MASS COMMUNICATION AND JOURNALISM-PAGE 3
MASS COMMUNICATION AND JOURNALISM MCQ-PAGE 3
1. Feelings of a communicator are labelled as
(A) Relational information
(B) Psychological information
(C) Personal information
(D) Social information
Ans: A
2. In digital mass communication, the audience is
(A) Large
(B) Passive
(C) Participatory
(D) Uncultured
Ans: C
3. The verbal code for communication is
(A) Visual cue (B) Picture
(C) Colour (D) Language
Ans: D
4. Use of language in mediated communication imposes a grid on
(A) Artificiality
(B) Textuality
(C) Reality
(D) Conformity
Ans: C
5. Colour television transmission in India started with
(A) Commonwealth Games
(B) SAARC sports
(C) Asiad
(D) World Cup Cricket
Ans: C
6. Verbal Communication is
(A) Continuous
(B) Discontinuous
(C) Partial
(D) Untimely
Ans: B
7. In terms of ethical practices, the concept of Golden mean was advocated by
(A) Socrates (B) Homer
(C) Plato (D) Aristotle
Ans: D
8. The first ombudsman for any newspaper in the world was appointed in
(A) Sweden
(B) Japan
(C) Austria
(D) Great Britain
Ans: B
9. In libertarian philosophy, private ownership of the property is provided by
(A) Constitutional law
(B) Judicial law
(C) Legislative law
(D) Civic law
Ans: A
10. Which of the following is not a type of sound effect ?
(A) Fadel
(B) Contextual
(C) Descriptive
(D) Commentative
Ans: A
11. Under the working Journalists Act of 1958, the central government, for working journalists, can constitute a
(A) Wage committee
(B) Labour commission
(C) Select panel
(D) Wage board
Ans: D
12. Layer by layer developmental communication is identified as
(A) Developmental convergence
(B) Developmental onion
(C) Developmental roll
(D) Developmental scape
Ans: B
13. When a population is studied, any inconsistency produced by the instrument used will result in
(A) Sampling error
(B) Measurement error
(C) Instrumentation error
(D) Data error
Ans: B
14. A method of credibility in qualitative research is
(A) Test-retest
(B) Split run
(C) Split half
(D) Audit trail
Ans: D
15. In quantitative research, the questions are
(A) General
(B) Abstract
(C) Ambiguous
(D) Standardised
Ans: D
16. Multi-stage sampling is a type of
(A) Cluster sampling
(B) Random sampling
(C) Accidental sampling
(D) Innovative sampling
Ans: A
17. Mistake in news reading is known as
(A) Fluff
(B) Foot in the door
(C) Ident
(D) Lift
Ans: A
18. Daniel Boorstin coined the term
(A) Greenpeace
(B) Pseudo-event
(C) Images
(D) Jackpot
Ans: B
19. The number of readers who can recall of seeing advertisement is referred to as
(A) Net recall
(B) Gross recall
(C) Noting score
(D) Recall score
Ans: C
20. Selective presentation of facts and quotes in supports of certain opinions is referred to as
(A) Cherry picking
(B) Time craft
(C) Propaganda
(D) Selective publicity
Ans: A
21. When colours in an advertisement are not harmonious, it is identified as
(A) Non-structured
(B) Parallel colouring
(C) Marginal colouring
(D) Out of register
Ans: D
22. The first page of pullout is known as
(A) Second front page
(B) Pullout page
(C) Sectional page
(D) Front section
Ans: C
23. Hard news is mostly
(A) Spot news
(B) Society news
(C) Entertainment news
(D) Filler news
Ans: A
(A) Relational information
(B) Psychological information
(C) Personal information
(D) Social information
Ans: A
2. In digital mass communication, the audience is
(A) Large
(B) Passive
(C) Participatory
(D) Uncultured
Ans: C
3. The verbal code for communication is
(A) Visual cue (B) Picture
(C) Colour (D) Language
Ans: D
4. Use of language in mediated communication imposes a grid on
(A) Artificiality
(B) Textuality
(C) Reality
(D) Conformity
Ans: C
5. Colour television transmission in India started with
(A) Commonwealth Games
(B) SAARC sports
(C) Asiad
(D) World Cup Cricket
Ans: C
6. Verbal Communication is
(A) Continuous
(B) Discontinuous
(C) Partial
(D) Untimely
Ans: B
7. In terms of ethical practices, the concept of Golden mean was advocated by
(A) Socrates (B) Homer
(C) Plato (D) Aristotle
Ans: D
8. The first ombudsman for any newspaper in the world was appointed in
(A) Sweden
(B) Japan
(C) Austria
(D) Great Britain
Ans: B
9. In libertarian philosophy, private ownership of the property is provided by
(A) Constitutional law
(B) Judicial law
(C) Legislative law
(D) Civic law
Ans: A
10. Which of the following is not a type of sound effect ?
(A) Fadel
(B) Contextual
(C) Descriptive
(D) Commentative
Ans: A
11. Under the working Journalists Act of 1958, the central government, for working journalists, can constitute a
(A) Wage committee
(B) Labour commission
(C) Select panel
(D) Wage board
Ans: D
12. Layer by layer developmental communication is identified as
(A) Developmental convergence
(B) Developmental onion
(C) Developmental roll
(D) Developmental scape
Ans: B
13. When a population is studied, any inconsistency produced by the instrument used will result in
(A) Sampling error
(B) Measurement error
(C) Instrumentation error
(D) Data error
Ans: B
14. A method of credibility in qualitative research is
(A) Test-retest
(B) Split run
(C) Split half
(D) Audit trail
Ans: D
15. In quantitative research, the questions are
(A) General
(B) Abstract
(C) Ambiguous
(D) Standardised
Ans: D
16. Multi-stage sampling is a type of
(A) Cluster sampling
(B) Random sampling
(C) Accidental sampling
(D) Innovative sampling
Ans: A
17. Mistake in news reading is known as
(A) Fluff
(B) Foot in the door
(C) Ident
(D) Lift
Ans: A
18. Daniel Boorstin coined the term
(A) Greenpeace
(B) Pseudo-event
(C) Images
(D) Jackpot
Ans: B
19. The number of readers who can recall of seeing advertisement is referred to as
(A) Net recall
(B) Gross recall
(C) Noting score
(D) Recall score
Ans: C
20. Selective presentation of facts and quotes in supports of certain opinions is referred to as
(A) Cherry picking
(B) Time craft
(C) Propaganda
(D) Selective publicity
Ans: A
21. When colours in an advertisement are not harmonious, it is identified as
(A) Non-structured
(B) Parallel colouring
(C) Marginal colouring
