RADIOTHERAPHY
RADIOTHERAPHY SYLLABUS
(These syllabus may change from time to time. Please check with the relevant Public Service Commission websites for any changes in the syllabus)
1. General and Radiation Physics Units in radiography, magnetism and magnetic properties, electrical energy, joules,watts, electromagnetic induction, alternating currents, transformers, electrical measuring instruments, electronics, modern physics, atomic structure, radio activity, x-ray tubes, x-ray spectrum, bremsstrahlung and characteristics x-rays, units and measure of radiation, principles of radiation detection and measurement.
2. Basic subjects General anatomy, anatomy of nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, skeletal system, GIT, genito urinary system & endocrine system, general physiology, physiology of cardio vascular system, respiratory system, GIT, endocrine system, real system, nervous system reproductive system and muscle and nerve. Elementary pathology, pathology of CNS, MSK, head and neck, respiratory, endocrine, GIT, GUT, genital and hepatobilary system.
3. Physics of medical imaging and radio therapy (Radio Diagnosis) X-ray film processing, ray films, intensifying screen , unsharpenes in radio graphs .fluoroscopy, dental radio graphy units,x-ray equipments, DSA, mammography, CT, MRI, ultra sound, CR, DR and radiation protection.
4. Radiography including dark room techniques , and modern imaging techniques X- ray exposure factors, dark room techniques, radiography of skull .upper limb, lower limb, vertebral column, Para nasal sinuses. Special investigation techniques like barium meal, barium enema, HSG, IVU, RGP, AGP, MCU, bronchography, myelography , enteroclysis, angiography and contrast agents in medical imaging Ultrasound scan CT scan-spiral CT, multislice CT scanner, low dose CT , CT angiography , virtual volonoscopy MRI scan -1.5 tesla magnets , diffusion, perfusion imaging, spectroscopy, DSA, Mammography and recent advances.
5. Radio therapy General principles, radio therapy sources, brachy therapy, radio therapy simulators, radiotherapy treatment, planning, normal tissue reaction to radiation, clinical radio therapy, nuclear medicine
6. Physics of radio therapy Cobalt 60 teletherapy units, linear accelerator, calibration of therapy units, dosimetry parameters, treatment calculations .isotopes used .radiation safety in radio therapy and recent advances in radio therapy
1. General and Radiation Physics Units in radiography, magnetism and magnetic properties, electrical energy, joules,watts, electromagnetic induction, alternating currents, transformers, electrical measuring instruments, electronics, modern physics, atomic structure, radio activity, x-ray tubes, x-ray spectrum, bremsstrahlung and characteristics x-rays, units and measure of radiation, principles of radiation detection and measurement.
2. Basic subjects General anatomy, anatomy of nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, skeletal system, GIT, genito urinary system & endocrine system, general physiology, physiology of cardio vascular system, respiratory system, GIT, endocrine system, real system, nervous system reproductive system and muscle and nerve. Elementary pathology, pathology of CNS, MSK, head and neck, respiratory, endocrine, GIT, GUT, genital and hepatobilary system.
3. Physics of medical imaging and radio therapy (Radio Diagnosis) X-ray film processing, ray films, intensifying screen , unsharpenes in radio graphs .fluoroscopy, dental radio graphy units,x-ray equipments, DSA, mammography, CT, MRI, ultra sound, CR, DR and radiation protection.
4. Radiography including dark room techniques , and modern imaging techniques X- ray exposure factors, dark room techniques, radiography of skull .upper limb, lower limb, vertebral column, Para nasal sinuses. Special investigation techniques like barium meal, barium enema, HSG, IVU, RGP, AGP, MCU, bronchography, myelography , enteroclysis, angiography and contrast agents in medical imaging Ultrasound scan CT scan-spiral CT, multislice CT scanner, low dose CT , CT angiography , virtual volonoscopy MRI scan -1.5 tesla magnets , diffusion, perfusion imaging, spectroscopy, DSA, Mammography and recent advances.
5. Radio therapy General principles, radio therapy sources, brachy therapy, radio therapy simulators, radiotherapy treatment, planning, normal tissue reaction to radiation, clinical radio therapy, nuclear medicine
6. Physics of radio therapy Cobalt 60 teletherapy units, linear accelerator, calibration of therapy units, dosimetry parameters, treatment calculations .isotopes used .radiation safety in radio therapy and recent advances in radio therapy
