AGRICULTURE BOTANY
AGRICULTURE BOTANY SYLLABUS
(These syllabus may change from time to time. Please check with the relevant Public Service Commission websites for any changes in the syllabus)
Cytology: Cell and cell division (Mitosis and meiosis), structural and functional organization of chromosomes, chromatin organization, nucleosome solenoid model, structural and numerical alterations in chromosomes, structure and properties of nucleic acid, bioenergetics.
Physiology: Photosynthesis and respiration, plant nutrients, plant water relationships.
Genetics : Modifications of Mendelian ratios, polygenic inheritance, linkage detection and three point test cross, cytogenetics of aneuploids and structural heterozygotes, fundamentals of molecular genetics, genetic material in organisms, Gene structure and expression, mechanism of recombination in prokaryote, genetic code, protein synthesis and gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, RNA splicing, DNA repair mechanism, transposable elements, pseudogenes, overlapping genes, oncogenes, gene silencing, denaturation and renaturation of DNA, genomics, proteomics. Mendelian population, random mating population, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, nature of gene action and linkage effects, principles of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), experimental designs for plant breeding experiments, random and fixed effect models, comparison of means and variances for significance, genetic diversity analysis (Cluster and D2 ), phenotypic and genotypic correlations, path analysis, selection indices, heritability and genetic advance, regression analysis including parent-progeny regression, generation mean analysis, mating designs (diallel, partial diallel, line x tester analysis, NCDs and TTC), concept of combining ability and gene action, GxE interaction and stability analysis, AMMI analysis, germplasm documentation.
Plant Breeding: Pre and post-Mendelian era of plant breeding, objective of plant breeding, characteristics improved by plant breeding, Pattern of evolution in crop plants, centre of origin-biodiversity and its significance, genetic basis of breeding self and cross pollinated crops including mating systems and response to selection, nature of variability, components of variation; Heritability and genetic advance, genotype-environmental interaction, general and specific combining ability, types of genes action and implication in plant breeding, Plantintroduction and role plant genetic resources in plant breeding. Pure line theory, pure line selection and mass selection methods, line breeding, pedigree, bulk, backcross, single seed descent and multiline method, population breeding in self pollinated crops, breeding method in cross pollinated crops, population breeding mass selection and ear-to-row methods, S1 and S2 progeny testing, progeny selection schemes, recurrent selection scheme for intra and inter population and improvement and development of synthetics and composites, Hybrid breedinggenetical and physiological basis of heterosis and inbreeding, population of inbreds, breeding approaches for improvement of inbreds, predicting hybrid performance, seed production of hybrid and their parent varieties/inbreds, breeding methods in asexually/ clonally propagated crops, clonal selection apomixes, clonal selection, self-incompatibility and male sterility in crop plants and their commercial exploitation, Concept of plant ideotype and its role in crop improvement.
Plant genetic resources and seed technology: Germplasm introduction & exchange, principles of in vitro and cryopreservation, germplasm conservation in-situ, ex-situ and on farm. Short, medium, long term conservation strategies of seed, plant genetic resources for food & agriculture, PGR and benefit sharing, IPR, PBR, UPOV, CBD and PPV&FR, seeds act and law enforcement, new seed act seed policy, variety development, release and notification, objectives & principals of seed production, categories of seed, maintenance breeding & seed production in cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibre & forage crops, seed certification and seed standards, DUS testing
Biotechnology: Tissue culture techniques, introduction to vectors, their types and role in gene transfer, introduction to restriction enzymes, their types and role in gene transfer, techniques of DNA isolation, molecular mapping and tagging for agronomic traits, marker-assisted selection for quantitative and qualitative traits, QTLs analysis in crop plants, Marker assisted backcross breeding for rapid regression, gene pyramiding, recombinant DNA technology, transgenes, method of transformation, production of transgenic plants, gene transfer, DNA sequencing, biotechnological application in male sterility, MOs, GMO, international regulations and biosafety, bioinformatics, nanotechnology and its application.