(D) Out of register
Ans: D
22. The first page of pullout is known as
(A) Second front page
(B) Pullout page
(C) Sectional page
(D) Front section
Ans: C
23. Hard news is mostly
(A) Spot news
(B) Society news
(C) Entertainment news
(D) Filler news
Ans: A
24. _________ is a headline composed of a single line.
(A) Credit line
(B) Cut line
(C) Catch line
(D) Cross line
Ans: D
25. A line of dots in printing is identified as
(A) Kicker spots
(B) Disjoints
(C) Leaders
(D) Dotline
Ans: C
26. Cloze is a method of
(A) Editing
(B) Captioning
(C) Readability
(D) Ending
Ans: C
27. A rough-surfaced paper stock that looks like hand made paper is known as
(A) Rough stock
(B) Antique
(C) Art
(D) Binder
Ans: B
28. Another name for filler copy is
(A) Casual copy
(B) Time copy
(C) Hard copy
(D) Slug copy
Ans: B
29. The IMAX projection system uses _________ screen.
(A) Small
(B) Over-sized
(C) Vertical
(D) Horizontal
Ans: B
30. If a newspaper is of 600 × 380 mm, it is known as of _________
(A) Tabloid size
(B) Standard size
(C) Broadsheet size
(D) Non-standard size
Ans: C
31. Assertion (A) : Time has come to legalise lobbying in India by enacting a separate statute.
Reason (R) : We have adopted all corporate practices of the United States and it is in fitness of things that we even accept the American model of governance.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: C
32. Assertion (A) : The working Journalists Act of 1958 has been nullified by the large newspaper houses.
Reason (R) : The corporate practice of contracts and packages, resorted to by large newspaper has made it ineffective.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
(A) Credit line
(B) Cut line
(C) Catch line
(D) Cross line
Ans: D
25. A line of dots in printing is identified as
(A) Kicker spots
(B) Disjoints
(C) Leaders
(D) Dotline
Ans: C
26. Cloze is a method of
(A) Editing
(B) Captioning
(C) Readability
(D) Ending
Ans: C
27. A rough-surfaced paper stock that looks like hand made paper is known as
(A) Rough stock
(B) Antique
(C) Art
(D) Binder
Ans: B
28. Another name for filler copy is
(A) Casual copy
(B) Time copy
(C) Hard copy
(D) Slug copy
Ans: B
29. The IMAX projection system uses _________ screen.
(A) Small
(B) Over-sized
(C) Vertical
(D) Horizontal
Ans: B
30. If a newspaper is of 600 × 380 mm, it is known as of _________
(A) Tabloid size
(B) Standard size
(C) Broadsheet size
(D) Non-standard size
Ans: C
31. Assertion (A) : Time has come to legalise lobbying in India by enacting a separate statute.
Reason (R) : We have adopted all corporate practices of the United States and it is in fitness of things that we even accept the American model of governance.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: C
32. Assertion (A) : The working Journalists Act of 1958 has been nullified by the large newspaper houses.
Reason (R) : The corporate practice of contracts and packages, resorted to by large newspaper has made it ineffective.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
33. Assertion (A) : Prior consent is necessary from participants in a research project to film, tape or record in any form.
Reason (R) : Research is always confidential and secretive, and hence any revelation will harm the objectives of research.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: C
34. Assertion (A) : The concepts of reliability and validity have different contextual meanings for qualitative data.
Reason (R) : Over a period of time, the behaviour and perception of people change.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
35. Assertion (A) : The Union Government should never enact a legislation to control social media networks.
Reason (R) : The social media sites have posed a great danger to national security and sovereignty by becoming vehicles of anti-national
propaganda.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: C
36. Identify the correct sequence of the following media related statutes :
(A) The working Journalists Act, the Copyright Act, the Contempt of Court Act, the Criminal Procedure Code.
(B) The Copyright Act, the contempt of Courts Act, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Working Journalists Act.
(C) The Contempt of Courts Act, the Working Journalist Act, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Copyright Act
(D) The Criminal Procedure Code, the Working Journalists Act, the Contempt of Courts Act, the Copyright Act
Ans: A
37. Identify the correct sequence of dimensions of customer service a PR professional should be aware of
(A) Reliability, Tangibles, Responsiveness, Confidence
(B) Tangibles, Confidence, Reliability, Responsiveness
(C) Confidence, Reliability, Responsiveness, Tangibles
(D) Responsiveness, Confidence, Tangibles, Reliability
Ans: A
38. Identify the order of distance zones in relation to body language
(A) Personal zone, Intimate zone, Public zone, Social zone
(B) Social zone, Personal zone, Public zone, Intimate zone
(C) Intimate zone, Personal zone, Social zone, Public zone
(D) Public zone, Personal zone, Intimate zone, Social zone
Ans: C
Reason (R) : Research is always confidential and secretive, and hence any revelation will harm the objectives of research.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: C
34. Assertion (A) : The concepts of reliability and validity have different contextual meanings for qualitative data.
Reason (R) : Over a period of time, the behaviour and perception of people change.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: A
35. Assertion (A) : The Union Government should never enact a legislation to control social media networks.
Reason (R) : The social media sites have posed a great danger to national security and sovereignty by becoming vehicles of anti-national
propaganda.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: C
36. Identify the correct sequence of the following media related statutes :
(A) The working Journalists Act, the Copyright Act, the Contempt of Court Act, the Criminal Procedure Code.
