PERFUSIONIST
PERFUSIONIST
1:-The minimum acceptable range of haematocrit on CPB is
A:-18-21%
B:-16-18%
C:-21-24%
D:-more than 25%
Ans: A
2:-When using a centrifugal pump one must always maintain ?
A:-forward flow and positive pressure
B:-forward flow and negative pressure
C:-forward flow at 4000 rpm
D:-forward flow except in RAP
Ans: A
3:-Which of the following is observed when an oxygenator begins to clot ?
A:-A low membrane pressure gradient
B:-High arterial line pressure
C:-High MAP
D:-High membrane pressure gradient
Ans: D
4:-To ensure proper communication with surgeon a perfusionist must always
A:-answer promptly
B:-repeat surgeons orders
C:-talk to anaesthesiologist
D:-document all orders
Ans: B
5:-The best method to monitor cerebral oxygen delivery is
A:-Cerebral oximetry
B:-Venous oxygen saturation
C:-Inline blood gas monitoring
D:-Arterial saturation monitor
Ans: A
6:-Which aortic cannula has embolism protection ?
A:-Embol
B:-Biomedicus
C:-EOPA
D:-Femflex
Ans: A
7:-Which of the following is not an indication for CABG ?
A:-LMCA disease more than 60%
B:-Proximal LAD disease
C:-Double vessel disease with normal LAD
D:-Triple vessel disease with low ejection fraction
Ans: C
8:-All are advantages of roller pump except
A:-Simple
B:-Low priming volume
C:-Afterload independent cardiac output
D:-Less cavitation if inflow occluded
Ans: D
9:-Venous drainage can be improved by all except
A:-Aortic cardiopplegia
B:-Surgeon adjusting venous cannuls
C:-Raising operating table
D:-Suction on venous reservoir
Ans: A
10:-Cardioplegia is administered into the main pulmonary artery in
A:-Aortic regurgitation
B:-Anomalous left coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery
C:-Patent ductus arteriosus
D:-Hypoplastic left heart
Ans: B
11:-Cardioplegia entering systemic circulation causes
A:-Reduced SVR
B:-Increased SVR
C:-No change in SVR
D:-None of the above
Ans: A
12:-Where are drugs administered in CPB ?
A:-Central venous line
B:-CPB circuit
C:-Cardioplegia circuit
D:-Arterial monitoring line
Ans: B
13:-The level of which of the following falls during CPB ?
A:-Calcium
B:-Magnesium
C:-Both of the above
D:-None of the above
Ans: C
14:-Oedema is caused by
A:-Decreased capillary pressure
B:-Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
C:-Decreased tissue colloid osmotic pressure
D:-Increase plasma oncotic pressure
Ans: B
15:-Vitamin K dependant clotting factors are all except
A:-II
B:-V
C:-VII
D:-X
Ans: B
16:-In a Waterston shunt the connection is between
A:-Aorta and MPA
B:-SVC and RPA
C:-Aorta and RPA
D:-Aorta and LPA
Ans: C
17:-All are types of VSD except
A:-Subaortic
B:-Subpulmonic
C:-Inlet
D:-Secondum
Ans: D
18:-In a proper IABP placement the tip is
A:-in ascending aorta
B:-just distal to left subclavian origin
C:-at aortic bifurcation
D:-in main pulmonary artery
Ans: B
19:-Retrograde cardioplegia is comtraindicated in
A:-Aortic regurgitation
B:-Aortopulomonary window
C:-Aortic stenosis
D:-Unroofed coronary sinus
Ans: D
20:-A one way valve placed in the arterial line is designed to prevent
A:-Forward flow
B:-Retrograde flow
C:-Sucking air from cannulation site
D:-Overpressurisation
Ans: B
A:-18-21%
B:-16-18%
C:-21-24%
D:-more than 25%
Ans: A
2:-When using a centrifugal pump one must always maintain ?
A:-forward flow and positive pressure
B:-forward flow and negative pressure
C:-forward flow at 4000 rpm
D:-forward flow except in RAP
Ans: A
3:-Which of the following is observed when an oxygenator begins to clot ?