Breeding (cereals, forages, oil seed and pulses): Evaluation and distribution, wild relatives and germplasm, breeding objectives and technology, biotic and abiotic stress, breeding for quality traits breeding achievements and future prospects of crop improvement
Mutation breeding: History, nature and classification, physical and chemical mutagens, molecular mechanism of mutation, effect of mutation on DNA, observing mutagen effect in M1 and M2 generations, use of mutagens in creating oligogenic and polygenic variations, use of mutagen in genomics, allele mining.
Heterosis breeding: Historical aspect and heterosis, heterosis in natural population and inbred population, Pre-Mendelian and Post-Mendelian ideas, genetic theories, prediction of heterosis, types of male sterility and use of heterosis breeding hybrid seed production system, development of parental lines, fixation of heterosis in self, cross and often cross pollinated crops, genetic engineering for creating male sterility and its exploitation.
Cytology: Cell and cell division (Mitosis and meiosis), structural and functional organization of chromosomes, chromatin organization, nucleosome solenoid model, structural and numerical alterations in chromosomes, structure and properties of nucleic acid, bioenergetics.
Physiology: Photosynthesis and respiration, plant nutrients, plant water relationships.
Genetics : Modifications of Mendelian ratios, polygenic inheritance, linkage detection and three point test cross, cytogenetics of aneuploids and structural heterozygotes, fundamentals of molecular genetics, genetic material in organisms, Gene structure and expression, mechanism of recombination in prokaryote, genetic code, protein synthesis and gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, RNA splicing, DNA repair mechanism, transposable elements, pseudogenes, overlapping genes, oncogenes, gene silencing, denaturation and renaturation of DNA, genomics, proteomics. Mendelian population, random mating population, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, nature of gene action and linkage effects, principles of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), experimental designs for plant breeding experiments, random and fixed effect models, comparison of means and variances for significance, genetic diversity analysis (Cluster and D2 ), phenotypic and genotypic correlations, path analysis, selection indices, heritability and genetic advance, regression analysis including parent-progeny regression, generation mean analysis, mating designs (diallel, partial diallel, line x tester analysis, NCDs and TTC), concept of combining ability and gene action, GxE interaction and stability analysis, AMMI analysis, germplasm documentation.
Plant Breeding: Pre and post-Mendelian era of plant breeding, objective of plant breeding, characteristics improved by plant breeding, Pattern of evolution in crop plants, centre of origin-biodiversity and its significance, genetic basis of breeding self and cross pollinated crops including mating systems and response to selection, nature of variability, components of variation; Heritability and genetic advance, genotype-environmental interaction, general and specific combining ability, types of genes action and implication in plant breeding, Plantintroduction and role plant genetic resources in plant breeding. Pure line theory, pure line selection and mass selection methods, line breeding, pedigree, bulk, backcross, single seed descent and multiline method, population breeding in self pollinated crops, breeding method in cross pollinated crops, population breeding mass selection and ear-to-row methods, S1 and S2 progeny testing, progeny selection schemes, recurrent selection scheme for intra and inter population and improvement and development of synthetics and composites, Hybrid breedinggenetical and physiological basis of heterosis and inbreeding, population of inbreds, breeding approaches for improvement of inbreds, predicting hybrid performance, seed production of hybrid and their parent varieties/inbreds, breeding methods in asexually/ clonally propagated crops, clonal selection apomixes, clonal selection, self-incompatibility and male sterility in crop plants and their commercial exploitation, Concept of plant ideotype and its role in crop improvement.
Plant genetic resources and seed technology: Germplasm introduction & exchange, principles of in vitro and cryopreservation, germplasm conservation in-situ, ex-situ and on farm. Short, medium, long term conservation strategies of seed, plant genetic resources for food & agriculture, PGR and benefit sharing, IPR, PBR, UPOV, CBD and PPV&FR, seeds act and law enforcement, new seed act seed policy, variety development, release and notification, objectives & principals of seed production, categories of seed, maintenance breeding & seed production in cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibre & forage crops, seed certification and seed standards, DUS testing
Biotechnology: Tissue culture techniques, introduction to vectors, their types and role in gene transfer, introduction to restriction enzymes, their types and role in gene transfer, techniques of DNA isolation, molecular mapping and tagging for agronomic traits, marker-assisted selection for quantitative and qualitative traits, QTLs analysis in crop plants, Marker assisted backcross breeding for rapid regression, gene pyramiding, recombinant DNA technology, transgenes, method of transformation, production of transgenic plants, gene transfer, DNA sequencing, biotechnological application in male sterility, MOs, GMO, international regulations and biosafety, bioinformatics, nanotechnology and its application.