(B) The Copyright Act, the contempt of Courts Act, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Working Journalists Act.
(C) The Contempt of Courts Act, the Working Journalist Act, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Copyright Act
(D) The Criminal Procedure Code, the Working Journalists Act, the Contempt of Courts Act, the Copyright Act
Ans: A
37. Identify the correct sequence of dimensions of customer service a PR professional should be aware of
(A) Reliability, Tangibles, Responsiveness, Confidence
(B) Tangibles, Confidence, Reliability, Responsiveness
(C) Confidence, Reliability, Responsiveness, Tangibles
(D) Responsiveness, Confidence, Tangibles, Reliability
Ans: A
38. Identify the order of distance zones in relation to body language
(A) Personal zone, Intimate zone, Public zone, Social zone
(B) Social zone, Personal zone, Public zone, Intimate zone
(C) Intimate zone, Personal zone, Social zone, Public zone
(D) Public zone, Personal zone, Intimate zone, Social zone
Ans: C
39. Identify the correct chronological order of international radio stations that where launched :
(A) BBC – voice of America –Radio Moscow – United Nations Radio
(B) BBC – United Nations Radio – Voice of America – Radio Moscow
(C) BBC – Radio Moscow – Voice of America – United Nations Radio
(D) BBC – Radio Moscow –United Nations Radio – Voice of America
Ans: C
40. Identify the correct chronological sequence of the following newspaper which were launched during freedom movement :
(A) Digdarshan – Bangadoota –Samachar Darpan – Samvad Kaumudi
(B) Bangadoota – Digdarshan – Samachar Darpan – Samvad Kaumudi
(C) Samvad Kaumudi – Bangadoota – Samachar Darpan – Digdarshan
(D) Digdarshan – Samachar Darpan – Samvad Kaumudi – Bangadoota
Ans: D
41. Identify the correct sequence of phases of communication process :
(A) Level of acceptance, understanding, reception, transmission of cognitive data
(B) Understanding, level of acceptance, transmission of cognitive data, reception
(C) Reception, understanding, level of acceptance, transmission of cognitive data
(D) Transmission of cognitive data, reception, understanding, level of acceptance
Ans: D
42. Match List – I and List – II :
List – I (Channel) List – II (Satellite)
a. Star TV 1. ASIASAT-I
b. MTV 2. INTELSAT-703
c. ASIANET 3. PANAM SAT-4
d. ETV 4. INTELSAT-704
Codes :
a b c d
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 1 3 2 4
(C) 3 2 1 4
(D) 4 1 3 2
Ans: B
43. Match List – I and List – II :
List – I (Director) List – II (Film)
a. Mani Kaul 1. Akrosh
b. Kumar Shahni 2. Tarang
c. Govind Nihalani 3. Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro
d. Saeed Mirza 4. Uski Roti
Codes :
a b c d
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 2 3 1 4
(C) 4 2 1 3
(D) 3 4 1 2
Ans: C
(A) BBC – voice of America –Radio Moscow – United Nations Radio
(B) BBC – United Nations Radio – Voice of America – Radio Moscow
(C) BBC – Radio Moscow – Voice of America – United Nations Radio
(D) BBC – Radio Moscow –United Nations Radio – Voice of America
Ans: C
40. Identify the correct chronological sequence of the following newspaper which were launched during freedom movement :
(A) Digdarshan – Bangadoota –Samachar Darpan – Samvad Kaumudi
(B) Bangadoota – Digdarshan – Samachar Darpan – Samvad Kaumudi
(C) Samvad Kaumudi – Bangadoota – Samachar Darpan – Digdarshan
(D) Digdarshan – Samachar Darpan – Samvad Kaumudi – Bangadoota
Ans: D
41. Identify the correct sequence of phases of communication process :
(A) Level of acceptance, understanding, reception, transmission of cognitive data
(B) Understanding, level of acceptance, transmission of cognitive data, reception
(C) Reception, understanding, level of acceptance, transmission of cognitive data
(D) Transmission of cognitive data, reception, understanding, level of acceptance
Ans: D
42. Match List – I and List – II :
List – I (Channel) List – II (Satellite)
a. Star TV 1. ASIASAT-I
b. MTV 2. INTELSAT-703
c. ASIANET 3. PANAM SAT-4
d. ETV 4. INTELSAT-704
Codes :
a b c d
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 1 3 2 4
(C) 3 2 1 4
(D) 4 1 3 2
Ans: B
43. Match List – I and List – II :
List – I (Director) List – II (Film)
a. Mani Kaul 1. Akrosh
b. Kumar Shahni 2. Tarang
c. Govind Nihalani 3. Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro
d. Saeed Mirza 4. Uski Roti
Codes :
a b c d
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 2 3 1 4
(C) 4 2 1 3
(D) 3 4 1 2
Ans: C
44. Match List – I with List – II :
List – I (Newspaper) List – II (Country of Publication)
a. The Daily Express 1. Malaysia/Singapore
b. Bild 2. Canada
c. The International Herald Tribune 3. Great Britain
d. The Straits Times 4. Germany
Codes :
a b c d
(A) 3 4 2 1
(B) 4 1 3 2
(C) 2 3 1 4
(D) 1 4 2 3
Ans: A
45. Match the List – I with List – II :
List – I (Concept) List – II (Description)
a. Alternative Media 1. Measuring media use
b. Media aesthetics 2. Non-mainstream media
c. Media Consumption 3. Design and analysis of visual and audio-visual materials
d. Media Literacy 4. Competence in using media devices
Codes :
a b c d
(A) 4 3 2 1
(B) 1 4 3 2
(C) 2 3 1 4
(D) 3 2 4 1
Ans: C
Read the following passage and answer Questions Nos. 46 to 50.
