Which rivers are located in the middle of north and South India? Narmada and Tapti rivers
Name the plateau located in the south of the Vindhya Mountains. Deccan plateau
Where are the rock-cut monasteries and temples are found in India? Deccan
Deccan plateau is flanked by ________ and ___________. Eastern and Western Ghats
___________stands between Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. The Coramandal Coast
The western Ghats run along which ocean? Arabian Sea
What is the area between Arabian sea and Western Ghats called? Konkan and Kanara
What are the name of the passes in the western Ghats? Junnar, Kanheri and Karle.
Name the passage across the Ghats from the Kaveri valley to the Malabar Coast. Palghat Pass
Which is the trade route for the IndoRoman in the ancient times? Palghat Pass
Which is the highest peak in the southern peninsula? Anaimudi
Name few port cities on the Coramandal coast. Arikkamedu, Mamallapuram and Kaveripattanam
Name two rivers that flow from east to west: Narmadha and Tapti
The rivers Godavari, Krishna, Tungabhadra and Kaveri flow from ______ to _______ Answer: West to east
Where is the word Hind derived from? Sanskrit word Sindhu
Which language acted as lingua franca of India in third century B.C? Prakrit
In which language was the great epics Ramayana and Mahabharta were originally composed? Sanskrit
The river Ganges rises in ……. (Himalayas)