RADIOTHERAPHY MCQs
1. Who invented CT scan ?
A:-Madam Curie
B:-W.C. Roentgen
C:-G.N. Hounsfield
D:-Isaac Newton
Correct Answer:- Option-C
2. Which metal is commonly used as target in X-ray tubes ?
A:-Lead
B:-Cobalt
C:-Radium
D:-Tungsten
Correct Answer:- Option-D
3. The recommended total filtration for a diagnostic unit of >70 Kvp is
A:-2.5 mm Al
B:-1.5 mm Al
C:-4.4 mm Al
D:-0.5 mm Al
Correct Answer:- Option-A
4. What is NOT done by grids ?
A:-Remove scattered radiation
B:-Increase patient radiation
C:-Produce film with better contrast
D:-Decrease patient dose
Correct Answer:- Option-D
5. As speed of intensifying screen increases, the exposure required
A:-Increases
B:-Decreases
C:-Will not change
D:-Doubles
Correct Answer:- Option-B
6. Which chemical is commonly used as fixing agent ?
A:-Hydroquinone
B:-Sodium thio sulphate
C:-Sodium sulphite
D:-Potassium bromide
Correct Answer:- Option-B
7. Safe light in dark rooms are
A:-Red & < 15 watts
B:-Yellow & < 15 watts
C:-Red & > 15 watts
D:-Yellow & > 15 watts
Correct Answer:- Option-A
8. In an automatic processor which step is NOT required, when compared to manual processing
A:-Developing
B:-Fixing
C:-Rincing
D:-Drying
Correct Answer:- Option-C
9. The CT numbers of air and water are as follows
A:-+ 100, – 1000
B:-0, + 10
C:-+ 1000, + 10
D:-= 1000, 0
Correct Answer:- Option-D
10. What is the pixel size in a CT scanner if FOV is 25 cm and matrix size is 512 & 512 ?
A:-0.5 mm
B:-0.1 mm
C:-5 mm
D:-10 mm
Correct Answer:- Option-A
11. What is NOT a feature of mammography system ?
A:-Low Kvp technique
B:-High Kvp technique
C:-Molybdenum anode
D:-Small focal spot
Correct Answer:- Option-B
12. Any radiological examination of lower abdomen and pelvis of woman of reproductive age should be conduced within ____________ days from the onset of menstruation.