Priming refers to the effect of some preceding stimulus or event on how we react, broadly defined, to some subsequent stimulus. As applied to the media, priming refers to the effects of the content of the media on people’s later behaviour of judgments related to the content. The ubiquitous nature of the media in our lives makes it a powerful tool for priming how we think and behave. Perhaps because of its nature, few media scholars have questioned whether media priming exists. However, there are few direct, empirical studies of its existence or of the conditions under which it occurs. For a study to be a direct test of media priming, a control condition must be included in the design. A control condition could be as simple as a condition in which no media prime is presented before measuring relevant thoughts or behaviours. A recent metaanalysis of the media priming literature, using a loose definition of media, found only 42 published studies with sufficient control conditions. Representative studies from these domains are described below to verify the existence of media priming and to highlight the kinds of results that need to be explained by theories of media priming. Josephson in 1987 investigated the priming effects of violent media on children’s behaviour. In this study, Josephson gathered measures of young boys’ trait aggression from their teachers. The boys saw either a violent or a non-violent television program, each of comparable excitement, likeability and enjoyment
value.
List – I (Newspaper) List – II (Country of Publication)
a. The Daily Express 1. Malaysia/Singapore
b. Bild 2. Canada
c. The International Herald Tribune 3. Great Britain
d. The Straits Times 4. Germany
Codes :
a b c d
(A) 3 4 2 1
(B) 4 1 3 2
(C) 2 3 1 4
(D) 1 4 2 3
Ans: A
45. Match the List – I with List – II :
List – I (Concept) List – II (Description)
a. Alternative Media 1. Measuring media use
b. Media aesthetics 2. Non-mainstream media
c. Media Consumption 3. Design and analysis of visual and audio-visual materials
d. Media Literacy 4. Competence in using media devices
Codes :
a b c d
(A) 4 3 2 1
(B) 1 4 3 2
(C) 2 3 1 4
(D) 3 2 4 1
Ans: C
Read the following passage and answer Questions Nos. 46 to 50.
Priming refers to the effect of some preceding stimulus or event on how we react, broadly defined, to some subsequent stimulus. As applied to the media, priming refers to the effects of the content of the media on people’s later behaviour of judgments related to the content. The ubiquitous nature of the media in our lives makes it a powerful tool for priming how we think and behave. Perhaps because of its nature, few media scholars have questioned whether media priming exists. However, there are few direct, empirical studies of its existence or of the conditions under which it occurs. For a study to be a direct test of media priming, a control condition must be included in the design. A control condition could be as simple as a condition in which no media prime is presented before measuring relevant thoughts or behaviours. A recent metaanalysis of the media priming literature, using a loose definition of media, found only 42 published studies with sufficient control conditions. Representative studies from these domains are described below to verify the existence of media priming and to highlight the kinds of results that need to be explained by theories of media priming. Josephson in 1987 investigated the priming effects of violent media on children’s behaviour. In this study, Josephson gathered measures of young boys’ trait aggression from their teachers. The boys saw either a violent or a non-violent television program, each of comparable excitement, likeability and enjoyment
value.
The violent segment contained recurring images of walkie-talkies, whereas the nonviolent program contained no walkietalkies. The walkie-talkies served as a cue for the violent television program, but not for the non-violent program. Either before or after the television program, half the boys saw a 30 second non-violent cartoon segment that had been edited to become increasingly static-ridden, eventually worsening to “snow”. This cartoon segment was meant to frustrate the young viewers with its apparent technical malfunction. After viewing their assigned programs, the boys were mock interviewed and then sent to the school gymnasium to play floor hockey. For the mock interview, either a walkie-talkie or a microphone was used. In this way, half of the boys were exposed to the violence-related cue and half were not. The boys then took turns playing hockey and were observed both on and off the court for signs of aggressive behaviour, such as pushing other boys down, hitting other players with the hockey stick, or calling other boys abusive names. After three periods, each for 3 minutes to play, the boys were returned to the teachers. Josephson found that violent television viewing primed boys who were high in trait aggressiveness to act more violently during initial sports activity (i.e. During the first period of play). This effect was heightened both when violent programming was coupled with the violence-related cue and when violent programming was followed by frustration. However, this priming effect appeared to lessen with time, because violent programming and cues did not influence aggression in the later periods of play as strongly as in the initial period of play.