Breeding (cereals, forages, oil seed and pulses): Evaluation and distribution, wild relatives and germplasm, breeding objectives and technology, biotic and abiotic stress, breeding for quality traits breeding achievements and future prospects of crop improvement
Mutation breeding: History, nature and classification, physical and chemical mutagens, molecular mechanism of mutation, effect of mutation on DNA, observing mutagen effect in M1 and M2 generations, use of mutagens in creating oligogenic and polygenic variations, use of mutagen in genomics, allele mining.
Heterosis breeding: Historical aspect and heterosis, heterosis in natural population and inbred population, Pre-Mendelian and Post-Mendelian ideas, genetic theories, prediction of heterosis, types of male sterility and use of heterosis breeding hybrid seed production system, development of parental lines, fixation of heterosis in self, cross and often cross pollinated crops, genetic engineering for creating male sterility and its exploitation.
AGRICULTURE BOTANY MCQs
1 According to cell theory, cell is :-
2 Most suitable stage of cell division for study of chromosome morphology:-
3 Crossing over takes place in which stage of cell division:-
4 The work of Gregor Mendel was the extension of experiments conducted by whom:-
5 Mendel's work was published in the year :-
6 The source of dwarfing genes used by N.E. Borlaug was the veriety:-
7 The concept of centre of origin was given by :-
8 Characters found in one species which also occur in other related species refers to the law of :-
9 The ratio of genetic variance to the total variance is known as:-
10 Progeny of single homozygous plant of self pollinated species is known as:-
11 Cultivation of genotype /entry in new environment is known as :-
12 A number of superior and similar plants are selected and the seed is mixed in :-
13 Pedigree method is mainly used to develop varieties in :-
14. Natural selection is preferred to select desirable plants rathar than artificial selection in :-
15 K 65, K 68 and WL 711 varieties of wheat have been developed by :-
16 Back cross is crossing of F₁ hybrid with :-
17 A mixture of inbred lines that combine favorably in all possible combinations is known as:-
18 The estimate of heterosis which has commercial or practical value is known as :-
19 Darwin published the book " Cross and self fertilization in vegetable kingdom" in the year :-
20 The phenotypic variation within a clone is due to :-
21 Which of the following is not used directly as a variety:-
22 In apomixis:-
23 Self pollinated crops are :-
24 The male sterlity most commonly used to develop hybrids in pearl millet and maize is:-
25 In hybrid seed production 'A' line is known as:-
26 Male sterile lines are maintained by crossing them with:-
27 White tag is used for :-
28 Indian Seeds Act ensures availability of:-
29 According to Seeds Act, the released and notified crop varieties can be registered for a period of :-
30 The Seeds Act permits the farmers to :-
- Basic unit of living beings
- Smallest unit of life
- Structrual and functional unitof living organisms
- Self sufficient unit of life
2 Most suitable stage of cell division for study of chromosome morphology:-
- Meotic prophase
- Mitotic metaphase
- Meotic telophase
- Mitotic prophase
3 Crossing over takes place in which stage of cell division:-
- Leptotene
- Pachytene
- Zygotene
- Diplotene
4 The work of Gregor Mendel was the extension of experiments conducted by whom:-
- Knight and Goss
- G.H.Shull
- East and Norwich
- T. Boveri
5 Mendel's work was published in the year :-
- 1905
- 1903
- 1824
- 1866
6 The source of dwarfing genes used by N.E. Borlaug was the veriety:-
- Maxico 5
- Norin 10
- Lerma Rojo
- Sonalika
7 The concept of centre of origin was given by :-
- G.H. Shull
- Darwin
- Vavilov
- Kolreuter
8 Characters found in one species which also occur in other related species refers to the law of :-
- Law of independent
- assortment Law of dominance
- Law of segregation
- Law of homologous series in variation
9 The ratio of genetic variance to the total variance is known as:-
- Genetic gain
- Genetic advance
- Heritability
- Inheritance
10 Progeny of single homozygous plant of self pollinated species is known as:-
