GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF INDIA
- What are the two eyes of History? chronology and geography
- What are the factors that determine the historical processes? Time and Space
- Name the five countries in the Indian subcontinent. – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan.
- How many states and Union territories are there in India? 28 states and 6 Union territories
- Name the three major regions of Indian sub-continent: the Himalayan Mountains, the Indo-Gangetic Plains and the Southern Peninsula
- What is the length of Himalayan Mountains? About 2560 km
- What is the breadth of Himalayan Mountains? From 240 to 320 km
- Which is the highest peak in Himalayan Mountains? Everest (height:8848 m)
- Give the name of few passes situated in the Hindukush, Sulaiman and Kirthar ranges? Khyber, Bolan, Kurram and Gomal
- Alexander of Macedon came to India through which way? Swat Valley.
- Where is Karakoram range situated? North of Kashmir
- Which is the second highest peak in the world? Mount Godwin Austen
- Which highway is connected to Central Asia via Gilgit? The Karakoram highway
- Name a small valley under the foot of Himalayas: Nepal
- Pat Koi, Nagai and Lushai mountain ranges are found in _________. Assam
- Name important rivers in Indo-Gangetic plain: Ganges, Indus and Brahmaputra
- What is the reason behind the fertility of Indo-Gangetic plain? Alluvial soil
- Name the tributaries of the Indus river. Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas
- What is the meaning of the word Punjab? Land of five rivers
- Where is Sind located? Lower valley of the Indus
- The Thar Desert and Aravalli hills are situated in between _______and _________. Indus and Gangetic Plains
- Which is the highest point in Aravalli hills? Mount Abu (Ht. 5650 feet)
- What is the area between Ganges and Yamuna river called? Doab (Meaning: land between two rivers)
- Gomati, Sarayu, Ghagra and Gandak are the tributaries of which major river? The Ganges river
- Which city is located at the confluence of Son river and Ganges river? Pataliputra
- Name the capital city of Mauryas, Sungas, Guptas in the ancient period. Pataliputra
- Name the city in the western side of the Gangetic plain. Delhi
- Which mountains are located in the middle of north and South India? Vindhya and Satpura mountains
- Which rivers are located in the middle of north and South India? Narmada and Tapti rivers
- Name the plateau located in the south of the Vindhya Mountains. Deccan plateau
- Where are the rock-cut monasteries and temples are found in India? Deccan
- Deccan plateau is flanked by ________ and ___________. Eastern and Western Ghats
- ___________stands between Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. The Coramandal Coast
- The western Ghats run along which ocean? Arabian Sea
- What is the area between Arabian sea and Western Ghats called? Konkan and Kanara
- What are the name of the passes in the western Ghats? Junnar, Kanheri and Karle.
- Name the passage across the Ghats from the Kaveri valley to the Malabar Coast. Palghat Pass
- Which is the trade route for the IndoRoman in the ancient times? Palghat Pass
- Which is the highest peak in the southern peninsula? Anaimudi
- Name few port cities on the Coramandal coast. Arikkamedu, Mamallapuram and Kaveripattanam
- Name two rivers that flow from east to west: Narmadha and Tapti
- The rivers Godavari, Krishna, Tungabhadra and Kaveri flow from ______ to _______ Answer: West to east
- Where is the word Hind derived from? Sanskrit word Sindhu
- Which language acted as lingua franca of India in third century B.C? Prakrit
- In which language was the great epics Ramayana and Mahabharta were originally composed? Sanskrit
- The river Ganges rises in ……. (Himalayas)
HISTORY NOTES
- …… was the Bengali Weekly started by Raj Rammohan Roy Samvad Kaumudi
- Swami Dayanadha Saraswathi was the author of …… Satyartha Prakash
- The Satya Shodak Samaj was founded by …… Jothiba Govindapule
- The first session of the Indian National Congress was held at …… Bombay
- ……… was the first Indian to become a member of the British House ofCommons Dadhabai Naoroji
- The “Surat Split” in the Indian National Congress took place in the year …1907
- Mrs Annie Besant established the Home Rule League at … Chennai
- Barathamatha Association was started by …… Neelakanta Brammachari
- The Rowlat Act was passed in the year … 1919
- The Poorna Swaraj Resolution was passed at … Lahore
- Emperor Bahadhur Shah was arrested and deported to Rangoon
- The Vellore Mutiny of 1806 is considered as the precursor of the 1857 Revolt.