46. What does media priming refer ?
(A) Effect of media on subsequent stimulus
(B) Media content effect on people’s later behaviour
(C) How we think and behave
(D) No effect on people
Ans: B
47. How can media priming be tested ?
(A) Refer to conditions
(B) Examining empirical studies
(C) Control conditions in a research design
(D) Questioning priming effects
Ans: B
48. How were control conditions in research designs verified ?
(A) Meta-analysis of media priming literature
(B) By giving loose definitions
(C) Theories of media priming
(D) One empirical study
Ans: A
49. How did Josephson’s verify the effect of violent programmes on youth ?
(A) By sending boys to a hockey play
(B) By giving boys a Walkie-talkie
(C) By conducting an experimental study
(D) By mock interviews
Ans: C
50. What was the important finding of Josephson’s study ?
(A) Conducting an experiment with school children
(B) Priming effect would reduce with time
(C) Violent television effect on boys
(D) Walkie-talkie effect on boys
Ans: B
46. What does media priming refer ?
(A) Effect of media on subsequent stimulus
(B) Media content effect on people’s later behaviour
(C) How we think and behave
(D) No effect on people
Ans: B
47. How can media priming be tested ?
(A) Refer to conditions
(B) Examining empirical studies
(C) Control conditions in a research design
(D) Questioning priming effects
Ans: B
48. How were control conditions in research designs verified ?
(A) Meta-analysis of media priming literature
(B) By giving loose definitions
(C) Theories of media priming
(D) One empirical study
Ans: A
49. How did Josephson’s verify the effect of violent programmes on youth ?
(A) By sending boys to a hockey play
(B) By giving boys a Walkie-talkie
(C) By conducting an experimental study
(D) By mock interviews
Ans: C
50. What was the important finding of Josephson’s study ?
(A) Conducting an experiment with school children
(B) Priming effect would reduce with time
(C) Violent television effect on boys
(D) Walkie-talkie effect on boys
Ans: B
51. In cultivation analysis, when viewers identify the television contents with their daily events, this phenomenon is known as :
(1) Redundancy (2) Cultural cues
(3) Proxy (4) Resonance
Ans: 4
52. The post-modernist media studies hinge on :
(1) Collectivism (2) Religious leadership
(3) Inspirational illusions (4) Aesthetic politics
Ans: 4
53. Media audiences respond selectively to the media due to their own interpretation of ________ of their daily life.
(1) Social discourses (2) Creative production
(3) Unwanted innovations (4) Unclear conformities
Ans: 1
54. Critical theories of mass communication are ________ in character.
(1) Political (2) Insignificant (3) Symbolic (4) Iconic
Ans: 1
55. The Vernacular Press Act 1878 was also called as :
(1) Lytton’s Act (2) Gagging Act
(3) Full control law (4) Coercive control law
Ans: 2
56. The operation of Article 19 of the Indian constitution can be suspended under :
(1) Article 358 (2) Article 372 (3) Article 378 (4) Article 387
Ans: 1
57. The International Federation of Journalists is based in :
(1) Amsterdam (2) Frankfurt (3) Brussels (4) Vienna
Ans: 3
58. For Jan Servaes, cultural diversity belongs to the cluster of :
(1) Normative concepts (2) Contextual concepts
(3) Strategic concepts (4) Advocacy concepts
Ans: 2
59. The element of compensatory rivalry usually happens with :
(1) The researcher (2) The control group
(3) The experimental group (4) The staticians
Ans: 2
60. External validity can be achieved through :
(1) Random samples (2) Intervening variables
(3) Concealing errors (4) Small samples
Ans: 1
61. Equal appearing intervals are a characteristic of :
(1) Likert scale (2) Arbitrary scale
(3) Thurstone scale (4) Cumulative scale
Ans: 3
62. The reactions of respondents to experimental situations are identified as :
(1) Varied response (2) Control variables
(3) Demand characteristics (4) Natural recall
Ans: 3
(1) Redundancy (2) Cultural cues
(3) Proxy (4) Resonance
Ans: 4
52. The post-modernist media studies hinge on :
(1) Collectivism (2) Religious leadership
(3) Inspirational illusions (4) Aesthetic politics
Ans: 4
53. Media audiences respond selectively to the media due to their own interpretation of ________ of their daily life.
(1) Social discourses (2) Creative production
(3) Unwanted innovations (4) Unclear conformities
Ans: 1
54. Critical theories of mass communication are ________ in character.
(1) Political (2) Insignificant (3) Symbolic (4) Iconic
Ans: 1
55. The Vernacular Press Act 1878 was also called as :
(1) Lytton’s Act (2) Gagging Act
(3) Full control law (4) Coercive control law
Ans: 2
56. The operation of Article 19 of the Indian constitution can be suspended under :
(1) Article 358 (2) Article 372 (3) Article 378 (4) Article 387
Ans: 1
57. The International Federation of Journalists is based in :
(1) Amsterdam (2) Frankfurt (3) Brussels (4) Vienna
Ans: 3
58. For Jan Servaes, cultural diversity belongs to the cluster of :
(1) Normative concepts (2) Contextual concepts
(3) Strategic concepts (4) Advocacy concepts
Ans: 2
59. The element of compensatory rivalry usually happens with :
(1) The researcher (2) The control group
(3) The experimental group (4) The staticians
Ans: 2
60. External validity can be achieved through :
(1) Random samples (2) Intervening variables
(3) Concealing errors (4) Small samples
Ans: 1
61. Equal appearing intervals are a characteristic of :
(1) Likert scale (2) Arbitrary scale
(3) Thurstone scale (4) Cumulative scale
Ans: 3
62. The reactions of respondents to experimental situations are identified as :
(1) Varied response (2) Control variables
(3) Demand characteristics (4) Natural recall
Ans: 3
63. The audience fragmentation has increased the demand for :
(1) Trend studies (2) One - shot studies
(3) Historical studies (4) Consultative studies
Ans: 1
64. The people’s meter used by Nielsen Media Research records :
(1) TV commercials
(2) The programmes watched by people during sweeps
(3) The programmes watched by people at specific times
(4) The names of people in households who participate in Nielsen ratings
Ans: 2
65. The issue of content management has to do with :
(1) The movie industry controlling the content and subject matter of films
(2) The movie industry’s desire that the films be broadcast on TV at the highest quality possible
(3) The movie industry’s attempt to have copy protection on movies that are broadcast
(4) The movement on the part of the consumer to have good content in all TV broadcasts
Ans: 3
66. Electronic flash memory data storage device used for storing digital information :
(1) Tripod (2) Flash card (3) Flash Drive (4) Memory card
Ans: 4
67. __________ is used to protect private information stored in computers.