A:-A low membrane pressure gradient
B:-High arterial line pressure
C:-High MAP
D:-High membrane pressure gradient
Ans: D
4:-To ensure proper communication with surgeon a perfusionist must always
A:-answer promptly
B:-repeat surgeons orders
C:-talk to anaesthesiologist
D:-document all orders
Ans: B
5:-The best method to monitor cerebral oxygen delivery is
A:-Cerebral oximetry
B:-Venous oxygen saturation
C:-Inline blood gas monitoring
D:-Arterial saturation monitor
Ans: A
6:-Which aortic cannula has embolism protection ?
A:-Embol
B:-Biomedicus
C:-EOPA
D:-Femflex
Ans: A
7:-Which of the following is not an indication for CABG ?
A:-LMCA disease more than 60%
B:-Proximal LAD disease
C:-Double vessel disease with normal LAD
D:-Triple vessel disease with low ejection fraction
Ans: C
8:-All are advantages of roller pump except
A:-Simple
B:-Low priming volume
C:-Afterload independent cardiac output
D:-Less cavitation if inflow occluded
Ans: D
9:-Venous drainage can be improved by all except
A:-Aortic cardiopplegia
B:-Surgeon adjusting venous cannuls
C:-Raising operating table
D:-Suction on venous reservoir
Ans: A
10:-Cardioplegia is administered into the main pulmonary artery in
A:-Aortic regurgitation
B:-Anomalous left coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery
C:-Patent ductus arteriosus
D:-Hypoplastic left heart
Ans: B
11:-Cardioplegia entering systemic circulation causes
A:-Reduced SVR
B:-Increased SVR
C:-No change in SVR
D:-None of the above
Ans: A
12:-Where are drugs administered in CPB ?
A:-Central venous line
B:-CPB circuit
C:-Cardioplegia circuit
D:-Arterial monitoring line
Ans: B
13:-The level of which of the following falls during CPB ?
A:-Calcium
B:-Magnesium
C:-Both of the above
D:-None of the above
Ans: C
14:-Oedema is caused by
A:-Decreased capillary pressure
B:-Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
C:-Decreased tissue colloid osmotic pressure
D:-Increase plasma oncotic pressure
Ans: B
15:-Vitamin K dependant clotting factors are all except
A:-II
B:-V
C:-VII
D:-X
Ans: B
16:-In a Waterston shunt the connection is between
A:-Aorta and MPA
B:-SVC and RPA
C:-Aorta and RPA
D:-Aorta and LPA
Ans: C
17:-All are types of VSD except
A:-Subaortic
B:-Subpulmonic
C:-Inlet
D:-Secondum
Ans: D
18:-In a proper IABP placement the tip is
A:-in ascending aorta
B:-just distal to left subclavian origin
C:-at aortic bifurcation
D:-in main pulmonary artery
Ans: B
19:-Retrograde cardioplegia is comtraindicated in
A:-Aortic regurgitation
B:-Aortopulomonary window
C:-Aortic stenosis
D:-Unroofed coronary sinus
Ans: D
20:-A one way valve placed in the arterial line is designed to prevent
A:-Forward flow
B:-Retrograde flow
C:-Sucking air from cannulation site
D:-Overpressurisation
Ans: B
21:-Which of the following does not reduce the inflammatory effects of cardiopulmonary bypass ?