A:-6
B:-7
C:-15
D:-10
Correct Answer:- Option-D
13. In radiography subject contrast is increased by all EXCEPT
A:-Low Kvp
B:-Contrast media
C:-Scattered radiation
D:-Collimation
Correct Answer:- Option-C
14. How many carpal bones are there in hand and which one is more prone for avascular necrosis ?
A:-7, lunate
B:-10, capitate
C:-8, scaphoid
D:-6, pisiform
Correct Answer:- Option-C
15. Swimmers view is taken for which region ?
A:-Cervico thoracic region
B:-Thoracolumbar region
C:-Shoulder
D:-Scapula
Correct Answer:- Option-A
16. Which is the name of the view taken for visualisation of petrous temporal bone and IAM ?
A:-Strykers view
B:-Stenvers view
C:-Skyline view
D:-Townes view
Correct Answer:- Option-B
17. In an IVU what is the name of the X-ray taken immediately after giving contrast ?
A:-Nephrogram
B:-Scout film
C:-KUB film
D:-Pyelogram
Correct Answer:- Option-A
18. If a patient came for barium swallow and barium meal which investigation to be performed first ?
A:-Barium swallow
B:-Both together
C:-Barium meal
D:-Either of them
Correct Answer:- Option-C
19. What is the atomic number of barium ?
A:-70
B:-65
C:-42
D:-56
Correct Answer:- Option-D
20. In suspected perforation what is the contrast media used for evaluation of GIT ?
A:-Barium sulphate
B:-Gastrograffin
C:-Urograffin
D:-Water
Correct Answer:- Option-B
21. Which is NOT a part of small bowel ?
A:-Duodenum
B:-Ileum
C:-Jejunum
D:-Stomach
Correct Answer:- Option-D
22. Barium enema includes investigation of
A:-Oesophagus
B:-Small bowel
C:-Large bowel
D:-Stomach
Correct Answer:- Option-C
23. Paranasal sinuses includes all EXCEPT
A:-Mastoid
B:-Frontal
C:-Maxillary
D:-Sphenoid
Correct Answer:- Option-A
24. Caldwell view is
A:-PA with 15 degree caudal angulation
B:-AP with 15 degree caudal angulation
C:-Lateral
D:-Lateral oblique
Correct Answer:- Option-A
25. The continued emission of light from a substance even after cessation of exposure is known as
A:-Luminescence
B:-Fluorescence
C:-Phosphorescence
D:-None of the above
Correct Answer:- Option-C
26. All of the following given below are properties of X-rays EXCEPT one
A:-Highly penetrating and invisible
B:-Can be focused by lens
C:-Electrically neutral
D:-Liberate minute amounts of heat on passing through matter
Correct Answer:- Option-B
27. The exposure rate of X-ray beam may be altered by all EXCEPT
A:-Tube current
B:-Tube potential
C:-Distance
D:-None of the above
Correct Answer:- Option-D
28. The most prevalent material used in TLD badge is
A:-Sodium
B:-Lithium
C:-Aluminium
D:-Cadmium
Correct Answer:- Option-B
29. Maximum sensitivity of human foetus occur during ______ day of gestation.
A:-60 – 80
B:-11 – 41
C:-71 – 91
D:-90 – 125
Correct Answer:- Option-B
30 .The thickness of protective apron in fluoroscopy is
A:-1 mm lead equivalent
B:-1.5 mm lead equivalent
C:-0.5 mm lead equivalent
D:-0.75 mm lead equivalent
Correct Answer:- Option-C
31. Importance factors that reduce patient exposure during radiography includes all EXCEPT
A:-Low Kvp
B:-Beam filtration
C:-Beam collimation
D:-High speed film screen system
Correct Answer:- Option-A
32. X-ray receptors in a CR (Computer Radiography) system contains
A:-Silver bromide
B:-Calcium tungstate
C:-Zinc cadmium sulphide
D:-Europium doped barium fluro halide
Correct Answer:- Option-D
33. -The advantages of CR system are all EXCEPT
A:-Better image quality
B:-Faster and better post processing
C:-Cassette less department
D:-Significant reduction in exposure
Correct Answer:- Option-C
34 . Super conducting magnets are EXCEPT
A:-Super cooled
B:-Weight 5-10 tons
C:-Magnetic field always on
D:-High SNR and homogenicity
Correct Answer:- Option-C
35. The stray magnetic field outside the bore of magnetic is called
A:-Shimming
B:-Precession
C:-Resonance
D:-Fringe field
Correct Answer:- Option-D
36. The processional frequency of hydrogen for field strength 1.5 Tesla is
A:-21.3 MHz
B:-42.6 MHz
C:-6.39 MHz
D:-63.9 MHz
Correct Answer:- Option-D
37. In `T_(1)` weighted images parameters are
A:-Short TR and short TE
B:-Short TR and long TE
C:-Long TE and long TR
D:-Long TR and short TE
Correct Answer:- Option-A
38. The technology used in DR (Digital Radiography) are all EXCEPT
A:-Photo stimulated phosphor based system
B:-Charged couple device
C:-FPD - Amorphous silicon based
D:-FPD - Amorphous selinium based
Correct Answer:- Option-A
39. The CT artefacts produced due to heterogeneous X-ray beam are called
A:-Motion artefacts
B:-Beam hardening artefacts
C:-Streak artefacts
D:-Ring artefacts
Correct Answer:- Option-B
40. The input fluorescent screen in newer image intensifier is made up of
A:-Calcium tungstate
B:-Cesium iodide
C:-Cadmium sulphate
D:-Zinc sulphate
Correct Answer:- Option-B
A:-Madam Curie
B:-W.C. Roentgen
C:-G.N. Hounsfield
D:-Isaac Newton
Correct Answer:- Option-C
2. Which metal is commonly used as target in X-ray tubes ?
A:-Lead
B:-Cobalt
C:-Radium
D:-Tungsten
Correct Answer:- Option-D
3. The recommended total filtration for a diagnostic unit of >70 Kvp is
A:-2.5 mm Al
B:-1.5 mm Al
C:-4.4 mm Al
D:-0.5 mm Al
Correct Answer:- Option-A
4. What is NOT done by grids ?
A:-Remove scattered radiation
B:-Increase patient radiation
C:-Produce film with better contrast
D:-Decrease patient dose
Correct Answer:- Option-D
5. As speed of intensifying screen increases, the exposure required
A:-Increases
B:-Decreases
C:-Will not change
D:-Doubles
Correct Answer:- Option-B
6. Which chemical is commonly used as fixing agent ?
A:-Hydroquinone
B:-Sodium thio sulphate
C:-Sodium sulphite
D:-Potassium bromide
Correct Answer:- Option-B
7. Safe light in dark rooms are
A:-Red & < 15 watts
B:-Yellow & < 15 watts
C:-Red & > 15 watts
D:-Yellow & > 15 watts
Correct Answer:- Option-A
8. In an automatic processor which step is NOT required, when compared to manual processing
A:-Developing
B:-Fixing
C:-Rincing
D:-Drying
Correct Answer:- Option-C
9. The CT numbers of air and water are as follows
A:-+ 100, – 1000
B:-0, + 10
C:-+ 1000, + 10
D:-= 1000, 0
Correct Answer:- Option-D
10. What is the pixel size in a CT scanner if FOV is 25 cm and matrix size is 512 & 512 ?
A:-0.5 mm
B:-0.1 mm
C:-5 mm
D:-10 mm
Correct Answer:- Option-A
11. What is NOT a feature of mammography system ?
A:-Low Kvp technique
B:-High Kvp technique
C:-Molybdenum anode
D:-Small focal spot
Correct Answer:- Option-B
12. Any radiological examination of lower abdomen and pelvis of woman of reproductive age should be conduced within ____________ days from the onset of menstruation.