(1) Professional (2) Puller (3) Phisher (4) Firewall
Ans: 4
68. Which is the parent company of Google ?
(1) Alphabet (2) Oracle (3) Dell (4) Microsoft
Ans: 1
69. The film that has won Oscar Award for 2017 is :
(1) La La Land (2) Moonlight (3) Hidden figure (4) Lion
Ans: 2
(1) Trend studies (2) One - shot studies
(3) Historical studies (4) Consultative studies
Ans: 1
64. The people’s meter used by Nielsen Media Research records :
(1) TV commercials
(2) The programmes watched by people during sweeps
(3) The programmes watched by people at specific times
(4) The names of people in households who participate in Nielsen ratings
Ans: 2
65. The issue of content management has to do with :
(1) The movie industry controlling the content and subject matter of films
(2) The movie industry’s desire that the films be broadcast on TV at the highest quality possible
(3) The movie industry’s attempt to have copy protection on movies that are broadcast
(4) The movement on the part of the consumer to have good content in all TV broadcasts
Ans: 3
66. Electronic flash memory data storage device used for storing digital information :
(1) Tripod (2) Flash card (3) Flash Drive (4) Memory card
Ans: 4
67. __________ is used to protect private information stored in computers.
(1) Professional (2) Puller (3) Phisher (4) Firewall
Ans: 4
68. Which is the parent company of Google ?
(1) Alphabet (2) Oracle (3) Dell (4) Microsoft
Ans: 1
69. The film that has won Oscar Award for 2017 is :
(1) La La Land (2) Moonlight (3) Hidden figure (4) Lion
Ans: 2
70. Grid card is related to :
(1) Broadcast media (2) Newspapers
(3) Outdoor media (4) Magazines
Ans: 1
71. Sirius is a/an :
(1) Internet radio (2) Satellite radio
(3) Internet streamer (4) Satellite TV station
Ans: 2
72. A time period that precedes or follows prime time on television is identified as :
(1) Stage time (2) Trial time (3) Adjacent time (4) Fringe time
Ans: 4
73. The media that has been facing decline in advertising revenue in the Western world is :
(1) Newspaper industry (2) Radio
(3) Television (4) Google
Ans: 1
74. The ABC’s(India) digital measurement service is supported by :
(1) Arbitron (2) Gallup (3) Harris (4) A.C. Nielsen
Ans: 4
75. In the commercial world, Public Relations and Advertising are associated with :
(1) Propaganda (2) Marketing (3) Diplomacy (4) Secret service
Ans: 2
76. Cover×frequency will lead to :
(1) Hard facts (2) Direct exposure
(3) Gross rating points (4) Tie - in
Ans: 3
77. According to Lang and Lang, when individual opinions merge into public opinion, the model that emerges is :
(1) Collective dynamics (2) Hot public opinion
(3) Public opinion mainstreaming (4) Collateralisation
Ans: 1
78. The First World Assembly of Public Relations Associations was held in :
(1) Mexico city (2) New York (3) London (4) Tokyo
Ans: 1
(1) Broadcast media (2) Newspapers
(3) Outdoor media (4) Magazines
Ans: 1
71. Sirius is a/an :
(1) Internet radio (2) Satellite radio
(3) Internet streamer (4) Satellite TV station
Ans: 2
72. A time period that precedes or follows prime time on television is identified as :
(1) Stage time (2) Trial time (3) Adjacent time (4) Fringe time
Ans: 4
73. The media that has been facing decline in advertising revenue in the Western world is :
(1) Newspaper industry (2) Radio
(3) Television (4) Google
Ans: 1
74. The ABC’s(India) digital measurement service is supported by :
(1) Arbitron (2) Gallup (3) Harris (4) A.C. Nielsen
Ans: 4
75. In the commercial world, Public Relations and Advertising are associated with :
(1) Propaganda (2) Marketing (3) Diplomacy (4) Secret service
Ans: 2
76. Cover×frequency will lead to :
(1) Hard facts (2) Direct exposure
(3) Gross rating points (4) Tie - in
Ans: 3
77. According to Lang and Lang, when individual opinions merge into public opinion, the model that emerges is :
(1) Collective dynamics (2) Hot public opinion
(3) Public opinion mainstreaming (4) Collateralisation
Ans: 1
78. The First World Assembly of Public Relations Associations was held in :
(1) Mexico city (2) New York (3) London (4) Tokyo
Ans: 1
79. Banner advertisement is a type of :
(1) Outdoor Advertising (2) Interactive Advertising
(3) Corporate Advertising (4) Paid Advertising
Ans: 2
80. Bipolar objectives are used in :
(1) Likert scale (2) Thurstone scale
(3) Gutman scale (4) Semantic differential
Ans: 1
81. Social marketing theory is essentially ________.
(1) Content - dominated (2) Source - dominated
(3) Receiver - dominated (4) Channel - dominated
Ans: 2
82. _________ refers to the number of billboards used for an advertisement.