A:-Red cell transfusion
B:-Biocompatible circuits
C:-Leucocyte filters
D:-Centrifugal Pumps
Ans: A
22:-The following are cardiac chambers except
A:-Right Atrium
B:-Right Ventricle
C:-Left Ventricle
D:-Left superior venacava
Ans: D
23:-The following are advantages of miniaturised circuits except
A:-Decreased transfusions
B:-Less air embolism
C:-Lower troponin release
D:-Less blood activation
Ans: B
24:-Active venous drainage may be done with all except
A:-Centrifugal pump
B:-Vacuum assist
C:-Roller pump
D:-Both A and B
Ans: C
25:-All of the following are common venting sites except
A:-Right superior pulmonary vein
B:-Root of aorta
C:-Pulmonary artery
D:-Right atrium
Ans: D
26:-The following are true of retrograde cardioplegia except
A:-Delivery rate is usually 200 ml/min
B:-Pressure should not exceed 40 mm Hg
C:-Provides good myocardial protection to the right ventricle
D:-Can be delivered continuously into the coronary sinus
Ans: C
27:-The pore size of an arterial filter is usally
A:-0.1 micrometre
B:-40 micrometer
C:-200 micrometer
D:-100 micrometre
Ans: B
28:-Intraaortic balloon pump uses
A:-Helium
B:-Carbon dioxide
C:-Nitrogen
D:-Any of the above
Ans: A
29:-The commonest cause of stroke on cardiopulmony bypass is
A:-Microembolism
B:-Air embolism
C:-Low perfusion pressure
D:-Events during cannulation and clamping
Ans: D
30:-In atherosclerotic aorta the best cannulation site is
A:-Ascending aorta
B:-Right innominate artery
C:-Right subclavian artery
D:-Femoral artery
Ans: C
31:-Distal ischemia during peripheral cannulation can be prevented by
A:-Using a large cannula
B:-Cannulating via a side arm graft
C:-Avoiding a separate distal perfusion cannula
D:-Looping and snaring the artery that is cannulated
Ans: B
32:-Mitral valve surgery commonly uses
A:-Bicaval cannulation
B:-Atriocaval cannulas
C:-Single atrial cannula
D:-Circulatory arrest
Ans: A
33:-All are true regarding Activated Clotting Time (ACT) except
A:-In offpump CABG ACT of 250 sec may be satisfactory
B:-Correlates better with heparin concentration than high dose thrombin time
C:-Usually measured 3 to 5 minutes after heparin administration
D:-Normally should be above 480 seconds on CPB
Ans: B
34:-Systemic flow rates at normothermia are usually
A:-1.5 ltr/min/`m^(2)`
B:-1.2 ltr/min/`m^(2)`
C:-2.4 ltr/min/`m^(2)`
D:-2.0 ltr/min/`m^(2)`
Ans: D
35:-All are true of retrograde autologous priming except
A:-Reduces haemodilutional effect of priming solution
B:-An alpha agonist is used
C:-Drainage of prime is from venous line
D:-Most useful in large and over weight patients
Ans: D
36:-Adequate tissue oxygen delivery is assessed by all except
A:-Residual nitrogen saturation
B:-Venous oxygen saturation
C:-Blood lactate levels
D:-Inline carbon dioxide monitoring
Ans: A
37:-All the following are used to combat low systemic vascular resisance except
A:-Terlipressin
B:-Phenylephrine
C:-Methylene blue
D:-Dobutamine
Ans: D
38:-Heart distension on bypass can produce all except
A:-Pulmonary barotrauma
B:-Ventricular cooling
C:-Myocardial fibre stretching
D:-Increased pulmonary artery pressures
Ans: B
39:-Cold hemagglutinin disease is
A:-Caused by lg G antibodies
B:-Occurs in about 2% of general population
C:-A cause of myocardial infarction
D:-Aggravated by hemodilution
Ans: C
40:-Indications for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest are all except
A:-Type A dissection
B:-Distal descending thoracic aneurysms
C:-IVC tumour resections
D:-Porcelian aorta
Ans: B
41:-Retrograde Cerebral perfusion is
A:-Administered at 500 ml/min
B:-Pressures upto 40 mm Hg are used