A:-6
B:-7
C:-15
D:-10
Correct Answer:- Option-D
13. In radiography subject contrast is increased by all EXCEPT
A:-Low Kvp
B:-Contrast media
C:-Scattered radiation
D:-Collimation
Correct Answer:- Option-C
14. How many carpal bones are there in hand and which one is more prone for avascular necrosis ?
A:-7, lunate
B:-10, capitate
C:-8, scaphoid
D:-6, pisiform
Correct Answer:- Option-C
15. Swimmers view is taken for which region ?
A:-Cervico thoracic region
B:-Thoracolumbar region
C:-Shoulder
D:-Scapula
Correct Answer:- Option-A
16. Which is the name of the view taken for visualisation of petrous temporal bone and IAM ?
A:-Strykers view
B:-Stenvers view
C:-Skyline view
D:-Townes view
Correct Answer:- Option-B
17. In an IVU what is the name of the X-ray taken immediately after giving contrast ?
A:-Nephrogram
B:-Scout film
C:-KUB film
D:-Pyelogram
Correct Answer:- Option-A
18. If a patient came for barium swallow and barium meal which investigation to be performed first ?
A:-Barium swallow
B:-Both together
C:-Barium meal
D:-Either of them
Correct Answer:- Option-C
19. What is the atomic number of barium ?
A:-70
B:-65
C:-42
D:-56
Correct Answer:- Option-D
20. In suspected perforation what is the contrast media used for evaluation of GIT ?
A:-Barium sulphate
B:-Gastrograffin
C:-Urograffin
D:-Water
Correct Answer:- Option-B
21. Which is NOT a part of small bowel ?
A:-Duodenum
B:-Ileum
C:-Jejunum
D:-Stomach
Correct Answer:- Option-D
22. Barium enema includes investigation of
A:-Oesophagus
B:-Small bowel
C:-Large bowel
D:-Stomach
Correct Answer:- Option-C
23. Paranasal sinuses includes all EXCEPT
A:-Mastoid
B:-Frontal
C:-Maxillary
D:-Sphenoid
Correct Answer:- Option-A
24. Caldwell view is
A:-PA with 15 degree caudal angulation
B:-AP with 15 degree caudal angulation
C:-Lateral
D:-Lateral oblique
Correct Answer:- Option-A
25. The continued emission of light from a substance even after cessation of exposure is known as
A:-Luminescence
B:-Fluorescence
C:-Phosphorescence
D:-None of the above
Correct Answer:- Option-C
26. All of the following given below are properties of X-rays EXCEPT one
A:-Highly penetrating and invisible
B:-Can be focused by lens
C:-Electrically neutral
D:-Liberate minute amounts of heat on passing through matter
Correct Answer:- Option-B
27. The exposure rate of X-ray beam may be altered by all EXCEPT
A:-Tube current
B:-Tube potential
C:-Distance
D:-None of the above
Correct Answer:- Option-D
28. The most prevalent material used in TLD badge is
A:-Sodium
B:-Lithium
C:-Aluminium
D:-Cadmium
Correct Answer:- Option-B
29. Maximum sensitivity of human foetus occur during ______ day of gestation.
A:-60 – 80
B:-11 – 41
C:-71 – 91
D:-90 – 125
Correct Answer:- Option-B
30 .The thickness of protective apron in fluoroscopy is
A:-1 mm lead equivalent
B:-1.5 mm lead equivalent
C:-0.5 mm lead equivalent
D:-0.75 mm lead equivalent
Correct Answer:- Option-C
31. Importance factors that reduce patient exposure during radiography includes all EXCEPT
A:-Low Kvp
B:-Beam filtration
C:-Beam collimation
D:-High speed film screen system
Correct Answer:- Option-A
32. X-ray receptors in a CR (Computer Radiography) system contains
A:-Silver bromide
B:-Calcium tungstate
C:-Zinc cadmium sulphide
D:-Europium doped barium fluro halide
Correct Answer:- Option-D
33. -The advantages of CR system are all EXCEPT
A:-Better image quality
B:-Faster and better post processing
C:-Cassette less department
D:-Significant reduction in exposure
Correct Answer:- Option-C
34 . Super conducting magnets are EXCEPT
A:-Super cooled
B:-Weight 5-10 tons
C:-Magnetic field always on
D:-High SNR and homogenicity
Correct Answer:- Option-C
35. The stray magnetic field outside the bore of magnetic is called
A:-Shimming
B:-Precession
C:-Resonance
D:-Fringe field
Correct Answer:- Option-D
36. The processional frequency of hydrogen for field strength 1.5 Tesla is
A:-21.3 MHz