(1) Cumes (2) Counter boards (3) Facings (4) Deckers
Ans: 3
83. Who commands higher advertising prices globally for now ?
(1) Digital music (2) Digital news (3) Digital video (4) Television
Ans: 1
84. Transition from one scene to another in a TV commercial is referred to as :
(1) Movement (2) Linkage (3) Bridge (4) Run - in
Ans: 3
85. The tabloid version of earlier broadsheet newspaper is called :
(1) Contact print (2) Compact (3) Tab (4) Compressor
Ans: 2
86. The estimation of story length is called :
(1) Casting off (2) Copy fit (3) Space check (4) Line estimate
Ans: 1
87. On Spec in journalistic parlance means :
(1) Commissioned article (2) Uncommissioned article
(3) Additional editorial (4) First page feature
Ans: 2
88. Fan writing is characterised as a type of textual :
(1) Preacting (2) Problematisation
(3) Poaching (4) Presumption
Ans: 3
89. Screamer is a/an _________ mark normally seen in headlines.
(1) Question (2) Quotation
(3) Exclamatory (4) Semicolon
Ans: 3
(1) Outdoor Advertising (2) Interactive Advertising
(3) Corporate Advertising (4) Paid Advertising
Ans: 2
80. Bipolar objectives are used in :
(1) Likert scale (2) Thurstone scale
(3) Gutman scale (4) Semantic differential
Ans: 1
81. Social marketing theory is essentially ________.
(1) Content - dominated (2) Source - dominated
(3) Receiver - dominated (4) Channel - dominated
Ans: 2
82. _________ refers to the number of billboards used for an advertisement.
(1) Cumes (2) Counter boards (3) Facings (4) Deckers
Ans: 3
83. Who commands higher advertising prices globally for now ?
(1) Digital music (2) Digital news (3) Digital video (4) Television
Ans: 1
84. Transition from one scene to another in a TV commercial is referred to as :
(1) Movement (2) Linkage (3) Bridge (4) Run - in
Ans: 3
85. The tabloid version of earlier broadsheet newspaper is called :
(1) Contact print (2) Compact (3) Tab (4) Compressor
Ans: 2
86. The estimation of story length is called :
(1) Casting off (2) Copy fit (3) Space check (4) Line estimate
Ans: 1
87. On Spec in journalistic parlance means :
(1) Commissioned article (2) Uncommissioned article
(3) Additional editorial (4) First page feature
Ans: 2
88. Fan writing is characterised as a type of textual :
(1) Preacting (2) Problematisation
(3) Poaching (4) Presumption
Ans: 3
89. Screamer is a/an _________ mark normally seen in headlines.
(1) Question (2) Quotation
(3) Exclamatory (4) Semicolon
Ans: 3
Read the following passage carefully and answer questions from No. 90 to 94.
The practice of being “embedded” has a long history : “from the earliest correspondents in the nineteenth century through to... the Second World War and Vietnam” and most recently with the unprecedented numbers of embedded journalists in the Iraq war. In 2003 the US Pentagon offered over 700 embedded slots to US and non-US journalists. The American taxpayers, rather than news organizations, paid the bill for the training, outfitting, transporting, sheltering, and feeding of the journalists. It became quite difficult for all but the hardest - nosed reporters to be absolutely honest about the soldiers who fed them, transported them, gave them the power they needed for their equipment, and (when necessary) saved their lives from the enemy. That mere word, “enemy”, shows how a mind set was created...If you are with one side in a war, your fortunes and those of the soldiers you are with are pretty tightly intertwined ; deep down you are praying that they won’t fail. This is a common criticism of embedding : it allows the journalist to become too close to those he or she is scrutinizing. Could embedded journalism fulfill the watchdog function of Western journalism when the journalists are embedded with the very people they are meant to be scrutinizing ? The US Pentagon claimed that the significance of embedded journalists was “to tell the factual story - good or bad”, but reporting in such a situation is in danger of being reduced to the tokens of patriotism, standing against the “enemy” who is trying to take away “our way of life”. It concluded that embedded journalism in the opening of the 2003 war produced stories that promoted patriotism more than stories that encouraged deliberation. Embedded journalists admittedly reported feeling conflicting loyalties and commented on the one-dimensional nature of their reports. Impartial reporting is not easy when sharing lived experience, and is that much more difficult when the experience is in such an extreme, life-or-death situation. Frontline correspondent Allan Little criticized the reporting done by “embeds”. He argued that the journalist’s job is that of scrutiny and the “hi, mom” reporting done by journalists of their host-soldiers was not scrutinizing anything. Journalists are reliant on multiple sources and in the case of being an “embed”, military sources are the only sources available. The normal practice for journalists to gather information from multiple sources is severely limited when embedded with one battalion or when restricted to safe-zones in Baghdad. The journalist is not in a position to observe what the war is doing to the civilians. As the stand-in eyes and ears of the public, the embedded journalist is unable to provide witness to the consequences of the war in which their government is engaged. It was weeks before the embedded journalists had the opportunity to observe and interview the Iraqi people. The Project for Excellence in Journalism conducted a content analysis of US television coverage from the first week of the war produced by embeds: “The reports avoided graphic material; not one of the stories in the study showed pictures of people being hit by weapons fire”. The Cardiff School of Journalism had similar findings of reports filed by British embeds; the coverage was “full of action, but without the grisly consequences”. Both Gulf Wars lacked detailed coverage of the suffering of the Iraqi people. At the start of both Gulf Wars, Western audiences largely witnessed war without consequences.