HISTORY NOTES

…… was the Bengali Weekly started by Raj Rammohan Roy Samvad Kaumudi
Swami Dayanadha Saraswathi was the author of …… Satyartha Prakash
The Satya Shodak Samaj was founded by …… Jothiba Govindapule
The first session of the Indian National Congress was held at …… Bombay
……… was the first Indian to become a member of the British House ofCommons Dadhabai Naoroji
The “Surat Split” in the Indian National Congress took place in the year …1907
Mrs Annie Besant established the Home Rule League at … Chennai
Barathamatha Association was started by …… Neelakanta Brammachari
The Rowlat Act was passed in the year … 1919
The Poorna Swaraj Resolution was passed at … Lahore
Emperor Bahadhur Shah was arrested and deported to Rangoon
The Vellore Mutiny of 1806 is considered as the precursor of the 1857 Revolt.
The British Prime Minister Disraeli appointed Lord Lytton as the Viceroy of India The Vernacular Press Act crushed the freedom of the Indian Press
The motto of Swami Dayanand Saraswathi was ‘Back to the Vedas’
Saint Ramalinga composed Thiru Arutpa
WC Banerjee was the first President of the Indian National Congress
The administration of Lord Lytton contributed to the growth of nationalism in India
The immediate cause for the rise of extremism was the reactionary rule of Lord Curzon The extremists were the first to demand Swaraj as a matter of birth right
The chief cause of the Khilafat Movement was the defeat of Turkey in the First World War The Bharathamatha Association was a revolutionary organization in TamilNadu
The Vaikom Satyagraha was launched by Periyar EVR
The Justice Party remained in power for a period of thirteen years
Justice Party introduced Free and compulsory education
The Act of 1858 made the Governor-General of India as the Viceroy of India.
The Act of 1919 appointed a High Commissioner for India at London.
The States Reorganization Commission was appointed under the chairmanship of Fazal Ali Dr Manmohan Singh served as Finance Minister under PV Narasimha Rao
The Dual System was introduced by …… Robert Clive
Haider Ali died in the year ……1782
Lord Cornwallis prepared the law code with the help of his colleague ……George Barlow
The fourth Anglo-Mysore war took place in the year …… 1799
The Subsidiary treaty signed by Scindia with the British is known as …… Surji –Arjungaon
In 1768 ……. emerged as a powerful Gurkha state. Nepal
The third Battle of Panipat took place in the year ….. 1761
The Vellore Mutiny broke out in the year …… 1806
In the military department Lord William Bentinck abolished the system of ……Double Batta
The first railway line between Bombay and Thane was opened in the year…..1853
The foundation of modern postal system was laid down by…… Lord Dalhousie
The basic unit of revenue settlement under the Mahalwari system was ……Village
The Sarada Act raised the minimum marriageable age for girls to …… years fourteen
The Bahiskrit Hitkarini Sabha was formed by … Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar
The Macaulay’s Minute was announced in the year …… 1835
Virpandiya Kattabomman was the son of … Jagavira Pandya
Kattabomman was hanged to death at … Kayathar
The expedition to Panchalamkurichi was commanded by …… Major Bannerman
The Commander-in-Chief of the Vellore Fort was …… Sir John Cradock
…… who was outside the fort dashed to Ranipet to seek Help Major Cootes
The sepoy who refused to use the greased cartridge at Barrackpore was ……Mangal Pandey
The Queen’s Proclamation was read by Lord Canning at ……… Alahabad
… was a great imperialist and called himself ‘a Bengal tiger’ Wellesley
The first Famine Commission was appointed under the chairmanship of ……Sir Richard Strachey
The Indian Universities Act was passed in the year …… 1904
Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian navigator, with the support of the king of Spain explored the areas of South America The Anglican Church became really Protestant in the reign of Edward
The victory at Saratoga marked a turning point in American War of Independence Marie Antoinette was the wife and queen of Louis XVI
The idea of Separation of Powers was proposed by Montesquieu
The Universal Postal Union was adopted in 1875 to aid international mail service.
The Triple Alliance was concluded between Germany, Italy and Austria Hungary
The immediate cause of the First World War was the assassination of Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand
William II was the emperor of Germany during the First World War
Russian withdrew from the First World War in the middle
The trusted associate of Lenin was Leon Trotsky
The mandate system was set up by the League of Nations
The League of Nations was replaced by the United Nations Organization
The aggressive foreign policy of Hitler led to the Second World War
Hitler was the author of Mein Kamph
General Franco was the dictator of Spain
The Battle of Stalingrad was fought between Germany and the Soviet Union
China was controlled by queen Tzu hsi from 1860 to 1908
Japan was the only country which was not colonized by the Europeans in Asia
Japan imposed 21 demands on China during the First World War
The Charter of the UNO was signed by 51 countries at San Francisco in 1945
In 1991 Indian government introduced a series of reforms to liberalize and globalize the Indian economy
During the Cuban Missile Crisis 7th nuclear fleet was sent by USA
The Third Session of the Indian National Congress was held in Madras
Madras Dravidian Association was started in November 1912.
Proclamation of Queen Victoria was announced by Lord Canning at Allahabad
The President is the constitutional head of the state
The first book published by John Gutenberg was The Bible
Ferdinand Magellan while crossing the clam part of the ocean named it the
Pacific Ocean
The followers of Ignatius Loyola contributed for the spread of education