B:-42.6 MHz
C:-6.39 MHz
D:-63.9 MHz
Correct Answer:- Option-D
37. In `T_(1)` weighted images parameters are
A:-Short TR and short TE
B:-Short TR and long TE
C:-Long TE and long TR
D:-Long TR and short TE
Correct Answer:- Option-A
38. The technology used in DR (Digital Radiography) are all EXCEPT
A:-Photo stimulated phosphor based system
B:-Charged couple device
C:-FPD - Amorphous silicon based
D:-FPD - Amorphous selinium based
Correct Answer:- Option-A
39. The CT artefacts produced due to heterogeneous X-ray beam are called
A:-Motion artefacts
B:-Beam hardening artefacts
C:-Streak artefacts
D:-Ring artefacts
Correct Answer:- Option-B
40. The input fluorescent screen in newer image intensifier is made up of
A:-Calcium tungstate
B:-Cesium iodide
C:-Cadmium sulphate
D:-Zinc sulphate
Correct Answer:- Option-B
41. In an image intensifier if the flux gain is 50 and minification is 80, what is brightness gain ?
A:-4000
B:-130
C:-30
D:-1.6
Correct Answer:- Option-A
42. If height of lead stripes is 2 mm and the distance between lead stripes is 0.25 mm, what is the grid ratio ?
A:-0.5
B:-8
C:-10
D:-4
Correct Answer:- Option-B
43. Hip joint is a _____ type of joint.
A:-Saddle
B:-Hinge
C:-Ball and socket
D:-Gliding
Correct Answer:- Option-C
44. What among the following is a malignant bone tumour ?
A:-Osteochondroma
B:-Enchondroma
C:-Chondroblastoma
D:-Osteosarcoma
Correct Answer:- Option-D
45. The type of pathological calcification seen in normal tissues is
A:-Dystrophic calcification
B:-Neoplastic calcification
C:-Heterotrophic calcification
D:-Metastatic calcification
Correct Answer:- Option-D
46. Heart is covered by
A:-Peritoneum
B:-Pleura
C:-Pericardium
D:-Synovium
Correct Answer:- Option-C
47 How many lobes are there in right lung ?
A:-4
B:-3
C:-2
D:-5
Correct Answer:- Option-B
48. Intra cavitary radiation is used in the treatment of which cancer ?
B:-Thyroid
C:-Lung
D:-Brain
Correct Answer:- Option-A
49 Occupation effective dose equivalent dose for whole body is
A:-5 msv/year
B:-50 msv/year
C:-15 msv/year
D:-50 msv/year
Correct Answer:- Option-B
50. Half life of Cobalt-60 is
A:-6 years
B:-5.26 years
C:-7 years
D:-4 years
Correct Answer:- Option-B
51. Craniospinal radiation is given in which condition ?
A:-Carcinoma colon
B:-Carcinoma lung
C:-Carcinoma lung
D:-Medulloblastoma
Correct Answer:- Option-D
52. Dmax of Cobalt-60 is
A:-1 cm
B:-2 cm
C:-5 cm
D:-0.5 cm
Correct Answer:- Option-D
53. Radio resistant phase of cell cycle
A:-S
B:-`G_(1)`
C:-M
D:-`G_(0)`
Correct Answer:- Option-A
54. Spinal cord tolerance dose
A:-45GY
B:-40GY
C:-50GY
D:-55GY
Correct Answer:- Option-A
55. Mantle field is used in the treatment of which disease ?
A:-Carcinoma lung
B:-Carcinoma prostate
C:-Lymphoma
D:-Hepatocellular carcinoma
Correct Answer:- Option-C
56. Among the following which is used in the treatment of prostatic malignancy ?
A:-Cobalt – 60
B:-Iodine – 130
C:-Cesium – 131
D:-Technetium – 99
Correct Answer:- Option-C
57. Which radioactive material is used in the treatment of carcinoma thyroid and what is its half life ?
A:-Iodine - 131; 8.02 days
B:-Cobalt - 60; 120 days
C:-Technicum - 99; 62 days
D:-Cesium - 131; 15 days
Correct Answer:- Option-A
58. Which technology is used in Linear accelerator to accelerate electrons ?
A:-Laser
B:-Electric current
C:-Magnet
D:-Microwave
Correct Answer:- Option-D
59. What percentage of X-ray beam is contributed by characteristic radiation ?
A:-30 – 48
B:-10 – 28
C:-8 – 15
D:-55 – 65
Correct Answer:- Option-B
60-Which is the type of interaction between X-rays and matter that do not produce ionisation ?
A:-Pair production
B:-Photoelectric effect
C:-Coherent scattering
D:-Compton scattering
Correct Answer:- Option-C
61. Among the following, which is NOT the end product of photoelectric effect ?
A:-Photo electron
B:-Characteristic radiation
C:-Positive ion
D:-Proton
Correct Answer:- Option-D
62.One gray is ____ rads.