- Inbred line
- Pure line
- Single line
- Multi line
11 Cultivation of genotype /entry in new environment is known as :-
- Domestication
- Acclimatization
- Introduction
- Adaptation
12 A number of superior and similar plants are selected and the seed is mixed in :-
- Mass selection
- Bulk Selection
- Pureline Selection
- Progeny Selection
13 Pedigree method is mainly used to develop varieties in :-
- Cross pollinated crops
- Self pollinated crops
- Vegetatively propagated varieties
- Biotechnologically modified varieties
14. Natural selection is preferred to select desirable plants rathar than artificial selection in :-
- Mass selection
- Bulk Selection
- Pedigree selection
- Pureline Selection
15 K 65, K 68 and WL 711 varieties of wheat have been developed by :-
- Mass selection
- Back cross method
- Bulk method
- Pedigree method
16 Back cross is crossing of F₁ hybrid with :-
- Any one of its parent
- Dominant parent only
- recessive parent only
- other than parents
17 A mixture of inbred lines that combine favorably in all possible combinations is known as:-
- Synthetic
- Hybrid
- Bulk
- Mass Selection
18 The estimate of heterosis which has commercial or practical value is known as :-
- Heterobeltiosis
- Average heterosis
- Economic heterosis
- Heterosis
19 Darwin published the book " Cross and self fertilization in vegetable kingdom" in the year :-
- 1700
- 1876
- 1908
- 1909
20 The phenotypic variation within a clone is due to :-
- Environmental factors
- Genetic factors
- Genetic and environmental factors
- Mutation
21 Which of the following is not used directly as a variety:-
- Clone
- Pureline
- F₁ generation
- Inbred
22 In apomixis:-
- Seeds are formed and embryo develop through fertilization
- Seeds are not formed and embryo develop through fertilization
- Seeds are formed and embryo develop without fertilization
- Seeds are not formed and embryo develop without fertilization
23 Self pollinated crops are :-
- Wheat, groundnut,tomato,sesamum.
- Rice,pea,bringal,sorghum.
- Barley,soybean,potato,cotton.
- Pigeonpea,castor,sugarcane,cowpea
24 The male sterlity most commonly used to develop hybrids in pearl millet and maize is:-
- Genetic
- Cytoplasmic
- Cytoplasmic - genetic
- None of these
25 In hybrid seed production 'A' line is known as:-
- Restorer
- Maintainer
- Male fertile
- Male sterile
26 Male sterile lines are maintained by crossing them with:-
- Male sterile lines
- Male fertile lines
- Restorer lines
- Male sterile or fertile lines
27 White tag is used for :-
- Breeder seed
- Foundation seed
- Certified seed
- Truthful labelled seed
28 Indian Seeds Act ensures availability of:-
- Breeder seed to the seed producing agency
- Pure nucleus seed to maintain seed chain
- Foundation seed for the production of certified seed
- Quality seed to the farmers
29 According to Seeds Act, the released and notified crop varieties can be registered for a period of :-
- 10 years
- 15 years
- 20 years
- 12 years
30 The Seeds Act permits the farmers to :-
- Use certified seed and sell it with the same brand name only
- Use and sell his/her produce but not under a brand name
- Use and sell his produce in his/her own packing
- Use the produce or sell it only once
31 Protection of variety under PPV & FRA is for :-
32 PPV & FRA came into force in the year :-
33 A variety to be registered under plant variety protection act shoud be :-
34 Right to commercial seed production, marketing,export-import and authorization are the main features of :-
35 To avoid genetic deterioration we have to go fro:-
36 Isolation distance for foundation seed of soybean is :-
37 Isolation distance in foundation seed production of sorghum is :-
38 Mutation due to x-rays in Drosophilla was discovered by :-
39 In general, mutations are:-
40 In case of mutation in oligogenic traits preliminary yield trial is conducted in :-
41 Non - ionising radiation is:-
42 The term"Heterosis" was first used by :-
43 Chief drawback in use of hybrid varieties in self pollinated crops is:-
44 Hybrid varieties were first commercially exploited in :-
45 Hybrid varieties makes use of :-
46 In single cross hybrid:-
47 'Bt' gene for insect resistence in crops like tomato, cotton & maize is obtained from:-