The Quartering Act made it compulsory that the colonists should provide food
and shelter to the English troops
Bakewell introduced scientific breeding of farm animals
The Jacobians suspended the constitution and created the committee of public safety
When Italy joined Dual Alliance it became Triple Alliance
The Menshevik government was led by Kerensky
The USA did not join the League of Nations
Mussolini was influenced by the socialist ideology
In December 1941, Japan attacked the Pearl Harbour.
Japan was modernized after Meiji Restoration
International Court of Justice has 15 Judges
On 4th April 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty was signed
The Permanent Settlement took away the judicial functions of zamindars
He instituted a number of political reforms under the name “Glasnost”
The Communal Award was announced by the British Prime Minister …… Ramse MAC Donald
The Madras Native Association was started in …… 1852
The Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company was launched by…… VOC
The Hindu Religious Act was passed in the year …. 1921
The Government of India Act of was passed during the Viceroyalty of …… Chelmsford
The Government of India Act of introduced …… in the provinces Autonomy
The first Indian law member to the Governor General’s Council was … SP Sinha
The Iron Man of India was … Sardar Vallabai Patel
Andhra State was created in the year … 1953
… was considered as the architect of modern India Jawaharlal Nehru
The New Education Policy was introduced by … Rajiv Gandhi
With the aim of achieving self sufficiency in food production … was launched Green Revolution
The Bhaba Atomic Research Centre is situated at …… Trombay
The nation Bangladesh emerged in …… 1971
Boccaccio was the disciple of …… Petrarch
The Prince, a book on political science was written by …… Machiavelli
Telescope was invented by …… Galileo
Vascodagama reached India in …1498
Canada was discovered by …… Jacus Cartier
The Society of Jesus was founded by …… Ignatius Loyola
The founder of the University of Geneva was …… John Calvin
The First Continental Congress in 1774 was held at ….. Philadelphia
The Seven Years War came to an end in … 1763
The American War of Independence came to an end by the treaty of … Parris
…… was the author of the book “Social Contract” Rousseau
In the States General, the first Estate was represented by …… Nobles
Alexander Graham Bell invented …… Telephone
The electric bulb was invented by …… Edison
The Three Emperors League was formed by … Bismark
The Congress of Berlin was convened in the year …1878
The Russian Socialist Democratic Party was formed by …… George Plekhanov
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic came into existence in the year … 1922
The League of Nations was established in the year … 1920
Fascism was the principle of …… Benito Mussolini
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis was signed in the year …1937
The USA dropped the first atom bomb on Hiroshima on …… 1945 August 6
The Supreme Commander of the Pacific region was … General Mac Arther
The Kuomintang Party was founded by …… Dr Sun Yatsen
The San Francisco Peace Treaty was signed in the year … 1951 September
The United Nations was founded on …… 1945 October 24
The judicial organ of the United Nations is … International Court of Justice
The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty was signed in the year …… 1972
The New York Twin Towers of the World Trade Center was attacked by the terrorists in the year … 2001 September 11
The headquarters of the WTO is located in …… Geneva
Rohilla War took place during the administration of Warren Hastings
The Third Anglo-Mysore War took place after the death of Haider Ali
Peshwa Baji Rao II signed the Treaty of Bassein with the British in 1802.
Lord Hastings was the patron of the Hindu College at Calcutta
The Charter Act of 1833 made Lord William Bentinck the first Governor General of India
The doctrine of lapse was withdrawn after the Mutiny of 1857.
Orientalists advocated the promotion of oriental subjects through Indian
languages
Yusuf Khan was also known as Khan Sahib
New army regulations were mainly responsible for the Vellore Mutiny
Bahadhur Shah II was proclaimed as the emperor of India during the revolt of 1857.
Lord Ripon earned popularity among the Indians by repealing the Vernacular Press Act
The Prarthana Samaj was founded in 1867 in Bombay
The Revolt of 1857 created a kind of permanent bitterness and suspicion between the British and the Indians.
The extremists had no faith in the British sense of justice
According to the Rowlat Act, any person could be arrested on the basis of suspicion
The English East India Company was established on 31 December 1600
The Treaty of Mangalore exposed the weakness of the English
Baji Rao signed the Treaty of Bassein in 1802
After the fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Tipu’s family was sent to the Fort of Vellore
After the Gurkha war, the Gurkhas had agreed to keep a British Resident at Kathmandu Triambakji was the Chief Minister of Baji Rao II
Lord William Bentinck laid the foundation for the Calcutta Medical College
The first railway line connecting Bombay with Thane was opened in 1853
Warren Hastings introduced the annual leasing system of auctioning the lands
The Anglicists argued for the cause of western sciences and literature in the medium of English language
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagara favoured the widow remarriage
The Palayakkarar system had evolved with the extension of Vijayanagar rule into Tamil Nadu
The Palayakkarar of Sivagiri was a tributary to the Company
Mustapha Beg Indian sepoy forewarned about the Vellore Mutiny

GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF INDIA

HISTORY NOTES

UPSC Study Materials​MCQs for Competitive Examinations

UPSC Study Materials
MCQs for Competitive Examinations