A:-1000
B:-10000
C:-10
D:-100
Correct Answer:- Option-D
63. Permanent sterility for men occur at what range of exposure to radiation ?
A:-9 - 10 GY
B:-10 - 15 GY
C:-5 - 8 GY
D:-15 - 20 GY
Correct Answer:- Option-A
64. To provide adequate radiation protection what should be he thickness of the wall of X-ray room ?
A:-25 cm brick with plaster
B:-15 cm brick with plaster
C:-10 cm concrete
D:-4 mm lead equivalent
Correct Answer:- Option-A
65. All of the following are MR angiography techniques EXCEPT
A:-Time of flight
B:-Diffusion
C:-Phase contrast
D:-Contrast enhanced MRI
Correct Answer:- Option-B
66. MCU is an investigation for visualisation of
A:-Uterus and fallopian tubes
B:-Bladder and urethra
C:-Oesophagus
D:-Kidneys and ureter
Correct Answer:- Option-B
67. In double contrast barium enema when will be introduce air
A:-When barium column reaches rectum
B:-When barium column reaches hepatic flexure
C:-When barium column reaches splenic flexure
D:-When barium column reaches ascending colon
Correct Answer:- Option-C
68. All of the following are on ionic contrast media EXCEPT
A:-Iopamidol
B:-Iohexol
C:-Urograffin
D:-Iopromide
Correct Answer:- Option-C
69. What is the effective radiation dose to adult from a CT scan head ?
A:-2 msv
B:-4 msv
C:-0.2 msv
D:-6 msv
Correct Answer:- Option-A
70. Grid controlled X-ray tubes means
A:-Hooded anode
B:-Rotating anode
C:-Target other than tungston
D:-`3^(rd)` electrode
Correct Answer:- Option-D
71. Effective energy of an X-ray beam is
A:-E max
B:-E max divided by 2
C:-E max divided by 3
D:-E max divided by 2.3
Correct Answer:- Option-C
72. The energy of the characteristic X-ray produced depends on
A:-Effective energy of the X-ray beam
B:-Kvp
C:-mas
D:-Atomic number of the target
Correct Answer:- Option-D
73. Heavy metal filter (k edge filter) is
A:-Gadolinium
B:-Iodine
C:-Copper
D:-Barium
Correct Answer:- Option-A
74. Unit of dose equivalent is
A:-Sv
B:-Gy
C:-Roentgen
D:-J.kg
Correct Answer:- Option-B
75. The average life of a radioactive materials is
A:-0.693/T
B:-0.693/T `1/2`
C:-1.44 T `1/2`
D:-1.44/T `1/2`
Correct Answer:- Option-C
76. Amorphous selenium is a
A:-Photo conductor
B:-Photocathode
C:-Semiconductor
D:-Thermoluminescent material
Correct Answer:- Option-A
77. What is ball catchers (Norgaard projection) view ?
A:-Hand lateral
B:-Wrist lateral
C:-Hand AP
D:-Posterior oblique view of both hands
Correct Answer:- Option-D
78. One of the interactions of ultrasound with matter - reflection depends on
A:-Frequency of sound
B:-Viscosity of the conducting medium
C:-Relaxation time of the medium
D:-Acoustic impedance of the tissue
Correct Answer:- Option-D
79. Reducing agent used in developer is
A:-Sodium thiosulfate
B:-Hydroquinone
C:-Sodium hydroxide
D:-Sodium carbonate
Correct Answer:- Option-B
80. Skyline view is for visualisation of what structure
A:-Patella
B:-Scapula
C:-Scaphoid
D:-Lunate
Correct Answer:- Option-A
A:-4000
B:-130
C:-30
D:-1.6
Correct Answer:- Option-A
42. If height of lead stripes is 2 mm and the distance between lead stripes is 0.25 mm, what is the grid ratio ?
A:-0.5
B:-8
C:-10
D:-4
Correct Answer:- Option-B
43. Hip joint is a _____ type of joint.
A:-Saddle
B:-Hinge
C:-Ball and socket
D:-Gliding
Correct Answer:- Option-C
44. What among the following is a malignant bone tumour ?
A:-Osteochondroma
B:-Enchondroma
C:-Chondroblastoma
D:-Osteosarcoma
Correct Answer:- Option-D
45. The type of pathological calcification seen in normal tissues is
A:-Dystrophic calcification
B:-Neoplastic calcification
C:-Heterotrophic calcification
D:-Metastatic calcification
Correct Answer:- Option-D
46. Heart is covered by
A:-Peritoneum
B:-Pleura
C:-Pericardium
D:-Synovium
Correct Answer:- Option-C
47 How many lobes are there in right lung ?
A:-4
B:-3
C:-2
D:-5
Correct Answer:- Option-B
48. Intra cavitary radiation is used in the treatment of which cancer ?
B:-Thyroid
C:-Lung
D:-Brain
Correct Answer:- Option-A
49 Occupation effective dose equivalent dose for whole body is
A:-5 msv/year
B:-50 msv/year
C:-15 msv/year
D:-50 msv/year
Correct Answer:- Option-B
50. Half life of Cobalt-60 is
A:-6 years
B:-5.26 years
C:-7 years
D:-4 years
Correct Answer:- Option-B
51. Craniospinal radiation is given in which condition ?
A:-Carcinoma colon
B:-Carcinoma lung
C:-Carcinoma lung
D:-Medulloblastoma
Correct Answer:- Option-D
52. Dmax of Cobalt-60 is
A:-1 cm
B:-2 cm
C:-5 cm
D:-0.5 cm
Correct Answer:- Option-D
53. Radio resistant phase of cell cycle
A:-S
B:-`G_(1)`
C:-M
D:-`G_(0)`
Correct Answer:- Option-A
54. Spinal cord tolerance dose
A:-45GY
B:-40GY
C:-50GY
D:-55GY
Correct Answer:- Option-A
55. Mantle field is used in the treatment of which disease ?
A:-Carcinoma lung
B:-Carcinoma prostate
C:-Lymphoma
D:-Hepatocellular carcinoma
Correct Answer:- Option-C
56. Among the following which is used in the treatment of prostatic malignancy ?
A:-Cobalt – 60
B:-Iodine – 130
C:-Cesium – 131
D:-Technetium – 99
Correct Answer:- Option-C
57. Which radioactive material is used in the treatment of carcinoma thyroid and what is its half life ?
A:-Iodine - 131; 8.02 days
B:-Cobalt - 60; 120 days
C:-Technicum - 99; 62 days
D:-Cesium - 131; 15 days
Correct Answer:- Option-A
58. Which technology is used in Linear accelerator to accelerate electrons ?
A:-Laser
B:-Electric current
C:-Magnet
D:-Microwave
Correct Answer:- Option-D
59. What percentage of X-ray beam is contributed by characteristic radiation ?
A:-30 – 48
B:-10 – 28
C:-8 – 15
D:-55 – 65
Correct Answer:- Option-B
60-Which is the type of interaction between X-rays and matter that do not produce ionisation ?
A:-Pair production
B:-Photoelectric effect
C:-Coherent scattering
D:-Compton scattering
Correct Answer:- Option-C
61. Among the following, which is NOT the end product of photoelectric effect ?
A:-Photo electron
B:-Characteristic radiation
C:-Positive ion
D:-Proton
Correct Answer:- Option-D
62.One gray is ____ rads.