48 Which one of the following pair is not correctly matched:-
49 RHB 177 is popular variety of :-
50 Multilines KSML-3, KML-7406 and MLKS-11 are based on :-
51 Which one of the following variety is not a variety of Mungbean :-
52 'Gangaur' is a popular variety of gram developed at:-
53 A popular variety of guar is:-
54 Phenotypic appearance of all chromosomes in a particular species is called :--
55 After hybridization, pedigree selection method is followed in which crop?
56 The term 'Genetics' was coined by :-
57 The germplasm theroy was proposed by :-
58 Numerical approach of dialled analysis in plant breeding provides information about:-
59 In mitosis DNA synthesis takes place during -
60 Meiosis provides apportunities for:-
61 Which of the following does not take place during light reaction of photosynthesis :-
62 Gene number is altered by :-
63 Line x tester analysis does not permit mating between :-
64 F₃ population is used in analysis instead of B₁ and B₂ is :-
65 Homeostasis is associated with :-
66 Special chromosomes refer to :-
67 For a trait governed by both additive and non-additive gene actions,which of the following breeding procedure should be adopted:-
68 High value of genetic advance indicates that the character is governed by :-
69 During pachytene, translocation heterozygote exhibits :-
70 Translocation involves:-
71 Monoploids are represented by :-
72 In primary trisomic, the extra chromosome is :-
73 Hexaploid wheat behaves like diploid species due to :-
74 Heterosis can be fixed by :-
75 Inbreding of cross-pollinated species tends to increase:-
76 A condition in which pollination and fertilization takes place in an unopend flower is termed as :-
77 A cybrid is :-
78 A male gametophyte in angiosperms contain:-
79 The analysis of polygenic variation is based on :-
80 A repetitive DNA sequence with no obvious function is called :-
81 Marker character refers to :-
82 An ideal DNA marker should be :-
83 Which of the following mutagen is an alkylating agent ?
84 In a population, gene frequency remains constant if there is :-
85 Which of the following methods of foreign gene transfer exhibits host specificity ?
86 In Wheat,herbicide resistance to glufosinate was transfered from:-
87 The value of regression and correlation is same when correlation of two variables is :-
88 Transgressive segregants fall outside the limit of :-
89 During absorption of water by roots, the water potential of cell sap is lower than that of :-
90 The process of photorespiration is found more in :-
91 'Operon Model' of gene regulation was proposed by :-
92 Selection indices are generally classified into :-
93 The D² statistic was proposed in 1936 by :-
94 Noth carolina Design I analysis provides estimates of :-
95 For the production of certified seed of hybrid maize which seed is provided to the grower?
96 Which of the following classes of seeds are certified by a state seed certification agency?
97 The nutrient medium for tissue culture of higher plants was first developed by :-
98 Which DNA marker technique was developled before the discovery of PCR?
99 Which of the following is a stress hormone:-
- All varieties
- Farmers developed varieties/cultures
- Cultures with novelty,distinctiveness,uniformity & stability
- Extant cultures only
32 PPV & FRA came into force in the year :-
- 1966
- 2001
- 2004
- 2005
33 A variety to be registered under plant variety protection act shoud be :-
- Candidate variety
- Reference variety
- Desi variety
- Example variety
34 Right to commercial seed production, marketing,export-import and authorization are the main features of :-
- Farmer's right
- Plant breeder's right
- Community right
- Property rights
35 To avoid genetic deterioration we have to go fro:-
- Development of new varieties
- Maintenance breeding
- Sufficient supply of certified seed to the farmers
- Adoption of seed chain system
36 Isolation distance for foundation seed of soybean is :-
- 3 meter
- 10 meter
- 100 meter
- 1000 meter
37 Isolation distance in foundation seed production of sorghum is :-
- 50 meter
- 100 meter
- 200 meter
- 1000 meter
38 Mutation due to x-rays in Drosophilla was discovered by :-
- Morgan
- Muller
- Shull
- Darwin
39 In general, mutations are:-
- Recessive and harmful
- Dominant and harmful
- Recessive and beneficial
- Dominant and beneficial
40 In case of mutation in oligogenic traits preliminary yield trial is conducted in :-
- Third year
- Fouth year
- Fifth year
- Sixth year
41 Non - ionising radiation is:-
- UV - rays
- X-rays
- β - rays
- γ - rays
42 The term"Heterosis" was first used by :-
- Darwin
- Powers
- Kotler
- Shull
43 Chief drawback in use of hybrid varieties in self pollinated crops is:-
- Absence of sufficient heterosis
- Difficulty in production of large quantity hybrid seed.