C:-Best for long procedures under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
D:-Effective in providing nutrition to the brain
Ans: A
42:-In PADCAB perfusion is provided to
A:-Right ventricle
B:-Cerebral circulation
C:-Coronary circulation
D:-Renal arteries
Ans: C
43:-All of the following in cardioplegia prevent cell damage except
A:-Aspartate
B:-Glutamate
C:-Calcium channel blockers
D:-CPD
Ans: C
44:-Controlled cross circulation was developed by
A:-Lillehei
B:-Gibbon
C:-Cohen
D:-De Wall
Ans: A
45:-Cardioplegia was first used by
A:-Martin
B:-Kirklin
C:-Drew
D:-Melrose
Ans: D
46:-The following factors influence venous drainage except
A:-Flow Characteristics
B:-Pressure applied to the venous reservoir
C:-Tip style of cannula
D:-None of the above
Ans: D
47:-Which size tubing is not commonly used in cardiopulmonary bypass
A:-1/4 inch
B:-3/8 inch
C:-3/16 inch
D:-1/8 inch
Ans: D
48:-Centrifugal pumps are all except
A:-more expensive
B:-afterload dependant
C:-Reduce priming volume
D:-Is non occlusive
Ans: C
49:-Ultrafiltration rates in continuous ultrafiltration are significantly affected by all except
A:-Oncotic pressures
B:-True membrane pressures
C:-Haematocrit
D:-Filter characteristics
Ans: A
50:-Carbogen is used in
A:-pH stat strategy
B:-Alpha stat strategy
C:-Both of the above
D:-None of the above
Ans: A
A:-Red cell transfusion
B:-Biocompatible circuits
C:-Leucocyte filters
D:-Centrifugal Pumps
Ans: A
22:-The following are cardiac chambers except
A:-Right Atrium
B:-Right Ventricle
C:-Left Ventricle
D:-Left superior venacava
Ans: D
23:-The following are advantages of miniaturised circuits except
A:-Decreased transfusions
B:-Less air embolism
C:-Lower troponin release
D:-Less blood activation
Ans: B
24:-Active venous drainage may be done with all except
A:-Centrifugal pump
B:-Vacuum assist
C:-Roller pump
D:-Both A and B
Ans: C
25:-All of the following are common venting sites except
A:-Right superior pulmonary vein
B:-Root of aorta
C:-Pulmonary artery
D:-Right atrium
Ans: D
26:-The following are true of retrograde cardioplegia except
A:-Delivery rate is usually 200 ml/min
B:-Pressure should not exceed 40 mm Hg
C:-Provides good myocardial protection to the right ventricle
D:-Can be delivered continuously into the coronary sinus
Ans: C
27:-The pore size of an arterial filter is usally
A:-0.1 micrometre
B:-40 micrometer
C:-200 micrometer
D:-100 micrometre
Ans: B
28:-Intraaortic balloon pump uses
A:-Helium
B:-Carbon dioxide
C:-Nitrogen
D:-Any of the above
Ans: A
29:-The commonest cause of stroke on cardiopulmony bypass is
A:-Microembolism
B:-Air embolism
C:-Low perfusion pressure
D:-Events during cannulation and clamping
Ans: D
30:-In atherosclerotic aorta the best cannulation site is
A:-Ascending aorta
B:-Right innominate artery
C:-Right subclavian artery
D:-Femoral artery
Ans: C
31:-Distal ischemia during peripheral cannulation can be prevented by
A:-Using a large cannula
B:-Cannulating via a side arm graft
C:-Avoiding a separate distal perfusion cannula
D:-Looping and snaring the artery that is cannulated
Ans: B
32:-Mitral valve surgery commonly uses
A:-Bicaval cannulation
B:-Atriocaval cannulas
C:-Single atrial cannula
D:-Circulatory arrest
Ans: A
33:-All are true regarding Activated Clotting Time (ACT) except
A:-In offpump CABG ACT of 250 sec may be satisfactory
B:-Correlates better with heparin concentration than high dose thrombin time
C:-Usually measured 3 to 5 minutes after heparin administration
D:-Normally should be above 480 seconds on CPB
Ans: B
34:-Systemic flow rates at normothermia are usually
A:-1.5 ltr/min/`m^(2)`
B:-1.2 ltr/min/`m^(2)`
C:-2.4 ltr/min/`m^(2)`