90. Who paid for the practice of embedded journalism in the United States ?
(1) News organisations (2) The US Pentagon
(3) The American taxpayers (4) Journalists themselves
Ans: 3
91. Embedded journalism affected the media function of :
(1) Supply of news (2) Respecting the soldiers
(3) Objective reporting (4) Standing against the enemy
Ans: 3
92. What was the issue faced by embedded journalists during the 2003 war ?
(1) Consequences of factual reporting
(2) Absence of conflicting loyalties
(3) Availability of multiple news sources
(4) One - dimensional reports
Ans: 4
93. Embedded reporting is restricted by :
(1) The inability to observe the consequences of war
(2) Sharing lived experience
(3) Impartial reporting
(4) Opportunities to observe
Ans: 1
94. Till date embedded reporting of wars has made people witness :
(1) Coverage with grisly consequences
(2) Safe-zones in conflict areas
(3) Suffering of Iraqi people
(4) War with one-sided focus
Ans: 4
The practice of being “embedded” has a long history : “from the earliest correspondents in the nineteenth century through to... the Second World War and Vietnam” and most recently with the unprecedented numbers of embedded journalists in the Iraq war. In 2003 the US Pentagon offered over 700 embedded slots to US and non-US journalists. The American taxpayers, rather than news organizations, paid the bill for the training, outfitting, transporting, sheltering, and feeding of the journalists. It became quite difficult for all but the hardest - nosed reporters to be absolutely honest about the soldiers who fed them, transported them, gave them the power they needed for their equipment, and (when necessary) saved their lives from the enemy. That mere word, “enemy”, shows how a mind set was created...If you are with one side in a war, your fortunes and those of the soldiers you are with are pretty tightly intertwined ; deep down you are praying that they won’t fail. This is a common criticism of embedding : it allows the journalist to become too close to those he or she is scrutinizing. Could embedded journalism fulfill the watchdog function of Western journalism when the journalists are embedded with the very people they are meant to be scrutinizing ? The US Pentagon claimed that the significance of embedded journalists was “to tell the factual story - good or bad”, but reporting in such a situation is in danger of being reduced to the tokens of patriotism, standing against the “enemy” who is trying to take away “our way of life”. It concluded that embedded journalism in the opening of the 2003 war produced stories that promoted patriotism more than stories that encouraged deliberation. Embedded journalists admittedly reported feeling conflicting loyalties and commented on the one-dimensional nature of their reports. Impartial reporting is not easy when sharing lived experience, and is that much more difficult when the experience is in such an extreme, life-or-death situation. Frontline correspondent Allan Little criticized the reporting done by “embeds”. He argued that the journalist’s job is that of scrutiny and the “hi, mom” reporting done by journalists of their host-soldiers was not scrutinizing anything. Journalists are reliant on multiple sources and in the case of being an “embed”, military sources are the only sources available. The normal practice for journalists to gather information from multiple sources is severely limited when embedded with one battalion or when restricted to safe-zones in Baghdad. The journalist is not in a position to observe what the war is doing to the civilians. As the stand-in eyes and ears of the public, the embedded journalist is unable to provide witness to the consequences of the war in which their government is engaged. It was weeks before the embedded journalists had the opportunity to observe and interview the Iraqi people. The Project for Excellence in Journalism conducted a content analysis of US television coverage from the first week of the war produced by embeds: “The reports avoided graphic material; not one of the stories in the study showed pictures of people being hit by weapons fire”. The Cardiff School of Journalism had similar findings of reports filed by British embeds; the coverage was “full of action, but without the grisly consequences”. Both Gulf Wars lacked detailed coverage of the suffering of the Iraqi people. At the start of both Gulf Wars, Western audiences largely witnessed war without consequences.
90. Who paid for the practice of embedded journalism in the United States ?
(1) News organisations (2) The US Pentagon
(3) The American taxpayers (4) Journalists themselves
Ans: 3
91. Embedded journalism affected the media function of :
(1) Supply of news (2) Respecting the soldiers
(3) Objective reporting (4) Standing against the enemy
Ans: 3
92. What was the issue faced by embedded journalists during the 2003 war ?
(1) Consequences of factual reporting
(2) Absence of conflicting loyalties
(3) Availability of multiple news sources
(4) One - dimensional reports
Ans: 4
93. Embedded reporting is restricted by :
(1) The inability to observe the consequences of war
(2) Sharing lived experience
(3) Impartial reporting
(4) Opportunities to observe
Ans: 1
94. Till date embedded reporting of wars has made people witness :
(1) Coverage with grisly consequences
(2) Safe-zones in conflict areas
(3) Suffering of Iraqi people
(4) War with one-sided focus
Ans: 4
95. Sensational, often irresponsible journalism is identified as
(1) Parachute Journalism (2) Yellow Journalism (3) Neo-Journalism (4) Party Press
Ans: 2
96. The ability to access, analyse, evaluate and communicate media messages is known as
(1) Cultural criticism (2) Critical theory (3) Media dependency (4) Media literacy
Ans: 4
97. Determinist and instrument views of media see them as purveyors of
(1) Tolerance (2) Harmony (3) Prosperity (4) Violence
Ans: 4
98. Theory based on empirical observation guided by the scientific method is
(1) Post-positivist Theory (2) Hermeneutic Theory (3) Grounded Theory (4) Axiology
Ans: 1
99. When codes of communication are not meaningfully shared, it leads to
(1) Physical noise (2) Mechanical noise (3) Semantic noise (4) Psychological noise
Ans: 3
100. A type of theory that describes an ideal way for media systems to be structured and operated is referred to as
(1) Value system (2) Normative theory (3) Scientific theory (4) Archaic theory
Ans: 2
(1) Parachute Journalism (2) Yellow Journalism (3) Neo-Journalism (4) Party Press
Ans: 2
96. The ability to access, analyse, evaluate and communicate media messages is known as
(1) Cultural criticism (2) Critical theory (3) Media dependency (4) Media literacy
Ans: 4
97. Determinist and instrument views of media see them as purveyors of
(1) Tolerance (2) Harmony (3) Prosperity (4) Violence
Ans: 4
98. Theory based on empirical observation guided by the scientific method is
(1) Post-positivist Theory (2) Hermeneutic Theory (3) Grounded Theory (4) Axiology
Ans: 1
99. When codes of communication are not meaningfully shared, it leads to
(1) Physical noise (2) Mechanical noise (3) Semantic noise (4) Psychological noise
Ans: 3
100. A type of theory that describes an ideal way for media systems to be structured and operated is referred to as
(1) Value system (2) Normative theory (3) Scientific theory (4) Archaic theory
Ans: 2
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