- Absence of heterosis and difficulty in production in
- large quantity seed
- Sterlity in F₁ plants
44 Hybrid varieties were first commercially exploited in :-
- Pearl millet
- Sorghum
- Maize
- Cotton
45 Hybrid varieties makes use of :-
- GCA (General combining Ability)
- SCA (Specific combining Ability)
- Both GCA and SCA
- Inbreeding depression
46 In single cross hybrid:-
- Male sterile line is crossed with restorer
- Male sterile line is crossed with maintainer
- Maintainer is crossed with restorer
- Restorer is crossed with male fertile line
47 'Bt' gene for insect resistence in crops like tomato, cotton & maize is obtained from:-
- Virus
- Bactetia
- Fungi
- Nematod
48 Which one of the following pair is not correctly matched:-
- Wheat - Raj 3765
- Mungbean - K851
- Guar - RSG2
- Moth - RM0257
49 RHB 177 is popular variety of :-
- Pearl millet
- Barley
- Cowpea
- Gram
50 Multilines KSML-3, KML-7406 and MLKS-11 are based on :-
- Sonalika
- Kalyansona
- Sarbati Sonora
- Karuna
51 Which one of the following variety is not a variety of Mungbean :-
- RMG 492
- IPM 02-3
- SML 668
- RMO 40
52 'Gangaur' is a popular variety of gram developed at:-
- ARS, Kota
- ARS, Sriganganagar
- CAZRI,Jodhpur
- RCA, Udaipur
53 A popular variety of guar is:-
- RSG 44
- RGC 1066
- RMG 268
- RMO 425
54 Phenotypic appearance of all chromosomes in a particular species is called :--
- Karyotype
- Genotype
- Ecotype
- Phenotype
55 After hybridization, pedigree selection method is followed in which crop?
- Pearlmillet
- Maize
- Wheat
- Cotton
56 The term 'Genetics' was coined by :-
- Bateson
- Punnett
- Morgan
- Devries
57 The germplasm theroy was proposed by :-
- Darwin
- Weismann
- Lamarck
- Sutton
58 Numerical approach of dialled analysis in plant breeding provides information about:-
- D and H components
- GCA and SCA variances
- GCA and SCA effects
- All of these
59 In mitosis DNA synthesis takes place during -
- G-1 Stage
- S Stage
- G-2 Stage
- All of these
60 Meiosis provides apportunities for:-
- Crossing over
- Recombination
- Segregation
- All of these
61 Which of the following does not take place during light reaction of photosynthesis :-
- Reduction of carbon-di-oxide
- Production of reduction power
- Production of energy currency
- Photolysis of water
62 Gene number is altered by :-
- Duplication
- Translocation
- Inversion
- All of these
63 Line x tester analysis does not permit mating between :-
- Males and female
- Among males
- Among females
- Among males and Among females
64 F₃ population is used in analysis instead of B₁ and B₂ is :-
- Six parameter model
- Five parameter model
- Three parameter model
- All of these
65 Homeostasis is associated with :-
- Heterozygosity
- Genetic diversity
- Genetic polymorphism
- All of these
66 Special chromosomes refer to :-
- Lampbrush chromosomes
- Accessory chromosomes
- Polytene chromosomes
- All of these
67 For a trait governed by both additive and non-additive gene actions,which of the following breeding procedure should be adopted:-
- Recurrent selection for gca
- Mass selection
- Reciprocal recurrent selection
- Recurrent selection for sca
68 High value of genetic advance indicates that the character is governed by :-
- Additive genes
- Dominant genes
- Epistatic gene
- All of these
69 During pachytene, translocation heterozygote exhibits :-
- Loop configuration
- Cross shaped configuration
- Ring configuration
- None of these
70 Translocation involves:-
- Homologous chromosomes
- Isochromosomes
- Non-homologous Chromosomes
- All of these
71 Monoploids are represented by :-
- x
- 2x
- n
- 2n
72 In primary trisomic, the extra chromosome is :-