- The British Prime Minister Disraeli appointed Lord Lytton as the Viceroy of India The Vernacular Press Act crushed the freedom of the Indian Press
- The motto of Swami Dayanand Saraswathi was ‘Back to the Vedas’
- Saint Ramalinga composed Thiru Arutpa
- WC Banerjee was the first President of the Indian National Congress
- The administration of Lord Lytton contributed to the growth of nationalism in India
- The immediate cause for the rise of extremism was the reactionary rule of Lord Curzon The extremists were the first to demand Swaraj as a matter of birth right
- The chief cause of the Khilafat Movement was the defeat of Turkey in the First World War The Bharathamatha Association was a revolutionary organization in TamilNadu
- The Vaikom Satyagraha was launched by Periyar EVR
- The Justice Party remained in power for a period of thirteen years
- Justice Party introduced Free and compulsory education
- The Act of 1858 made the Governor-General of India as the Viceroy of India.
- The Act of 1919 appointed a High Commissioner for India at London.
- The States Reorganization Commission was appointed under the chairmanship of Fazal Ali Dr Manmohan Singh served as Finance Minister under PV Narasimha Rao
- The Dual System was introduced by …… Robert Clive
- Haider Ali died in the year ……1782
- Lord Cornwallis prepared the law code with the help of his colleague ……George Barlow
- The fourth Anglo-Mysore war took place in the year …… 1799
- The Subsidiary treaty signed by Scindia with the British is known as …… Surji –Arjungaon
- In 1768 ……. emerged as a powerful Gurkha state. Nepal
- The third Battle of Panipat took place in the year ….. 1761
- The Vellore Mutiny broke out in the year …… 1806
- In the military department Lord William Bentinck abolished the system of ……Double Batta
- The first railway line between Bombay and Thane was opened in the year…..1853
- The foundation of modern postal system was laid down by…… Lord Dalhousie
- The basic unit of revenue settlement under the Mahalwari system was ……Village
- The Sarada Act raised the minimum marriageable age for girls to …… years fourteen
- The Bahiskrit Hitkarini Sabha was formed by … Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar
- The Macaulay’s Minute was announced in the year …… 1835
- Virpandiya Kattabomman was the son of … Jagavira Pandya
- Kattabomman was hanged to death at … Kayathar
- The expedition to Panchalamkurichi was commanded by …… Major Bannerman
- The Commander-in-Chief of the Vellore Fort was …… Sir John Cradock
- …… who was outside the fort dashed to Ranipet to seek Help Major Cootes
- The sepoy who refused to use the greased cartridge at Barrackpore was ……Mangal Pandey
- The Queen’s Proclamation was read by Lord Canning at ……… Alahabad
- … was a great imperialist and called himself ‘a Bengal tiger’ Wellesley
- The first Famine Commission was appointed under the chairmanship of ……Sir Richard Strachey
- The Indian Universities Act was passed in the year …… 1904
- Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian navigator, with the support of the king of Spain explored the areas of South America The Anglican Church became really Protestant in the reign of Edward
- The victory at Saratoga marked a turning point in American War of Independence Marie Antoinette was the wife and queen of Louis XVI
- The idea of Separation of Powers was proposed by Montesquieu
- The Universal Postal Union was adopted in 1875 to aid international mail service.
- The Triple Alliance was concluded between Germany, Italy and Austria Hungary
- The immediate cause of the First World War was the assassination of Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand
- William II was the emperor of Germany during the First World War
- Russian withdrew from the First World War in the middle
- The trusted associate of Lenin was Leon Trotsky
- The mandate system was set up by the League of Nations
- The League of Nations was replaced by the United Nations Organization
- The aggressive foreign policy of Hitler led to the Second World War
- Hitler was the author of Mein Kamph
- General Franco was the dictator of Spain
- The Battle of Stalingrad was fought between Germany and the Soviet Union
- China was controlled by queen Tzu hsi from 1860 to 1908
- Japan was the only country which was not colonized by the Europeans in Asia
- Japan imposed 21 demands on China during the First World War
- The Charter of the UNO was signed by 51 countries at San Francisco in 1945
- In 1991 Indian government introduced a series of reforms to liberalize and globalize the Indian economy
- During the Cuban Missile Crisis 7th nuclear fleet was sent by USA
- The Third Session of the Indian National Congress was held in Madras
- Madras Dravidian Association was started in November 1912.
- Proclamation of Queen Victoria was announced by Lord Canning at Allahabad
- The President is the constitutional head of the state
- The first book published by John Gutenberg was The Bible
- Ferdinand Magellan while crossing the clam part of the ocean named it the
- Pacific Ocean
- The followers of Ignatius Loyola contributed for the spread of education
- The Quartering Act made it compulsory that the colonists should provide food
- and shelter to the English troops
- Bakewell introduced scientific breeding of farm animals
- The Jacobians suspended the constitution and created the committee of public safety
- When Italy joined Dual Alliance it became Triple Alliance
- The Menshevik government was led by Kerensky
- The USA did not join the League of Nations
- Mussolini was influenced by the socialist ideology
- In December 1941, Japan attacked the Pearl Harbour.