A:-1000
B:-10000
C:-10
D:-100
Correct Answer:- Option-D
63. Permanent sterility for men occur at what range of exposure to radiation ?
A:-9 - 10 GY
B:-10 - 15 GY
C:-5 - 8 GY
D:-15 - 20 GY
Correct Answer:- Option-A
64. To provide adequate radiation protection what should be he thickness of the wall of X-ray room ?
A:-25 cm brick with plaster
B:-15 cm brick with plaster
C:-10 cm concrete
D:-4 mm lead equivalent
Correct Answer:- Option-A
65. All of the following are MR angiography techniques EXCEPT
A:-Time of flight
B:-Diffusion
C:-Phase contrast
D:-Contrast enhanced MRI
Correct Answer:- Option-B
66. MCU is an investigation for visualisation of
A:-Uterus and fallopian tubes
B:-Bladder and urethra
C:-Oesophagus
D:-Kidneys and ureter
Correct Answer:- Option-B
67. In double contrast barium enema when will be introduce air
A:-When barium column reaches rectum
B:-When barium column reaches hepatic flexure
C:-When barium column reaches splenic flexure
D:-When barium column reaches ascending colon
Correct Answer:- Option-C
68. All of the following are on ionic contrast media EXCEPT
A:-Iopamidol
B:-Iohexol
C:-Urograffin
D:-Iopromide
Correct Answer:- Option-C
69. What is the effective radiation dose to adult from a CT scan head ?
A:-2 msv
B:-4 msv
C:-0.2 msv
D:-6 msv
Correct Answer:- Option-A
70. Grid controlled X-ray tubes means
A:-Hooded anode
B:-Rotating anode
C:-Target other than tungston
D:-`3^(rd)` electrode
Correct Answer:- Option-D
71. Effective energy of an X-ray beam is
A:-E max
B:-E max divided by 2
C:-E max divided by 3
D:-E max divided by 2.3
Correct Answer:- Option-C
72. The energy of the characteristic X-ray produced depends on
A:-Effective energy of the X-ray beam
B:-Kvp
C:-mas
D:-Atomic number of the target
Correct Answer:- Option-D
73. Heavy metal filter (k edge filter) is
A:-Gadolinium
B:-Iodine
C:-Copper
D:-Barium
Correct Answer:- Option-A
74. Unit of dose equivalent is
A:-Sv
B:-Gy
C:-Roentgen
D:-J.kg
Correct Answer:- Option-B
75. The average life of a radioactive materials is
A:-0.693/T
B:-0.693/T `1/2`
C:-1.44 T `1/2`
D:-1.44/T `1/2`
Correct Answer:- Option-C
76. Amorphous selenium is a
A:-Photo conductor
B:-Photocathode
C:-Semiconductor
D:-Thermoluminescent material
Correct Answer:- Option-A
77. What is ball catchers (Norgaard projection) view ?
A:-Hand lateral
B:-Wrist lateral
C:-Hand AP
D:-Posterior oblique view of both hands
Correct Answer:- Option-D
78. One of the interactions of ultrasound with matter - reflection depends on
A:-Frequency of sound
B:-Viscosity of the conducting medium
C:-Relaxation time of the medium
D:-Acoustic impedance of the tissue
Correct Answer:- Option-D
79. Reducing agent used in developer is
A:-Sodium thiosulfate
B:-Hydroquinone
C:-Sodium hydroxide
D:-Sodium carbonate
Correct Answer:- Option-B
80. Skyline view is for visualisation of what structure
A:-Patella
B:-Scapula
C:-Scaphoid
D:-Lunate
Correct Answer:- Option-A
81:-Which of the following isotope is not used for permanent implant in brachytherapy ?
A:-Gold 198
B:-Iodine 125
C:-Palladium 103
D:-Cesium 137
Ans: D
82:-Cobalt 60 radioactive isotope has a half life of
A:-74 days
B:-1620 years
C:-30 years
D:-5.6 years
Ans: D
83:-Which of the following is a beam modifying device used in Radiotherapy ?
A:-Phantom
B:-Wedges
C:-Breast Board
D:-Thermoplastic masks
Ans: B
84:-Which of the following radiation detectors cannot be used in automatic exposure control (Photo timers) in an x-ray generator system ?
A:-Thermoluminesent detector
B:-Photo multiplier detector
C:-Ionization detector
D:-Solid state detector
Ans: A
85:-CT number for air is
A:-0
B:--1000
C:-1000
D:-1
Ans: B
86:-The degree of blackening of Radiographic of film is described by
A:-Optical density
B:-Film sensitivity
C:-Film speed
D:-Gamma
Ans: A
87:-True statement regarding plain abdominal radiography is
A:-A short exposure time is unnecessary
B:-The lower border of cassette should be positioned at the level of pubis symphysis
C:-Injection of air via nasogastric tube helps in diagnosis of perforation
D97:-All of the above
Ans: C
88:-The Gadolinium-diethyltriamine penta acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) is a
A:-Contrast medium used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
B:-Contrast media used for CT imaging
C:-Contrast media used in Fluoroscopy
D:-Emulsion used in x-ray films
Ans: A
89:-Which of the following is not a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameter ?
A:-Spin Density
B:-Electron Density
C:-T2 Relaxation Time
D:-T1 Relaxation Time
Ans: B
90:-The inherent filtration in an x-ray tube ranges from
A:-0.5 to 1 mm Al.
B:-.001 to .01 mm lead
C:-.05 to 1 m lead
D:-2 to 4 mm Al
Ans: A
91:-The added filter used for the radiography of body part of uneven thickness is
A:-Heavy metal filters
B:-Inherent filtration
C:-Wedge filter
D:-None of the above
Ans: C
92:-The magnitude of scattered radiation during radiography depends on
A:-Energy of x-ray
B:-Field size
C:-Thickness of patient
D:-All of the above
Ans: D
93:-Grid ratio is the
A:-Ratio of the height of the lead strips to the width of the inter space material
B:-Number of lead strip lines per centimeter
C:-Ratio exposure with grid and without grid
D:-Ratio of contrast with and without grid
Ans: A
94:-Which of the following is a method of scatter reduction in radiography other than using grid ?