D:-2.0 ltr/min/`m^(2)`
Ans: D
35:-All are true of retrograde autologous priming except
A:-Reduces haemodilutional effect of priming solution
B:-An alpha agonist is used
C:-Drainage of prime is from venous line
D:-Most useful in large and over weight patients
Ans: D
36:-Adequate tissue oxygen delivery is assessed by all except
A:-Residual nitrogen saturation
B:-Venous oxygen saturation
C:-Blood lactate levels
D:-Inline carbon dioxide monitoring
Ans: A
37:-All the following are used to combat low systemic vascular resisance except
A:-Terlipressin
B:-Phenylephrine
C:-Methylene blue
D:-Dobutamine
Ans: D
38:-Heart distension on bypass can produce all except
A:-Pulmonary barotrauma
B:-Ventricular cooling
C:-Myocardial fibre stretching
D:-Increased pulmonary artery pressures
Ans: B
39:-Cold hemagglutinin disease is
A:-Caused by lg G antibodies
B:-Occurs in about 2% of general population
C:-A cause of myocardial infarction
D:-Aggravated by hemodilution
Ans: C
40:-Indications for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest are all except
A:-Type A dissection
B:-Distal descending thoracic aneurysms
C:-IVC tumour resections
D:-Porcelian aorta
Ans: B
41:-Retrograde Cerebral perfusion is
A:-Administered at 500 ml/min
B:-Pressures upto 40 mm Hg are used
C:-Best for long procedures under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
D:-Effective in providing nutrition to the brain
Ans: A
42:-In PADCAB perfusion is provided to
A:-Right ventricle
B:-Cerebral circulation
C:-Coronary circulation
D:-Renal arteries
Ans: C
43:-All of the following in cardioplegia prevent cell damage except
A:-Aspartate
B:-Glutamate
C:-Calcium channel blockers
D:-CPD
Ans: C
44:-Controlled cross circulation was developed by
A:-Lillehei
B:-Gibbon
C:-Cohen
D:-De Wall
Ans: A
45:-Cardioplegia was first used by
A:-Martin
B:-Kirklin
C:-Drew
D:-Melrose
Ans: D
46:-The following factors influence venous drainage except
A:-Flow Characteristics
B:-Pressure applied to the venous reservoir
C:-Tip style of cannula
D:-None of the above
Ans: D
47:-Which size tubing is not commonly used in cardiopulmonary bypass
A:-1/4 inch
B:-3/8 inch
C:-3/16 inch
D:-1/8 inch
Ans: D
48:-Centrifugal pumps are all except
A:-more expensive
B:-afterload dependant
C:-Reduce priming volume
D:-Is non occlusive
Ans: C
49:-Ultrafiltration rates in continuous ultrafiltration are significantly affected by all except
A:-Oncotic pressures
B:-True membrane pressures
C:-Haematocrit
D:-Filter characteristics
Ans: A
50:-Carbogen is used in
A:-pH stat strategy
B:-Alpha stat strategy
C:-Both of the above
D:-None of the above
Ans: A
51:-True membrane oxygenators use
A:-Polymethyl methacrylate
B:-Polypropylene
C:-Microporous polypropylene
D:-Silicone
Ans: D
52:-Protein denaturation occurs above
A:-40° C
B:-42° C
C:-38° C
D:-40.5° C
Ans: B
53:-Which oxygenator has the smallest priming volume ?
A:-Lilliput 1
B:-Lilliput 2
C:-Termo capiox baby Rx 05
D:-Terumo capiox Sx 10
Ans: C
54:-All are important buffers except
A:-Bicarbonate
B:-Phosphate
C:-Chloride
D:-Haemoglobin
Ans: C
55:-Ectotherm physiology is used in
A:-Alpha stat
B:-pH stat
C:-Hemodilution
D:-Rewarming
Ans: A
56:-All are advantages of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in children except
A:-Improved exposure
B:-Avoidance of multiple cannulas
C:-Better organ preservation
D:-Reduced oedema
Ans: C
57:-Advantages of iliac cannulation are all except
A:-Can be performed prior to surgery
B:-Easier dissection than femoral artery
C:-Larger cannula than femoral artery can be used
D:-Cannulation in a clean area
Ans: B
58:-Which valve is not normally tricuspid ?