- Japan was modernized after Meiji Restoration
- International Court of Justice has 15 Judges
- On 4th April 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty was signed
- The Permanent Settlement took away the judicial functions of zamindars
- He instituted a number of political reforms under the name “Glasnost”
- The Communal Award was announced by the British Prime Minister …… Ramse MAC Donald
- The Madras Native Association was started in …… 1852
- The Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company was launched by…… VOC
- The Hindu Religious Act was passed in the year …. 1921
- The Government of India Act of was passed during the Viceroyalty of …… Chelmsford
- The Government of India Act of introduced …… in the provinces Autonomy
- The first Indian law member to the Governor General’s Council was … SP Sinha
- The Iron Man of India was … Sardar Vallabai Patel
- Andhra State was created in the year … 1953
- … was considered as the architect of modern India Jawaharlal Nehru
- The New Education Policy was introduced by … Rajiv Gandhi
- With the aim of achieving self sufficiency in food production … was launched Green Revolution
- The Bhaba Atomic Research Centre is situated at …… Trombay
- The nation Bangladesh emerged in …… 1971
- Boccaccio was the disciple of …… Petrarch
- The Prince, a book on political science was written by …… Machiavelli
- Telescope was invented by …… Galileo
- Vascodagama reached India in …1498
- Canada was discovered by …… Jacus Cartier
- The Society of Jesus was founded by …… Ignatius Loyola
- The founder of the University of Geneva was …… John Calvin
- The First Continental Congress in 1774 was held at ….. Philadelphia
- The Seven Years War came to an end in … 1763
- The American War of Independence came to an end by the treaty of … Parris
- …… was the author of the book “Social Contract” Rousseau
- In the States General, the first Estate was represented by …… Nobles
- Alexander Graham Bell invented …… Telephone
- The electric bulb was invented by …… Edison
- The Three Emperors League was formed by … Bismark
- The Congress of Berlin was convened in the year …1878
- The Russian Socialist Democratic Party was formed by …… George Plekhanov
- The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic came into existence in the year … 1922
- The League of Nations was established in the year … 1920
- Fascism was the principle of …… Benito Mussolini
- Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis was signed in the year …1937
- The USA dropped the first atom bomb on Hiroshima on …… 1945 August 6
- The Supreme Commander of the Pacific region was … General Mac Arther
- The Kuomintang Party was founded by …… Dr Sun Yatsen
- The San Francisco Peace Treaty was signed in the year … 1951 September
- The United Nations was founded on …… 1945 October 24
- The judicial organ of the United Nations is … International Court of Justice
- The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty was signed in the year …… 1972
- The New York Twin Towers of the World Trade Center was attacked by the terrorists in the year … 2001 September 11
- The headquarters of the WTO is located in …… Geneva
- Rohilla War took place during the administration of Warren Hastings
- The Third Anglo-Mysore War took place after the death of Haider Ali
- Peshwa Baji Rao II signed the Treaty of Bassein with the British in 1802.
- Lord Hastings was the patron of the Hindu College at Calcutta
- The Charter Act of 1833 made Lord William Bentinck the first Governor General of India
- The doctrine of lapse was withdrawn after the Mutiny of 1857.
- Orientalists advocated the promotion of oriental subjects through Indian
- languages
- Yusuf Khan was also known as Khan Sahib
- New army regulations were mainly responsible for the Vellore Mutiny
- Bahadhur Shah II was proclaimed as the emperor of India during the revolt of 1857.
- Lord Ripon earned popularity among the Indians by repealing the Vernacular Press Act
- The Prarthana Samaj was founded in 1867 in Bombay
- The Revolt of 1857 created a kind of permanent bitterness and suspicion between the British and the Indians.
- The extremists had no faith in the British sense of justice
- According to the Rowlat Act, any person could be arrested on the basis of suspicion
- The English East India Company was established on 31 December 1600
- The Treaty of Mangalore exposed the weakness of the English
- Baji Rao signed the Treaty of Bassein in 1802
- After the fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Tipu’s family was sent to the Fort of Vellore
- After the Gurkha war, the Gurkhas had agreed to keep a British Resident at Kathmandu Triambakji was the Chief Minister of Baji Rao II
- Lord William Bentinck laid the foundation for the Calcutta Medical College
- The first railway line connecting Bombay with Thane was opened in 1853
- Warren Hastings introduced the annual leasing system of auctioning the lands
- The Anglicists argued for the cause of western sciences and literature in the medium of English language
- Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagara favoured the widow remarriage
- The Palayakkarar system had evolved with the extension of Vijayanagar rule into Tamil Nadu
- The Palayakkarar of Sivagiri was a tributary to the Company
- Mustapha Beg Indian sepoy forewarned about the Vellore Mutiny
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