A:-Use of collimator
B:-Scanning slit
C:-Air gap method
D:-All of the above
Ans: D
95:-In spiral CT scanners
A:-No ring detectors
B:-Stationary x-ray tube
C:-Patient table stationary
D:-Patient table moving during scanning process
Ans: D
96:-A radiation detector not suitable for the use in CT scanner is
A:-Sodium Iodine Detector
B:-Bismuth Germanate Detector
C:-Fricke Detector
D:-Cadmium Tungstate
Ans: C
97:-Main advantage of fourth generation CT scanner is
A:-Less patient dose
B:-Elimination of ring artifact
C:-Less scattered radiation
D:-All of the above
Ans: B
98:-Qunatum mottle is due to
A:-Statistical fluctuation in the number of x-rays emitted from x-ray tube
B:-Patient motion
C:-Absorption of radiation by high density material
D:-Heterogeneous x-ray spectrum
Ans: A
99:-CT number of dense bone is
A:-+100
B:-+1000
C:-+55
D:-+35
Ans: B
100:-Ring of stationary detectors were introduced in
A:-First generation CT scanners
B:-Second generation CT scanners
C:-Third generation CT scanners
D:-Fourth generation CT scanners
Ans: D
A:-Gold 198
B:-Iodine 125
C:-Palladium 103
D:-Cesium 137
Ans: D
82:-Cobalt 60 radioactive isotope has a half life of
A:-74 days
B:-1620 years
C:-30 years
D:-5.6 years
Ans: D
83:-Which of the following is a beam modifying device used in Radiotherapy ?
A:-Phantom
B:-Wedges
C:-Breast Board
D:-Thermoplastic masks
Ans: B
84:-Which of the following radiation detectors cannot be used in automatic exposure control (Photo timers) in an x-ray generator system ?
A:-Thermoluminesent detector
B:-Photo multiplier detector
C:-Ionization detector
D:-Solid state detector
Ans: A
85:-CT number for air is
A:-0
B:--1000
C:-1000
D:-1
Ans: B
86:-The degree of blackening of Radiographic of film is described by
A:-Optical density
B:-Film sensitivity
C:-Film speed
D:-Gamma
Ans: A
87:-True statement regarding plain abdominal radiography is
A:-A short exposure time is unnecessary
B:-The lower border of cassette should be positioned at the level of pubis symphysis
C:-Injection of air via nasogastric tube helps in diagnosis of perforation
D97:-All of the above
Ans: C
88:-The Gadolinium-diethyltriamine penta acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) is a
A:-Contrast medium used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
B:-Contrast media used for CT imaging
C:-Contrast media used in Fluoroscopy
D:-Emulsion used in x-ray films
Ans: A
89:-Which of the following is not a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameter ?
A:-Spin Density
B:-Electron Density
C:-T2 Relaxation Time
D:-T1 Relaxation Time
Ans: B
90:-The inherent filtration in an x-ray tube ranges from
A:-0.5 to 1 mm Al.
B:-.001 to .01 mm lead
C:-.05 to 1 m lead
D:-2 to 4 mm Al
Ans: A
91:-The added filter used for the radiography of body part of uneven thickness is
A:-Heavy metal filters
B:-Inherent filtration
C:-Wedge filter
D:-None of the above
Ans: C
92:-The magnitude of scattered radiation during radiography depends on
A:-Energy of x-ray
B:-Field size
C:-Thickness of patient
D:-All of the above
Ans: D
93:-Grid ratio is the
A:-Ratio of the height of the lead strips to the width of the inter space material
B:-Number of lead strip lines per centimeter
C:-Ratio exposure with grid and without grid
D:-Ratio of contrast with and without grid
Ans: A
94:-Which of the following is a method of scatter reduction in radiography other than using grid ?
A:-Use of collimator
B:-Scanning slit
C:-Air gap method
D:-All of the above
Ans: D
95:-In spiral CT scanners
A:-No ring detectors
B:-Stationary x-ray tube
C:-Patient table stationary
D:-Patient table moving during scanning process
Ans: D
96:-A radiation detector not suitable for the use in CT scanner is
A:-Sodium Iodine Detector
B:-Bismuth Germanate Detector
C:-Fricke Detector
D:-Cadmium Tungstate
Ans: C
97:-Main advantage of fourth generation CT scanner is
A:-Less patient dose
B:-Elimination of ring artifact
C:-Less scattered radiation
D:-All of the above
Ans: B
98:-Qunatum mottle is due to
A:-Statistical fluctuation in the number of x-rays emitted from x-ray tube
B:-Patient motion
C:-Absorption of radiation by high density material
D:-Heterogeneous x-ray spectrum
Ans: A
99:-CT number of dense bone is
A:-+100
B:-+1000
C:-+55
D:-+35
Ans: B
100:-Ring of stationary detectors were introduced in
A:-First generation CT scanners
B:-Second generation CT scanners
C:-Third generation CT scanners
D:-Fourth generation CT scanners
Ans: D
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