A:-Aortic
B:-Mitral
C:-Tricuspid
D:-Pulmonary
Ans: B
59:-All are true of left superior venacave except
A:-Most commonly opens into the coronary sinus
B:-Runs anterior to the heart
C:-May be cannulated
D:-Does not cause volume overload of the heart
Ans: B
60:-Aortic cross clamping is done early in
A:-Significant aortic regurgitation
B:-Truncus arteriosus
C:-Aortopulmonary window
D:-All of the above
Ans: D
61:-The oxygenator initially used by Gibbon was a
A:-Bubble oxygenator
B:-Film oxygenator
C:-True membrane oxygenator
D:-Microfibre oxygenator
Ans: B
62:-Heparin was discovered by
A:-Bigelow
B:-De Bakey
C:-Lillehei
D:-McLean
Ans: D
63:-All the following changes happen on cardiopulmonary bypass except
A:-Increased ACTH in nopulsatile CPB
B:-Growth hormone increases
C:-Elevation of stress hormones
D:-Hyperglycemia
Ans: A
64:-Tissue oxygen delivery is easily measured by
A:-Mixed venous oxygen saturation
B:-2, 3 diphosphoglycerate
C:-Oxygen dissociation curve
D:-Catecholamine assay
Ans: A
65:-Heparin is safe as an anticoagulant for extracorporeal circulation beacause of
A:-Short duration for maximal action
B:-Long half life
C:-Absence of monitoring systems
D:-Platelet aggregation
Ans: A
66:-All are true of magnesium except
A:-It is a membrane stabiliser
B:-Stimulates catecholamine release
C:-Has important role in aerobic metabolism
D:-Helps maintain cellular integrity
Ans: B
67:-All are phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitors except
A:-Amrinone
B:-Milrinone
C:-Enoximone
D:-Dopexamine
Ans: D
68:-Which of the following increases cerebral emboli ?
A:-Arterial filter
B:-Cardiotomy
C:-Moderate hypothermia
D:-Alpha stat strategy
Ans: B
69:-Which of the following is a contraindication to early extubation ?
A:-Hemodynamic stability
B:-Minimal bleeding
C:-Hypothermia
D:-Neurological stability
Ans: C
70:-All are parts of a gas flow path except
A:-Scavenging facility
B:-Oxygenator
C:-Gas blender
D:-Heat exchanger
Ans: D
71:-All are sites of temperature measurement except
A:-Colon
B:-Tympanic membrane
C:-Bladder
D:-Oesophagus
Ans: A
72:-Heparin resistance is caused by all except
A:-Endocarditis
B:-Anthithrombin 3 deficiency
C:-Preoperative heparin therapy
D:-Obesity
Ans: D
73:-Alternate pathway of complement activation begins with
A:-`C_(1)`
B:-`C_(2)`
C:-`C_(3)`
D:-`C_(4)`
Ans: C
74:-Tissue oxygen consumption in pulsatile CPB when compared to non pulsatile is
A:-Less
B:-More
C:-Same
D:-Not known
Ans: B
75:-Hyperglycemia in CPB causes
A:-Favourable neurological outcome
B:-Adverse neurological outcome
C:-No significant change inneurological outcome
D:-None of the above
Ans: C
76:-Which of the following is a neuroprotective strategy ?
A:-Multiple cross clamping
B:-Vein grafts in CABG
C:-Aortic cannulation
D:-Hypothermia
Ans: D
77:-To avoid uneven cooling the gradient between water and blood should be less than
A:-10° C
B:-12° C
C:-14° C
D:-16° C
Ans: A
78:-Neutral human pH at temperature of 20° C is
A:-7.7
B:-7.4
C:-7.2
D:-7.5
Ans: A
79:-Which of the following is a myocardial protection strategy ?
A:-Systematic hypothermia
B:-Cardioplegic arrest
C:-Topical hypothermia
D:-All the above
Ans: D
A:-Polymethyl methacrylate
B:-Polypropylene
C:-Microporous polypropylene
D:-Silicone
Ans: D
52:-Protein denaturation occurs above
A:-40° C
B:-42° C
C:-38° C
D:-40.5° C
Ans: B
53:-Which oxygenator has the smallest priming volume ?
A:-Lilliput 1
B:-Lilliput 2
C:-Termo capiox baby Rx 05
D:-Terumo capiox Sx 10
Ans: C
54:-All are important buffers except
A:-Bicarbonate
B:-Phosphate
C:-Chloride
D:-Haemoglobin
Ans: C
55:-Ectotherm physiology is used in
A:-Alpha stat
B:-pH stat
C:-Hemodilution
D:-Rewarming
Ans: A
56:-All are advantages of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in children except
A:-Improved exposure
B:-Avoidance of multiple cannulas
C:-Better organ preservation
D:-Reduced oedema
Ans: C
57:-Advantages of iliac cannulation are all except
A:-Can be performed prior to surgery
B:-Easier dissection than femoral artery
C:-Larger cannula than femoral artery can be used
D:-Cannulation in a clean area
Ans: B
58:-Which valve is not normally tricuspid ?