- Isochromosome
- Translocated chromosome
- Normal
- Ring chromosome
73 Hexaploid wheat behaves like diploid species due to :-
- 5 B system
- 3B system
- 4B system
- 2B system
74 Heterosis can be fixed by :-
- Sexual reproduction
- Apomixis
- Polyploidy
- All of these
75 Inbreding of cross-pollinated species tends to increase:-
- Homozygosity
- Genetic correlation
- Genetic diversity
- All of these
76 A condition in which pollination and fertilization takes place in an unopend flower is termed as :-
- Homogamy
- Apogamy
- Polygamy
- Cleistogamy
77 A cybrid is :-
- A sexual hybrid
- A hybrid formed by cell fusion
- A plant produced by cell culture
- Synonym to hybrid
78 A male gametophyte in angiosperms contain:-
- One gamete only
- Two male gametes only
- Two male gametes and one tube nucleus
- One male gamete and one tube nucleus
79 The analysis of polygenic variation is based on :-
- Mean
- Variances
- Convariance
- All of these
80 A repetitive DNA sequence with no obvious function is called :-
- Pseudogene
- Overlapping gene
- Selfish gene
- Split gene
81 Marker character refers to :-
- Cytological markers
- Biochemical markers
- DNA markers
- All of these
82 An ideal DNA marker should be :-
- Codominant
- Non-epistatic
- Polymorphic
- All of these
83 Which of the following mutagen is an alkylating agent ?
- Proflavin
- Acroflavin
- EMS
- 5BU
84 In a population, gene frequency remains constant if there is :-
- Random mating
- Inbreeding
- Outbreeding
- Selective mating
85 Which of the following methods of foreign gene transfer exhibits host specificity ?
- Particle bombardment
- Plasmid method
- Micro injection
- Direct DNA uptake
86 In Wheat,herbicide resistance to glufosinate was transfered from:-
- Arabidopsis
- Bt
- Streptomyces
- E.coli
87 The value of regression and correlation is same when correlation of two variables is :-
- Positive
- Negative
- Perfect
- Imperfect
88 Transgressive segregants fall outside the limit of :-
- Male parent
- Female parent
- Both parents
- None of these
89 During absorption of water by roots, the water potential of cell sap is lower than that of :-
- Pure water and soil solution
- Pure water,but higher than that of soil solution
- Soil solution,but higher than that of pure water
- Neither pure water nor soil solution
90 The process of photorespiration is found more in :-
- C₃ plants
- C₄ plants
- CAM plant
- None of these
91 'Operon Model' of gene regulation was proposed by :-
- Crick
- Jacob and Monad
- Watson and Crick
- Flemming
92 Selection indices are generally classified into :-
- Classical and restricted
- General and restricted
- General,classical and restricted
- General and classical
93 The D² statistic was proposed in 1936 by :-
- Fisher
- Mather and Jink
- Mahalanobis
- Johnson
94 Noth carolina Design I analysis provides estimates of :-
- Addition and dominance variances
- Additive and addive X additive variances
- Dominance and additive X additive variances
- Additive variances
95 For the production of certified seed of hybrid maize which seed is provided to the grower?
- Foundation seed
- Breeder seed
- Basic seed
- Certified seed
96 Which of the following classes of seeds are certified by a state seed certification agency?
- Breeder seed
- Foundation seed
- Certified seed
- Both foundation and certified seed
97 The nutrient medium for tissue culture of higher plants was first developed by :-
- White
- Murashige and skoog
- Maheshwari
- Davison
98 Which DNA marker technique was developled before the discovery of PCR?
- RAPD
- RFLP
- AFLP
- NNLP
99 Which of the following is a stress hormone:-
- Abscisic acid
- Cytokinin
- Gibberellin
- Auxin