A:-Aortic
B:-Mitral
C:-Tricuspid
D:-Pulmonary
Ans: B
59:-All are true of left superior venacave except
A:-Most commonly opens into the coronary sinus
B:-Runs anterior to the heart
C:-May be cannulated
D:-Does not cause volume overload of the heart
Ans: B
60:-Aortic cross clamping is done early in
A:-Significant aortic regurgitation
B:-Truncus arteriosus
C:-Aortopulmonary window
D:-All of the above
Ans: D
61:-The oxygenator initially used by Gibbon was a
A:-Bubble oxygenator
B:-Film oxygenator
C:-True membrane oxygenator
D:-Microfibre oxygenator
Ans: B
62:-Heparin was discovered by
A:-Bigelow
B:-De Bakey
C:-Lillehei
D:-McLean
Ans: D
63:-All the following changes happen on cardiopulmonary bypass except
A:-Increased ACTH in nopulsatile CPB
B:-Growth hormone increases
C:-Elevation of stress hormones
D:-Hyperglycemia
Ans: A
64:-Tissue oxygen delivery is easily measured by
A:-Mixed venous oxygen saturation
B:-2, 3 diphosphoglycerate
C:-Oxygen dissociation curve
D:-Catecholamine assay
Ans: A
65:-Heparin is safe as an anticoagulant for extracorporeal circulation beacause of
A:-Short duration for maximal action
B:-Long half life
C:-Absence of monitoring systems
D:-Platelet aggregation
Ans: A
66:-All are true of magnesium except
A:-It is a membrane stabiliser
B:-Stimulates catecholamine release
C:-Has important role in aerobic metabolism
D:-Helps maintain cellular integrity
Ans: B
67:-All are phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitors except
A:-Amrinone
B:-Milrinone
C:-Enoximone
D:-Dopexamine
Ans: D
68:-Which of the following increases cerebral emboli ?
A:-Arterial filter
B:-Cardiotomy
C:-Moderate hypothermia
D:-Alpha stat strategy
Ans: B
69:-Which of the following is a contraindication to early extubation ?
A:-Hemodynamic stability
B:-Minimal bleeding
C:-Hypothermia
D:-Neurological stability
Ans: C
70:-All are parts of a gas flow path except
A:-Scavenging facility
B:-Oxygenator
C:-Gas blender
D:-Heat exchanger
Ans: D
71:-All are sites of temperature measurement except
A:-Colon
B:-Tympanic membrane
C:-Bladder
D:-Oesophagus
Ans: A
72:-Heparin resistance is caused by all except
A:-Endocarditis
B:-Anthithrombin 3 deficiency
C:-Preoperative heparin therapy
D:-Obesity
Ans: D
73:-Alternate pathway of complement activation begins with
A:-`C_(1)`
B:-`C_(2)`
C:-`C_(3)`
D:-`C_(4)`
Ans: C
74:-Tissue oxygen consumption in pulsatile CPB when compared to non pulsatile is
A:-Less
B:-More
C:-Same
D:-Not known
Ans: B
75:-Hyperglycemia in CPB causes
A:-Favourable neurological outcome
B:-Adverse neurological outcome
C:-No significant change inneurological outcome
D:-None of the above
Ans: C
76:-Which of the following is a neuroprotective strategy ?
A:-Multiple cross clamping
B:-Vein grafts in CABG
C:-Aortic cannulation
D:-Hypothermia
Ans: D
77:-To avoid uneven cooling the gradient between water and blood should be less than
A:-10° C
B:-12° C
C:-14° C
D:-16° C
Ans: A
78:-Neutral human pH at temperature of 20° C is
A:-7.7
B:-7.4
C:-7.2
D:-7.5
Ans: A
79:-Which of the following is a myocardial protection strategy ?
A:-Systematic hypothermia
B:-Cardioplegic arrest
C:-Topical hypothermia
D:-All the above
Ans: D